Abstract Activated biochars were prepared from residues of medium density fiberboard (MDF) produced by the furniture industry. Biomass residue was pre-treated with FeCl3 in two different FeCl3:biomass ratios (0.5:1 and 1:1, w/w) aiming to produce a matrix embedded with iron oxide. The pyrolysis process produced maghemite on the biochar surface and its magnetic properties were confirmed by its attraction to a hand magnet and its magnetic susceptibility. Samples were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), surface area by BET-N2, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Magnetic biochar exhibited up to twelve-fold higher surface area than the non-magnetic biochar, which varies according the maghemite particles content. Iron oxide on biochar surface also contributed for increasing CEC around ten-fold compared to non-magnetic biochars. Phosphorus adsorption isotherms showed that these magnetic biochars have high capacity to sorb oxyanions like phosphate, especially at lower pH. Thus, these magnetic biochars could be used to clean water bodies contaminated with oxyanions in acidic conditions.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho construir um modelo de simulação para se estudar os efeitos da temperatura e do CO2 elevados na fotossíntese e na produtividade do milho. O modelo foi baseado em processos de reações bioquímicas, sendo utilizado dados experimentais para calibração do mesmo. Os resultados das taxas fotossintéticas simuladas, para concentrações de CO2 de 380 e 700 ppm foram semelhantes. Em relação à produtividade de matéria seca, observou-se um acréscimo de 5% quando a simulação foi feita com 700 ppm. Em condições de aumento da temperatura do ar, observou-se que as taxas fotossintéticas aumentaram consideravelmente, chegando a um limite no qual não se detectaram mais ganhos. Para a produtividade, os resultados foram positivos nas simulações com acréscimos de até 2 °C. Entretanto, quando foi feita a simulação para o cenário com temperaturas mais elevadas, a planta respondeu negativamente devido ao aumento das taxas respiratórias e à diminuição do ciclo, o que, consequentemente, resultou em menor tempo de crescimento e desenvolvimento.

The objective of this work was to build a simulation model in order to study the effects of weather conditions on photosynthesis and grain yield. The model compiled was based on biochemical reaction processes, being using experimental data for the calibration model. The results of the photosynthetic rates simulated for CO2 concentrations of 380 ppm and 700 ppm were similar. Regarding the dry matter yield, there was a 5% increase when the simulation was made with 700 ppm. In terms of increasing air temperature, it was observed that the photosynthetic rate increased substantially, reaching a limit at which no further significant gains were detected. For productivity, the results were positive in the simulations with increases of up to 2 °C. However, when the simulation made to the scenario with higher temperatures, the plant responded negatively due to increased respiratory rates and reduced crop cycle, which consequently resulted in less time for growth and development.