SUMMARY A 71-year-old woman with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was referred to our hospital. A computed tomography scan revealed extensive recurrence in the neck, invading sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, sternal end of the clavicle, strap muscle and skin; and lateral compartment and subclavian lymph nodes were also involved. Multiple pulmonary micrometastases also noticed. The tumor was considered unresectable; however, the patient was unwilling to accept highly invasive surgery. Therefore, we initiated neoadjuvant therapy with anlotinib, 12mg p.o. daily with a 2-week on/1-week off regimen. The tumor shrunk to resectable state after 4 cycles of treatment, and after 3 weeks of withdrawal, successful surgical resection without gross tumor residual was performed. Pathology confirmed as classic PTC harboring coexistent TERT promoter and BRAFV600E mutations by NGS. After anlotinib therapy, apoptosis induction was observed, and proliferation increased, which was due to three weeks of anlotinib withdraw. Structual recurrence was recorded at 6 months after operation due to no further treatment was taken. Our finding suggests that anlotinib could represent as a good treatment option for patients with locally advanced (with or without distant metastasis) PTC; Anlotinib treatment resulted in sufficient reduction of the tumor mass to enable total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment, providing long-term control of the disease.

Abstract Objective: In 2015, American Thyroid Association (ATA) issued the first version of Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the ATA pediatric guidelines recommended surgical approach for the patient can be applied to surgical treatment of pediatric PTC in China. Method: From April 2012 to December 2020, clinical data of children (≤18 years) with PTC consecutively admitted and treated with initial surgery in the study’s department were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The authors found that the central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) rate was significantly higher than that in the lateral neck (83.33 % vs 62.96%, χ2 = 5.704, p = 0.017) .The lymph node metastasis rate was significantly lower in cN1b (-) patients than in cN1b (+) patient (55.00% vs 100.00%, χ2 = 15.263, p = 0.000); Meanwhile, the CLNM and LLNM rates of ipsilateral were significantly higher than those of contralateral central compartment (83.33༅vs 57.41༅%, χ2 = 8.704, p = 0.003). Lymph nodes of 51 lateral lymph node dissection (LND) were analyzed, which revealed the LNM rate of cN1b (-) patients was significantly lower than that of cN1b (+) patients (55.00% vs. 100.00%, χ2 = 15.263, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Children and adolescents have a higher rate of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis. TT should be conducted in the majority of children with PTC. CND should be routinely performed; therapeutic LND is recommended for children with cN1b (+).

Locked mode instability in the HL-1M tokamak has been investigated in this paper. In the HL-1M tokamak the mode lock instability often appears in with low density discharges (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/bjp/v32n1/27eq01.gif" align="absMiddle"> < 1 × 10(19) m-3). The precursor perturbations on both soft-X rays and Mirnov signals simultaneously increase before mode locking. Their frequencies are the same and gradually decease, which indicate that the perturbation is global. Their existence time-scale is about 10ms. The plasma will suddenly stop rotating when the fluctuation amplitude or frequency reaches a threshold. Mode lock instability can often cause major disruptions. The rotation frequency is decreased to about 3kHz before mode locking in the HL-1M tokamak, which is consistent with the theoretical model.