La gabapentina es un agente útil para el alivio de la neuralgia del trigémino y el dolor orofacial fantasma. Sin embargo, existe poca información sobre el efecto antinociceptivo de la gabapentina en los modelos de dolor orofacial. En este trabajo se investigó el efecto antinociceptivo de la gabapentina sobre el acicalado facial en la rata, provocado por la inyección de la formalina, un paradigma de dolor orofacial. La dosis de 10 mg/kg IP de la gabapentina produjo una drástica disminución del acicalado facial en la fase I y II indicando un claro efecto antinociceptivo. Sin embargo, en la dosis de 1 mg/kg IP, la gabapentina tuvo un efecto antinociceptivo sólo en la fase I. La D-serina (100 µg, ICV) no produjo efecto inyectada sola y no antagonizó el efecto antinociceptivo de la gabapentina. Por el contrario, la combinación de la gabapentina-1 mg/kg IP más D-serina redujo significativamente el acicalado facial en la fase II. Este resultado muestra una diferencia con estudios en que la gabapentina induce antinocicepción en la prueba de la formalina en la pata de la rata sólo en la fase II y la D-serina antagoniza a la gabapentina. Los resultados se discuten en relación al proceso de dolor en la pata posterior versus la estimulación dolorosa orofacial.

Gabapentin is a useful agent for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia and orofacial phantom pain. However, there is scarce information on the gabapentin analgesic effect in orofacial pain models. We tested the analgesic action of gabapentin on the formalin-induced face grooming in the rat, an orofacial pain paradigm. IP Gabapentin (10 mg/kg), induced a drastic reduction in face grooming during phase I and II, indicating a clear-cut antinociceptive effect. However, at 1 mg/kg, gabapentin had an analgesic effect only on phase I. D-serine (100 µg, ICV) was silent when given alone and did not antagonize the antinociceptive effect of gabapentin. On the contrary, gabapentin 1 mg/kg plus D-serine significantly reduced face grooming in phase II. These results show a difference between gabapentin induced orofacial analgesia and previous studies showing gabapentin-induced hind paw analgesia in the formalin test, only during phase II, as well as D-serine antagonism of gabapentin. The results are discussed in terms of different pain processing of hind paw, versus orofacial nociceptive stimulation.

Chimó is a tobacco derivative used in Venezuela containing nicotine. Its harmlessness has been questionated due to potential damages on periodontal tissues. Aim of present research was to study histological alterations that chimó could causes on periodontal tissues in Wistar rats. Twelve male Wistar rats were selected, 12 were the control group and 12 the experimental one. Control group received physiologic solution and the experimental one received chimó in a dosage of 18g/5cc (chimó/physiologic solution) to both groups by topical via (rubbing). Application frequency: three days/week during 20 weeks. In control group there was not changes. Experimental group showed Orthokeratosis (54 %), slight epithelial dysplasia (45 %), granulocytes, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, fibrosis, and stroma collagen disease and chronic inflammation (19 %), and a moderate dysplasia (10 %). We conclude that histological changes seen are directly related to chimó exposure time.

El chimó es un derivado del tabaco utilizado en Venezuela que contiene nicotina. Su inocuidad ha sido puesta en duda, por los daños que podría causar en los tejidos periodontales. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar las alteraciones histológicas que puede ocasionar el chimó en los tejidos periodontales de ratas Wistar. Se seleccionaron 24 ratas Wistar machos, 12 constituyeron el grupo control y 12 el grupo experimental. Se aplicó al control solución fisiológica y al experimental, chimó, en una solución de 18 g/5cc (chimó/solución fisiológica), a ambos grupos por vía tópica (frotación). Frecuencia de aplicación: 3 días a la semana, durante 20 semanas. El grupo control no mostró cambios. El grupo experimental presentó ortoqueratosis en un 54 %, displasia epitelial leve 45 %, granulocitosis, hiperqueratosis, acantosis, fibrosis y colagenización del estroma, e inflamación crónica en un 19 % y displasia moderada 10 %. Concluyéndose que los cambios histológicos observados están directamente relacionados con el tiempo de exposición al chimó.

Los virus de papiloma humano son un grupo de virus con genoma de ácido dexosiribonucleico, los cuales necesitan una célula hospedera para reproducirse y multiplicarse. La infección por el virus papiloma humano se ha asociado con lesiones epiteliales hiperplasicas, papilomatosas y carcinomas verrugosos en la piel y en diferentes tipos de mucosas, incluyendo el tracto anogenital, uretra y las mucosas traqueobronquial, nasal, de la laringe y de la cavidad bucal. En la actualidad se han descrito alrededor de 100 tipos de virus papiloma humano. Las verrugas comunes o verrugas vulgares son lesiones de la infancia producidas por los virus papiloma humano 2, 4, y 40, se presentan como nodulos benignos elevados y firmes con proyecciones papilomatosas características en la superficie. El sitio más común de aparición es en la piel de los dedos. Las lesiones orales son relativamente raras y usualmente causadas por autoinoculación a partir de las lesiones de dedos y manos. Nosotros reportamos un caso de múltiples verrugas vulgares bucales, en una niña de 12 años sin lesiones semejantes en ninguna otra zona del cuerpo.

The human papilloma viruses with desoxyribonucleic acid genome which need a host cell for their reproduction and multiplication. The human papilloma virus infection has been associated to epithelium hyperplastic, papillomas and verrucous carcinoma lesions on the skin and differents kind of mucous. Including anogenital tract, uretra and tracheobronquial, nasal, lariyngeal and oral mucous. Currently, about 100 kinds of human papilloma viruses have been described. The common wart or verruca vulgaris are lesions of childhood caused by HPV 2, 4, and 40. These are benign, elevated, firm nodules with characteristic papillomatous surface projections. The most common site of occurrence is the finger. Oral lesions are relatively rare and are usually caused by auto inoculation from lesions on the fingers and hands. We here with report a case of oral verruca vulgaris that occurred in a middle-aged individual without any wart like lesions elsewhere in the body.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar os níveis de arginina e glutamato no fluido gengival crevicular (FGC) em pacientes com periodontite crônica contra controles saudáveis e comparar dois tipos de cânulas de microdiálise: normais e em forma de U. A análise dos componentes do FGC desenvolveu-se para melhorar o diagnóstico da doença periodontal (DP). A proteólise dos tecidos periodontais aumenta a concentração de aminoácidos (aa) no FGC e os níveis destes aa podem revelar as características e estágios da DP. Amostras de FGC foram obtidas pela técnica de microdiálise in situ de cinco zonas com o periodonto afetado (profundidade de sondagem >5 mm, perda da inserção clínica >3 mm) em 14 pacientes adultos com periodontite crônica e 14 controles saudáveis. Para medir a concentração de arginina e glutamato no GFC, usou-se a técnica de eletroforese capilar com detecção de fluorescência induzida por laser. Nos pacientes com periodontite crônica, a concentração de arginina aumentou significantemente (p<0.001), enquanto a de glutamato diminuiu significantemente (p<0.001) em comparação aos controles. Não houve diferenças significantes (p=0.069) entre as cânulas normais e as cânulas em forma de U. Conclui-se que o aumento da concentração de arginina e diminuição de glutamato no FGC estavam associados à presença de periodontite, e podem ser usados como marcadores para identificar pacientes suscetíveis à periodontite bem como avaliar a evolução do tratamento.

The objectives of this study were to determine arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adult chronic periodontitis patients versus periodontally healthy controls, and to compare two kinds of microdialysis probes: normal and U-shaped probes. The analysis of GCF components was developed to improve the diagnosis of periodontal disease (PD). Proteolysis in the periodontal tissues increases the concentration of amino acids (aa) in the GCF and the levels of these aa may reveal PD features and stages. GCF samples were collected by microdialysis in situ from 5 periodontally affected sites (probing depth >5 mm, clinical attachment loss >3 mm) in 14 adult chronic periodontitis patients and from 14 adult periodontally healthy controls. Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to laser induced fluorescence detection was used to measure concentration of arginine and glutamate in the GCF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (?=0.05). Arginine concentration was increased (p<0.001) and glutamate concentration was decreased (p<0.001) in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls. There were no significant differences (p=0.069) between the normal and U-shaped probes. In conclusion, the increase of arginine and decrease of glutamate concentration in GCF were associated to the presence of periodontitis, and might be used as markers to recognize periodontally susceptible subjects as well as to evaluate the treatment course.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los niveles extracelulares de glutamato y aspartato en el fluido del surco gingival (GCF) de personas adultas, en la periodontitis crónica localizada inducida por placa (PCIP) y la gingivitis inducida por placa (GIP) La enfermedad periodontal produce cambios inflamatorios en los tejidos de sostén de las piezas dentales afectadas. El análisis químico del GCF, con diferentes métodos de colección y análisis, ha sido usado para determinar la presencia de algunos elementos inflamatorios que aparecen en la enfermedad periodontal, tales como diversas enzimas, aminoácidos, etc. Las muestras del GCF se tomaron con la técnica de microdiálisis en las zonas dentales con PCIP con una profundidad del surco ≥ 3 mm; pérdida de soporte ≥ 2mm y en las zonas dentales con GIP en el mismo paciente (n=10) Total de muestras: 100. Para medir el glutamato y aspartato en el GCF se usó la técnica de electroforesis capilar acoplada a laser con detección inducida por fluorescencia (CZE-LIFD). Los resultados mostraron que en los dientes con PCIP el glutamato disminuyó (p<0.05) y el aspartato aumentó (p< 0.02) en comparación con los dientes con GIP.

The objective of this work was to compare glutamate and aspartate levels in periodontal chronic localized disease (PCIP) and dental zones with gingivitis (GIP) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Periodontal inflammation produces histological changes, increase of blood irrigation and also increase of subgingival fluid. GCF was recognized as an inflammatory exudes derived from the periodontal tissue. Different methods to collect and analyze GCF samples had been used to identify some substances in the GCF, such as the proteinglycans metabolite, to be a possible marker of active periodontal disease. A combination of microdialysis in situ in dental zones with PCIP (probing depth ≥ 3 mm; attachment level ≥ 2 mm) and dental zones with GIP (n=10), total samples: 100, and capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to a laser induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIFD) was used to measure extracellular concentrations of amino acids: glutamate and aspartate in the GCF in adult patients The results showed that glutamate decrease (p<0.05) and aspartate increase (p<0.02) in PCIP disease zones compared with dental zones with GIP. We observed chemical in vivo evidence that differentiate the GIP zones and PCIP zones.