ABSTRACT The outbreak of COVID-19 has made scientists from all over the world do not measure efforts to understand the dynamics of the disease caused by this coronavirus. Several mathematical models have been proposed to describe the dynamics and make predictions. This work proposes a mathematical model that includes social isolation of susceptible individuals as a strategy of suppression and mitigation of the disease. The Susceptible-Infectious-Isolated-Recovered-Dead (SIQRD) model is proposed to analyze three important issues about the dynamics of the disease taking into account social isolation: when the isolation should begin? How long to keep the isolation? How to get out of this isolation? To get answers, computer simulations are provided and their results discussed. The results obtained show that beginning social isolation on the 10th or 15th days, after confirmation of the 50th case, and with 70% of the population in isolation, seems to be promising, since the infected curve does not grow much until it enters the isolation and remains at a stable level during the isolation. On the other hand an abrupt release of the social isolation will imply a second peak of infected individuals above the first one, which is not desired. Therefore, the release from social isolation should be gradual.

The presence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease increases the morbidity and mortality of patients with coronary artery disease. The objective of the present study was to calculate the prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients referred for coronary angiography. This prevalence study was carried out at the Hemodynamics Unit of Hospital Santa Isabel, Salvador, Brazil, from December 2004 to April 2005. After approval by the Ethics Committee of the hospital, 397 patients with angiographic signs of coronary artery disease were enrolled. Diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease was made using the ankle-brachial blood pressure index (£0.90). Statistical analyses were performed using the z test and a level of significance of a = 5%, 95%CI, the chi-square test and t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease was 34.3% (95%CI: 29.4-38.9). Mean age was 65.7 ± 9.4 years for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and 60.3 ± 9.8 years for patients without peripheral arterial occlusive disease (P = 0.0000003). The prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease was 1.57 times greater in patients with hypertension (P = 0.007) and 2.91 times greater in patients with coronary stenosis ³50% (P = 0.002). Illiterate patients and those with little education had a 44% higher chance of presenting peripheral arterial occlusive disease probably as a result of public health prevention policies of limited effectiveness. The prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients referred to a tertiary care hospital in Salvador, Bahia, for coronary angiography, was 34.3%.

Estudou-se a ciclagem de nutrientes de duas formações florestais ("floresta baixa", com dossel atingindo 15 m de altura, e "floresta alta", 25 m de altura), características dos cordões arenosos da planície litorânea da Ilha do Mel, Paranaguá, Paraná, de 14 de junho de 1991 a 12 de junho de 1993. Nesta primeira parte, foram analisadas as características químicas e físicas dos solos, relacionando-as com o meio físico e com o material de origem. Os solos foram classificados como podzóis, distróficos e álicos, fortemente ácidos, de textura arenosa, estando a profundidade do horizonte B iluvial relacionada com a faixa de oscilação do lençol freático. Nas duas áreas, os solos apresentam fertilidade semelhante, caracterizando-se pela baixa CTC, alto potencial de lixiviação, fazendo com que a matéria orgânica seja a principal responsável pela retenção de íons no solo. Ocorrem, também, dois compartimentos distintos de nutrientes, um no horizonte A1 e outro no B iluvial. Embora a fertilidade dos solos seja considerada bastante baixa, a vegetação apresenta-se bem desenvolvida. As diferenças no desenvolvimento entre as duas florestas estudadas podem estar relacionadas com a disponibilidade de água e de nutrientes do horizonte B. Na floresta alta, tanto o lençol freático como o horizonte B estão mais próximos da superfície, possibilitando que essa formação esteja menos sujeita ao estresse hídrico, além de poder aproveitar, mais facilmente, os nutrientes acumulados no horizonte B.

The nutrient cycling of two types of vegetation, (a "low forest" - 15 m of height, and a "short forest" - 25 m of height), characteristic of the sandy belts on the Coastal Plains of Ilha do Mel was studied, from June 14th, 1991 to June 12th, 1993. In this first step the soil's chemical and physical characteristics were studied, in relation to the physical environment and the parent material. The soils were classified as allic/dystrophic podzols, where the B spodic horizon's depth is related to the oscilating watertable. Organic matter is the main cause for the retention of ions in the soil. The soils from the two areas are similar in fertility level, characterized by the low CEC, high leaching potential, high acidity, distrophic and alic. Although the soils fertility may be considered very low, the vegetation is well developed. The differences between the forests types may be related to the water and nutrient availability in the B horizon. In the "tall forest", the watertable and the B horizon are closer to the surface, being less subject to the water stress and having more ability to utilize the nutrient availability in this horizon.