Abstract Cnesterodon hypselurus is a small fish that has a restricted distribution in southern Brazil, including headwaters of the Tibagi and Itararé river basins (Upper Paraná River). This study reported C. hypselurus in a headwater of Cinzas River basin, where there were no previous records of this species, and employed microsatellite loci and mitochondrial haplotypes in a population genetic analysis. A total of 57 specimens was analyzed, including 30 from Cinzas River basin, 25 from Itararé River basin and two from Tibagi River basin. Results indicated low genetic diversity levels (HE = 0.334 and h = 0.246) for the sample from Cinzas River, suggesting reflections of a founder effect after the species had dispersed from one watershed to another, possibly by headwater captures. Since different populations were detected between the Cinzas and Itararé rivers (DEST = 0.248, P-value < 0.05) and other occurrence sites are still unknown in the Cinzas River basin, the data herein have great relevance and should be taken into account in future management and conservation actions, as well as in evolutionary studies of C. hypselurus.

Resumo Cnesterodon hypselurus é um pequeno peixe que possui distribuição restrita no sul do Brasil, incluindo cabeceiras das bacias dos rios Tibagi e Itararé (alto rio Paraná). Este estudo reportou C. hypselurus na cabeceira da bacia do rio das Cinzas, onde não havia registros prévios desta espécie, e empregou locos microssatélites e haplótipos mitocondriais em uma análise genética de populações. Um total de 57 espécimes foi analisado, incluindo 30 do rio das Cinzas, 25 da bacia do rio Itararé e dois da bacia do rio Tibagi. Os resultados indicaram baixos níveis de diversidade genética (HE = 0,334 e h = 0,246) para a amostra do rio das Cinzas, sugerindo reflexos de um efeito fundador após a espécie ter dispersado de uma bacia para a outra, possivelmente a partir de captura de cabeceiras. Uma vez que diferentes populações foram detectadas entre os rios das Cinzas e Itararé (DEST = 0,248, valor de P < 0,05) e que outros pontos de ocorrência ainda são desconhecidos na bacia do rio das Cinzas, os dados do presente estudo mostram grande relevância e deveriam ser considerados em futuras ações de manejo e conservação, bem como em estudos evolutivos de C. hypselurus.

Abstract Located in the port area of Rio de Janeiro, the Morro da Providência plays a central role in the usual analyses of the development of the favelas in the city. Generally associated with the arrival of troops returning from the Canudos War in the mid-1890s, the formation of the community that settled there has often been taken as the starting point of the phenomenon that would come to define the stigmas that have marked this type of informal housing in the city’s hills ever since. Since they are thought primarily from the perspective of the State, however, these analyses leave aside the experience of other groups involved in this history, such as the low-income workers who began to see that hill as an alternative for a home from the second half of the 19th century on. By following their experience, this article intends to bring new elements to think about the process of social construction of that space throughout that period.

Resumo Localizado na região portuária do Rio de Janeiro, o Morro da Providência tem papel central nas análises habituais sobre a formação das favelas na cidade. Associada em geral à chegada das tropas que voltavam da Guerra de Canudos, em meados da década de 1890, a formação da comunidade ali instalada foi muitas vezes tomada como ponto de início do fenômeno que viria a definir os estigmas que marcam, desde então, esse tipo de moradia informal nos morros da cidade. Por serem pensadas prioritariamente a partir da perspectiva do Estado, no entanto, tais análises deixaram de lado a experiência de outros sujeitos envolvidos nesta história, como os trabalhadores de baixa renda que passaram a ver naquele morro uma alternativa de moradia a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. Ao acompanhar sua experiência, este artigo pretende trazer novos elementos para pensar o processo de construção social daquele espaço ao longo daquele período.

ABSTRACT The use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for air and terrestrial navigation and for many applications is increasing in the last decades. However, the Earth’s ionosphere causes GNSS signal delay due to the total electron content (TEC) and scintillation in the signal phase and amplitude. This scintillation can give rise to deleterious effects in the GNSS positioning. So, it is important to assess the effects of the ionosphere over the GNSS signal. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to have a large spatial and temporal coverage of data from many different sounders, being the GNSS receivers of great importance due to their global coverage and availability. In this work, we present a retrospective of the scintillation monitoring networks in Brazil and their characteristics. As the RBMC network managed by the IBGE provides TEC and as rate of TEC index (ROTI) is well correlated with ionospheric irregularities, we present also the RBMC network description. These RBMC GNSS receivers provide data in regions with scarcity of scintillation monitors. The description of the Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring Receivers (ISMR) Query Tool, that is a web software that has been supporting research on the ISMR data, is also presented. (GNSS decades However Earths Earth s (TEC amplitude positioning So goal sounders availability work characteristics ROTI (ROTI irregularities monitors (ISMR Tool presented

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the efficacy of utilizing wastewater from fish farming tanks for fertigating lettuce crops as an alternative to inappropriate disposal methods. A randomized block experimental design was employed in a 3 x 8 factorial scheme, comprising three treatments: two varying percentages of wastewater (50% and 100%), alongside a control treatment employing only well water, with eight replications each. The trial was conducted in a field under protected cultivation, within a low tunnel-type structure. Biometric parameters of the lettuce plants were analyzed, including stem diameter, plant height, stem length, head diameter, root length, leaf fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stem fresh matter, stem dry matter, root fresh matter, root dry matter, leaf count, fresh shoot mass, and commercial productivity. Significant results were observed with the application of 100% wastewater treatment up to 20 days after transplanting (DAT), particularly for the biometric variables: plant head diameter (average 37.4 cm) and leaf count (average 13.7 units) at 36 DAT, of crisp lettuce Grand Rapids loose leaf seedlings. The reuse of wastewater during the experiment showed promising potential in replacing chemical fertilizers throughout the crop cycle. This practice facilitates the repurposing of water from fish farming, providing farmers with an alternative income source during the fish development phase, and mitigates improper wastewater disposal.

High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) has demonstrated its effectiveness as a potential material for applications in severe environments due to its remarkable wear resistance attributed to the volumetric fraction of carbides in the microstructure. This study investigates a novel high-alloyed composition of white cast iron named High Entropy White Cast Iron (HEWCI), which merges the concepts of HCCI and high entropy alloys. Specifically designed chemical compositions incorporating Vanadium (V), Molybdenum (Mo), and Nickel (Ni) were employed to enhance its wear resistance properties. The solidification path, microstructural characterization, and wear responses of HEWCI were evaluated. XRD and SEM techniques were carried out for characterization purposes. Linearly reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding wear tests were conducted using a high-frequency reciprocation rig (HFRR) tribometer, assessing wear volume, linear wear rate, specific wear rate (κ), and coefficient of friction (COF). The results revealed microstructural refinement and precipitation of new carbides through V, Ni, and Mo additions. This approach demonstrates that adding carbide-forming elements and refining the microstructure are promising strategies for enhancing wear performance in HEWCI alloys.

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several heart conditions have been associated with CKD, including myocardial and pericardial diseases. This paper describes a case of Dialysis-related constrictive pericarditis in a patient diagnosed with sudden hypotension during a hemodialysis session. A 65-year-old man diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cirrhosis on hemodialysis for two years complained of symptoms during one of his sessions described as malaise, lipothymia, and confusion. The patient had a record of poor compliance with the prescribed diet and missed dialysis sessions. He was sluggish during the physical examination, and presented hypophonetic heart sounds, a blood pressure of 50/30mmHg, and a prolonged capillary refill time. The patient was referred to the intensive care unit and was started on antibiotics and vasoactive drugs. His workup did not show signs of infection, while electrocardiography showed low QRS-wave voltage. His echocardiogram showed signs consistent with a thickened pericardium without pericardial effusion. Cardiac catheterization showed equalization of diastolic pressures in all heart chambers indicative of constrictive pericarditis. The patient underwent a pericardiectomy. Examination of surgical specimens indicated he had marked fibrosis and areas of dystrophic calcification without evidence of infection, consistent with Dialysis-related constrictive pericarditis. Hypotension for unknown causes must be considered in the differential diagnosis of dialysis patients.

RESUMO A doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morte em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Várias formas de acometimento cardíaco têm sido associadas. à DRC, incluindo doenças miocárdicas e pericárdicas. Este artigo descreve um caso de pericardite constritiva relacionada a em um paciente diagnosticado com hipotensão súbita durante uma sessão de hemodiálise. Um homem de 65 anos com diagnósticos prévios de hipertensão, diabetes, obesidade e cirrose em hemodiálise por dois anos queixou-se de sintomas durante uma de suas sessões, descritos como mal-estar, lipotímia e confusão mental. Apresentava histórico de baixa adesão à dieta prescrita e faltas frequentes às sessões de diálise. Ele estava fraco durante o exame físico e apresentava bulhas cardíacas hipofonéticas, pressão arterial de 50/30mmHg e tempo de enchimento capilar prolongado. O paciente foi encaminhado para a unidade de terapia intensiva e iniciou o tratamento com antibióticos e drogas vasoativas. Investigação laboratorial não mostrou sinais de infecção, enquanto o eletrocardiograma mostrou baixa voltagem de complexo QRS. Seu ecocardiograma evidenciou sinais consistentes com um pericárdio espessado, sem derrame pericárdico. O cateterismo cardíaco mostrou equalização das pressões diastólicas em todas as câmaras cardíacas, indicativo de pericardite constritiva. O paciente foi submetido a uma pericardiectomia. O exame anatomopatológico mostrou sinais de acentuada fibrose acentuada fibrose e áreas de calcificação distrófica sem evidência de infecção, consistente com pericardite constritiva relacionada a por diálise. A hipotensão por causas desconhecidas deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes em diálise.

Resumen Objetivo: Documentar la evidencia de la conciliación de medicamentos dirigida por farmacéuticos en los servicios de emergencia hospitalarios en Brasil. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria de bases de datos electrónicas LILACS, Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, REBEC y Cochrane para identificar estudios publicados hasta el 20 de octubre de 2021. Los estudios incluidos abordaban la conciliación de medicamentos dirigida por farmacéuticos en los servicios de emergencia hospitalarios en Brasil, independientemente de las condiciones clínicas y los resultados evaluados. Resultados: Se recuperaron un total de 168 estudios, tres de los cuales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios realizaban la conciliación de la medicación dirigida por el farmacéutico en las admisiones al servicio de urgencias, pero ésta no era la principal atribución farmacéutica en ese contexto. Los errores de medicación fueron identificados durante el proceso de conciliación de medicamentos, siendo la omisión de medicamentos el error más reportado. Los estudios no hacían referencia a la importancia de recabar un historial farmacológico lo más completo posible ni a los resultados humanísticos, económicos y clínicos de la conciliación de medicamentos dirigida por farmacéuticos. Conclusiones: Esta revisión sistemática exploratoria reveló la falta de evidencia sobre el proceso de conciliación de medicamentos dirigido por farmacéuticos en los servicios de urgencias de Brasil. Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de seguir investigando sobre este asunto.

Abstract Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the evidence of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in hospital emergency services in Brazil. Method: We performed a scoping review by searching electronic databases LILACS, Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical trials, REBEC e Cochrane and conducting a manual search to identify studies published up to 20 October 2021. Studies that addressed pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in hospital emergency services in Brazil, regardless of clinical conditions, and outcomes evaluated, were included. Results: A total of 168 studies were retrieved, with three matching the inclusion criteria. Most studies performed pharmacist-led medication reconciliation at emergency department admissions, but it was not the primary pharmaceutical attribution in this setting. Medication errors were identified during the medication reconciliation process, being drug omission the most reported. Studies did not describe the concerns in collecting the best medication history from patients and the humanistic, economic, and clinical outcomes of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation. Conclusions: This scoping review revealed the lack of evidence about the pharmacist-led medication reconciliation process in the emergency setting in Brazil. The findings suggest the need for future studies in this context.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever o perfil de utilização de medicamentos e de adesão, e a associação com as características clínicas e sociodemográficas de gestantes de alto risco atendidas em um hospital universitário. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados coletados mediante um questionário estruturado aplicado à 386 gestantes. Resultados: a maior parte das participantes era acompanhada apenas pelo ginecologista (75,1%), iniciou o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre gestacional (86,8%), não planejou a gravidez (61,9%) e realizou em média 8,2 (DP=4,4) consultas de pré-natal. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram hipertensão arterial (20,5%) e diabetes mellitus (19,7%). A prevalência de uso de medicamentos foi 99,7%, com média de 5,1 (DP=2,1) medicamentos por mulher e 12,7% de automedicação. Os antianêmicos (88,9%) e analgésicos (63,2%) foram as classes farmacológicas mais prevalentes e 17,9% das gestantes referiram uso de fármacos com risco gestacional relevante. Apenas 36,5% das gestantes foram consideradas aderentes ao tratamento, 32,9% declararam desconhecer a indicação dos medicamentos em uso e 42% não receberam orientações sobre o uso de medicamentos durante a gestação. Não há evidências de associação entre o número de medicamentos utilizados e os aspectos clínicos e sociodemográficos. Conclusão: é necessário desenvolver estratégias para melhorar o atendimento desta população e o uso racional de medicamentos, com ênfase no fortalecimento do cuidado multiprofssional.

Abstract Objectives: describe the profile of medication use and adherence, and the association with clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of high-risk pregnant women attended at a university hospital. Methods: cross-sectional study with data collected through a questionnaire applied on 386 pregnant women. Results: most participants were seen only by the gynecologist (75.1%), started prenatal in the first gestational trimester (86.8%), did not plan the pregnancy (61.9%), and performed an average of 8.2 (SD=4.4) prenatal consultations. The most frequent diagnoses were arterial hypertension (20.5%) and diabetes mellitus (19.7%). Prevalence of medication use was 99.7%, with an average of 5.1 (SD=2.1) medication per woman and 12.7% self-medication. Antianemics (88.9%) and analgesics (63.2%) were the most prevalent classes and 17.9% of the women reported the use of medication with significant gestational risk. Only 36.5% were considered adherent, 32.9% declared they were unaware of the indication of the medication in use and 42% did not receive guidance on the use of the medication during pregnancy. There is no evidence of association between the number of the medication used and clinical and sociodemographic aspects. Conclusions: there is a need to develop strategies to improve the care of this population, with emphasis on strengthening multi-professional care.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar los eventos adversos en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) potencialmente relacionados con el uso de medicamentos empleados para profilaxis o tratamiento de la COVID-19, y caracterizar a las personas afectadas. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria a partir de una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS). Se incluyeron estudios de personas que emplearon medicamentos con fines profilácticos o curativos para la COVID-19 y presentaron al menos un evento adverso en el SNC. Se excluyeron los artículos en los cuales se notificaron eventos adversos en el SNC potencialmente relacionados con medicamentos para tratar otros problemas de salud. Resultados. Se recuperaron 1 547 artículos, de los cuales ocho cumplieron con los criterios de admisibilidad. Siete estudios tuvieron un diseño observacional. Se analizaron 3 035 personas, de las cuales 1 701 eran profesionales de salud y 1 978, mujeres. El tratamiento más utilizado fue el curativo (n = 5), con hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir y azitromicina. Los eventos adversos comúnmente citados fueron dolor de cabeza, mareos, trastornos del estado de ánimo y somnolencia. El suicidio fue el evento grave más frecuente. Seis eventos inesperados (mioclonías, temblor, trastorno de la marcha, disgeusia, hiperhidrosis y desasosiego) guardaron relación con el empleo de hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina y doxiciclina. Conclusión. Los eventos adversos del SNC fueron inespecíficos y, en general, posiblemente estuvieron relacionados con el uso de hidroxicloroquina (sola o combinada) para el tratamiento curativo de la COVID-19. Los datos corroboran la relación desfavorable de riesgo/beneficio de esos medicamentos en la prevención y el manejo de los signos y síntomas de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify central nervous system (CNS) adverse events potentially associated with prophylaxis or drug treatment for COVID-19, and to describe the characteristic of the individuals affected. Methods. A scoping review was performed using a search strategy to retrieve articles from PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL and BVS databases. Studies reporting on individuals receiving prophylactic or curative drugs for COVID-19 with at least one CNS adverse event were included. Articles reporting on CNS adverse events associated with medication for other health conditions were excluded. Results. The search retrieved 1 547 articles, eight of which met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies had an observational design. A total of 3 035 individuals were assessed, of whom 1 701 were health care professionals and 1 978 were women. Curative treatment with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and azithromycin was the most frequent (n = 5). The most common adverse events were headache, dizziness, mood disturbances, and drowsiness. Suicide was the most frequent severe event. Six adverse events were unexpected for hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and doxycycline. Conclusion. Potential CNS adverse events were unspecific and in general potentially associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine (monotherapy or associated with antibiotics). The data confirm the unfavorable risk/benefit profile of these drugs for the prevention and management of signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central (SNC) potencialmente associados ao uso de medicamentos para profilaxia ou tratamento da COVID-19, bem como caracterizar os indivíduos acometidos. Métodos. Desenvolveu-se uma revisão de escopo a partir de estratégia de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram incluídos estudos com indivíduos que utilizaram medicamentos como medida profilática ou curativa para COVID-19 e que apresentaram ao menos um evento adverso no SNC. Foram excluídos os artigos que reportaram eventos adversos no SNC potencialmente associados a medicamentos para outras condições de saúde. Resultados. Recuperaram-se 1 547 artigos, dos quais oito atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Em sete estudos, o desenho foi do tipo observacional. Foram analisados 3 035 indivíduos, dos quais 1 701 eram profissionais da saúde e 1 978, mulheres. A terapia mais utilizada foi a curativa (n = 5), com hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir e azitromicina. Os eventos adversos comumente descritos foram dor de cabeça, tontura, distúrbios de humor e sonolência. Suicídio foi o evento grave mais frequente. Seis eventos foram inesperados para hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina e doxiciclina (mioclonias, tremor, distúrbio de marcha, disgeusia, hiperidrose e inquietação). Conclusão. Os eventos adversos no SNC foram inespecíficos e, geralmente, potencialmente associados ao uso de hidroxicloroquina em monoterapia ou em associação para tratamento curativo da COVID-19. Os dados corroboram a relação desfavorável de risco/benefício desses medicamentos na prevenção e no manejo dos sinais e sintomas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of and characterize the use of psychoactive drugs among drug users in a Brazilian municipality, relating the findings to factors associated with the consumption of these substances. Through a cross-sectional design, 1,355 drug users from the public health systems community pharmacies were interviewed. Sociodemographic and health-related data were collected, as well as any other prescribed drugs. The prevalence of psychoactive drug use within the last month was 31.0%, with antidepressants and benzodiazepines being the most prescribed (53.5% and 24.6% respectively). Most psychoactive drug users were female (81.9%), lived with a partner (52.6%), had private health insurance (69.2%) and a monthly per-capita income up to one minimum wage (54.0%). The adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) confirmed the following factors to be positively associated with the use of psychoactive drugs: female gender (OR=2.06; 95% CI 1.44; 2.95), age ≥60 years old (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.26; 2.48), follow-up with a psychologist (OR=4.12; 95% CI 1.84; 5.25), absence of regular physical activity (OR=1.59; 95% CI 1.13; 2.23), and smokers (OR=1.94; 95% CI 1.26; 2.97). Approximately one out of three individuals used at least one psychoactive drug. Health managers should focus the planning and actions aimed at their rational use for these groups, leading to increased overall treatment success.

ABSTRACT The air traffic environment is a complex system that involves several players. Between the air navigation service provider (ANPS) and the final client, many different organizations act with different purposes but are strongly interfaced. Changes and modifications in terms of technology, predefined process, or personnel are constantly needed, requiring coordination among the stakeholders. However, due to the high level of interaction between the players, any change in a complex system like the air traffic environment requires risk management. This paper demonstrates the suitability and advantages of the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes/Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STAMP/STPA) method to be applied to the risk assessment of an operational air traffic modification. The method, which had never been used on an air traffic problem in Brazil before, was applied considering the implementation of segregated simultaneous operation at the Guarulhos International Airport. The results were proven to be effective in terms of deriving useful safety requirements. From such demonstration, STAMP/STPA can be considered as a feasible alternative to the brainstorming method currently applied for risk assessment and generation of safety requirements regarding modifications in the structure of the air traffic services (ATS) in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a experiência da implantação do cuidado farmacêutico em uma unidade hospitalar de geriatria e propor um protocolo instrutivo da prática. Métodos: Relato de experiência que se converteu no manual da prática do cuidado farmacêutico na geriatria (MaP-CFarmaGeri) de um hospital brasileiro e foi estruturado em três tópicos (1. Diagnóstico situacional; 2. Adequação do procedimento e oferta do serviço; 3. Exercício da prática). Resultados: O diagnóstico situacional compreendeu o levantamento dos dados sobre a estrutura da enfermaria e o perfil epidemiológico. Os serviços farmacêuticos ofertados incluíram o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, com a conciliação de medicamentos e a revisão da farmacoterapia. A certificação do conteúdo desse procedimento foi atestada por especialistas de uma equipe multiprofissional e a técnica atendeu mais de 60 pacientes na prática, com boa aceitação dos participantes. Considerações finais: O MaP-CFarmaGeri mostrou ser uma estratégia satisfatória na implantação do cuidado farmacêutico na geriatria e pode amparar essa inserção em locais semelhantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experience of the implementation of pharmaceutical care in a geriatric hospital unit and to propose an instructional protocol for the practice. Methods: Experience report that became the practice manual of pharmaceutical care in geriatrics (MaP-CFarmaGeri) of a Brazilian hospital and was structured in three topics (1. Situational diagnosis; 2. Adequacy of the procedure and service provision; 3. Practice exercise). Results: The situational diagnosis comprised the collection of data on the structure of the ward and the epidemiological profile. The pharmaceutical services provided included pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, medication reconciliation and pharmacotherapy review. The certification of the content of this procedure was attested by specialists from a multiprofessional team and the technique served more than 60 patients in practice, with good acceptance by the participants. Final considerations: The MaP-CFarmaGeri proved to be a satisfactory strategy in the implementation of pharmaceutical care in geriatrics and can support this insertion in similar locations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de implementar la atención farmacéutica en una unidad hospitalaria geriátrica y proponer un protocolo instructivo para la práctica. Métodos: Informe de experiencia que se convirtió en el manual de la práctica de la atención farmacéutica en geriatría (MaP-CFarmaGeri) de un hospital brasileño y se estructuró en tres temas (1. Diagnóstico situacional; 2. Adecuación del procedimiento y prestación del servicio; 3. Ejercicio de práctica). Resultados: El diagnóstico situacional comprendió el relevamiento de datos sobre la estructura de la sala y el perfil epidemiológico. Los servicios farmacéuticos ofrecidos incluyeron seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, conciliación de medicamentos y revisión de farmacoterapia. La certificación del contenido de este procedimiento fue certificada por especialistas de un equipo multidisciplinario y la técnica trató a más de 60 pacientes en la práctica, con buena aceptación por parte de los participantes. Consideraciones finales: El MaP-CFarmaGeri demostró ser una estrategia satisfactoria en la implementación de la atención farmacéutica en geriatría y puede apoyar esta inserción en lugares similares.

Resumo Introdução A dor é um dos principais sintomas preva-lentes na maioria das patologias. A estimulação elétrica ervosa transcutânea (TENS) se apresenta não apenas como medida terapêutica, como também um meio de quantificar a percepção neurossensitiva e dolorosa em pacientes com dores crônicas. Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre sexo e idade com os limiares neurossensitivos (limiar sensitivo e limiar de tolerância) na aplicação da corrente terapêutica TENS, em pacientes com dores crônicas. Métodos Foram selecionados 45 pacientes com dores crônicas (30 mulheres), com idade entre 24 e 87 anos. Cada paciente respondeu ao Questionário Individual, ao Questionário McGill de Dor (MPQ) e ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Posteriormente, aplicou-se a corrente elétrica TENS, pela qual foram analisados o limiar sensitivo e doloroso, bem como a percepção de acionamento das vias neurossensitivas para cada indivíduo. Os dados foram analisados pelo pacote SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Resultados Não houve correlação significativa (p > 0,05) entre possível diagnós-tico depressivo e a percepção da corrente pelos limiares de sensibilidade e dor. Em relação ao sexo, houve diferença significativa nos limiares sensitivos (p = 0,003) entre homens e mulheres. Já para a queixa de dor e limiar de dor, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os sexos (p > 0,05). Para as análises correlacionais, identificou-se correlação significativa (p = 0,05) entre as variáveis de índice de massa corporal e limiar de tolerância à dor (r = 0,68) para o sexo feminino e idade e limiar sensitivo (r = 0,65) paro o sexo masculino. Conclusão As diferenças identificadas entre os limiares de sensibilidade entre os sexos, onde as mulheres identificaram o estímulo elétrico significativamente primeiro que os homens, podem auxiliar nas doses de intensidade ou tipo de corrente terapêutica dos pacientes.

Abstract Introduction Pain is one of the main symptoms prevalent in most pathologies. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) represents not only a therapeutic measure, but also a mean to quantify the neurosensory and pain perception in patients with chronic pain. Objective To evaluate the relationship between sex and age with neurosensory thresholds (sensory threshold and tolerance threshold) in the application of therapeutic current in patients with chronic pain. Methods Forty-five patients with chronic pain (30 women and 15 men) aged between 24 and 87 years were selected. Each patient answered the Individual Questionnaire, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Subsequently, the electric current was applied, through which the sensory and pain thresholds were analyzed, as well as the perception of activation of the neurosensory pathways for each individual. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Results There was no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between a possible depressive diagnosis and the perception of current by the sensory and pain thresholds. Regarding sex, there was a significant difference in sensory thresholds (p = 0.003) between men and women, while no statistical differences were observed between sexes for pain complaint and pain threshold (p > 0.05). For the correlational analysis, a significant correlation (p = 0.05) was identified between the variables BMI and pain tolerance threshold (r = 0.68) for females and age and sensory threshold (r = 0.65) for males. Conclusion The sex and age variables are important in the measurement of TENS parameters because they lead to significant differences in sensory and pain thresholds.

Abstract Brazilian pharmacists’ education and training aims to prepare them for the various activities they will undertake during professional practice, especially in the national health system (SUS). By using an exploratory transversal study based on a validated questionnaire, we have characterized the educational and training background of pharmacists working in SUS municipal units in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, and the frequency with which these professionals carry out several activities. Pharmacists working in these municipal outpatient units (N=44) graduated between 1981 and 2014 (56.8% of them graduated from public state or federal institutions), are predominantly female (84%), and are aged 25-57 years; 34% of these pharmacists have a “Generalist” degree, and 90.9% attended postgraduate programs, mostly specialization (75%). All the pharmacists pointed out the need for continuing education. The frequency with which they carry out activities varies, but those involving direct contact with patients predominate. Consultations, therapeutic follow-up, case discussions, and health promotion activities take place only occasionally. We concluded that pharmacists who work in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, SP, are very much involved with dispensing, but not with health education or pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, so investing in education and training in these areas is necessary.