Students, generally, are afraid of studying chemistry because they understand that it is a very complex area of knowledge and that it doesn’t has use in daily lives and in intended profession, which is a problem we identified in a Civil Engineering course. With this, we proposed a project in this course, based on educational robotics and educational cooperation, with the intention to form a group of students and a teacher to make a robot involving chemical knowledge in civil construction. The group made a robot, using an Arduino kit and material recycling, to identify electrochemical corrosion in concrete structures. We conducted a case study about the group through the analysis of gestures, products made, and notes in a notebook, from which two cooperative categories emerged: planning and application. From these categories, we identified that the students had their cognitive structures unbalanced by difficult situations, trials, errors, and diverse knowledge. The formation of a new equilibrium condition resulted from individual and social developments in constant interdependence, allowing the joint construction of knowledge, whose complexity increased during the process and culminated in the realization of the robot. All these aspects characterized cooperative learning.

Resumo: Este artigo discute diferentes significados de colaboração e cooperação com base em conceitos piagetianos e freireanos, entre outros. Apresentamos também uma proposta de ressignificação desses termos na educação, que resultou em dois processos: colaboração educativa e cooperação educativa. Combinando colaboração educativa com robótica pedagógica, estudantes universitários e um professor partiram do contexto da construção civil para projetarem um robô, que pudesse identificar corrosão eletroquímica em estruturas de concreto. Duas categorias emergiram desse processo (dúvidas e sugestões) e foram analisadas em sua forma e conteúdo por um método de pesquisa proposto em três etapas, fundamentadas na colaboração educativa: razão hierárquica, razão categórica e análise qualitativa subcategórica. A colaboração educativa culminou em aprendizagem colaborativa, demonstrando ser um método de ensino contextualizado em que há participação ativa dos alunos. A aprendizagem colaborativa foi evidenciada pela construção conjunta de conhecimentos para confeccionar o robô, sendo resultado do reequilíbrio entre fatores individuais e sociais.

Abstract: This paper discusses different meanings of collaboration and cooperation based on Piagetian and Freirean concepts among others. We also present a proposal for resignification of these terms in education, which resulted in two processes: educational collaboration and educational cooperation. By combining educational collaboration with pedagogical robotics, university students and a professor started with the context of civil construction to design a robot that was able to identify electrochemical corrosion in concrete structures. Two categories emerged from this process (questions and suggestions) and were analyzed in their form and content through a scientific research method proposed in three stages, based on educational collaboration: hierarchical ratio, categorical ratio and subcategorical qualitative analysis. The educational collaboration culminated in collaborative learning and proved to be a contextualized teaching method in which there is active student participation. Collaborative learning was evidenced by joint construction of knowledge to construct the robot, a result of the rebalance between individual and social factors.

Resumo: O Currículo de Referência do Sistema de Educação do Estado de Goiás originou-se do documento “Pacto pela Educação” publicado pela Secretaria de Educação de Goiás, estabelecendo como objetivo a definição de currículo mínimo para o Ensino Básico. Este é um trabalho que apresenta uma análise do Currículo Referência de Química, demonstrando sua afinidade com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Educação Básica, com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio de Ciências da Natureza e com o perfil curricular elaborado pelos autores Jonnaert, Ettayebi e Defise. As análises demonstram que o currículo de Química é um programa de ensino com várias fragilidades que contradizem o discurso de sua proposta.

Abstract: The Reference Curriculum of State Education System of Goiás originated from the document “Pact for Education”, published by the Secretary of Education of Goiás, establishing as a goal the definition of a “minimum curriculum” for the Basic Education and High School. This work presents an analysis of the Reference Curriculum of Chemistry, demonstrating its affinity with the National Curricular Guidelines for Basic Education and High School, with the National Curricular Parameters for High School of Natural Sciences and with the curricular profile by authors Jonnaert, Ettayebi and Defise. The analyses show that the Chemistry curriculum is a teaching program with several fragilities that contradict the discourse of its proposal.