RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o fluxo espacial da assistência de pacientes em terapia dialítica nas regionais de saúde do estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que teve como população pacientes incidentes em terapia dialítica em instituições públicas, filantrópicas ou que tiveram seu tratamento custeado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em clínicas privadas conveniadas, no estado de Minas Gerais. Os pacientes foram agregados por regional de saúde de residência. Foram calculadas as proporções de pacientes que fizeram diálise, bem como a inscrição na lista de transplante renal em sua própria região de residência ou fora dela. Estimadas as correlações de Person destas proporções com indicadores socioeconômicos e assistenciais das regionais de saúde. Técnicas exploratórias espaciais estimaram coeficientes de correlação espacial geral (I de Moran) e local (LISA). Resultados: Regiões com maior PIB apresentaram maior razão de nefrologistas e maior proporção de inscrições na própria região de residência. Identificou-se um cluster de regiões com PIB baixo mais ao nordeste do estado (também com valores mais baixos de razão de nefrologistas), um cluster de alta proporção de inscritos na lista de transplante no centro do estado, e um cluster de baixa proporção de diálise na mesma região de residência mais ao sudeste. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se disparidades regionais em relação à proporção de inscritos na lista de espera para o transplante renal, proporção de pacientes que realizavam diálise na mesma região de residência e proporção de pacientes inscritos na lista de espera para o transplante renal na mesma região de residência.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial flow of care for patients undergoing dialysis therapy in the health regions of the State of Minas Gerais. Methods: Ecological study whose population was patients undergoing dialysis therapy in public, philanthropic institutions or whose treatment was paid for by the Unified Health System in private clinics in partnership, in the State of Minas Gerais. Patients were grouped by health region of residence. The proportions of patients who underwent dialysis were calculated, as well as enrollment on the kidney transplant list in their own region of residence or outside it. Person correlations of these proportions with socioeconomic and care indicators of the health regions were estimated. Spatial exploratory techniques estimated general (Moran’s I) and local (LISA) spatial correlation coefficients. Results: Regions with higher GDP had a higher number of nephrologists and a higher proportion of registrations in the region of residence. A cluster of regions with low GDP was identified further to the northeast of the State (also with lower nephrologist ratio values), a cluster with a high proportion of those registered on the transplant list in the center of the State, and a cluster with a low proportion of dialysis in the same region of residence further southeast. Conclusion: Regional disparities were evident in relation to the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation, the proportion of patients undergoing dialysis in the same region of residence and the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in the same region of residence. residence.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial flow of care for patients undergoing dialysis therapy in the health regions of the State of Minas Gerais. Methods: Ecological study whose population was patients undergoing dialysis therapy in public, philanthropic institutions or whose treatment was paid for by the Unified Health System in private clinics in partnership, in the State of Minas Gerais. Patients were grouped by health region of residence. The proportions of patients who underwent dialysis were calculated, as well as enrollment on the kidney transplant list in their own region of residence or outside it. Person correlations of these proportions with socioeconomic and care indicators of the health regions were estimated. Spatial exploratory techniques estimated general (Moran’s I) and local (LISA) spatial correlation coefficients. Results: Regions with higher GDP had a higher number of nephrologists and a higher proportion of registrations in the region of residence. A cluster of regions with low GDP was identified further to the northeast of the State (also with lower nephrologist ratio values), a cluster with a high proportion of those registered on the transplant list in the center of the State, and a cluster with a low proportion of dialysis in the same region of residence further southeast. Conclusion: Regional disparities were evident in relation to the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation, the proportion of patients undergoing dialysis in the same region of residence and the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in the same region of residence. residence.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o fluxo espacial da assistência de pacientes em terapia dialítica nas regionais de saúde do estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que teve como população pacientes incidentes em terapia dialítica em instituições públicas, filantrópicas ou que tiveram seu tratamento custeado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em clínicas privadas conveniadas, no estado de Minas Gerais. Os pacientes foram agregados por regional de saúde de residência. Foram calculadas as proporções de pacientes que fizeram diálise, bem como a inscrição na lista de transplante renal em sua própria região de residência ou fora dela. Estimadas as correlações de Person destas proporções com indicadores socioeconômicos e assistenciais das regionais de saúde. Técnicas exploratórias espaciais estimaram coeficientes de correlação espacial geral (I de Moran) e local (LISA). Resultados: Regiões com maior PIB apresentaram maior razão de nefrologistas e maior proporção de inscrições na própria região de residência. Identificou-se um cluster de regiões com PIB baixo mais ao nordeste do estado (também com valores mais baixos de razão de nefrologistas), um cluster de alta proporção de inscritos na lista de transplante no centro do estado, e um cluster de baixa proporção de diálise na mesma região de residência mais ao sudeste. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se disparidades regionais em relação à proporção de inscritos na lista de espera para o transplante renal, proporção de pacientes que realizavam diálise na mesma região de residência e proporção de pacientes inscritos na lista de espera para o transplante renal na mesma região de residência.

In the criminal sphere, it is extremely important to identify perpetrators of crimes based on latent fingerprints (invisible to the naked eye) revealed at crime scenes and their corresponding objects. The present work aimed to evaluate four synthetic analogues of curcumin as possible IDL developers, and to compare their results with those of carbon black developer, as well as to reach the most adequate parameters in the use of the LTQ and FT-ICR mass spectrometers with the paper spray ionization (PS) source to study the chemical composition of the endogenous substances contained in the IDL. For this, a 24-1 factorial design was developed, where it was verified that the distance and voltage factors were the most influential for the increase in the response of signals, in the analysis of latent fingerprints by PS. Among the detected substances we can mention around 20 fatty acids, and squalene. Finally, four potential developers, synthetic analogues of curcumin, were compared with carbon black developer. The revelation of latent fingerprints occurred efficiently, allowing the visualization of minutiae, such as bifurcation and end of line, making it possible to classify them, according to the Vucetich Fingerprint Classification System.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of essential oils of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on the control of Acanthoscelides obtectus in laboratory conditions. The extraction of the oils was executed by the hydro-distillation method in a Clevenger device, for 4 hours and the design used was completely randomized, with five replications, in a 10x8 factorial arrangement (dozes and exposition time) with ten concentrations (20; 10; 5; 2.5; 1.75; 0.75; 0.5; 0.25 and 0.0% and Tween® 5.0%). Each replication was comprised by 10 unsexed insects of A. obtectus. The variables evaluated are as follows: control efficiency and CL50 through the Proc Probit analysis. The evaluations were carried out in 1, 2, 3, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the treatment. The results demonstrate that the essential oils of cloves and thyme caused 100% of mortality after 48 and 72 hours, respectively, in the 20% concentration. The Cl50 was estimated at 30.46 µL mL-1 for the oil of cloves and 24.93 µL mL-1 for the oil of thyme. The use of essential oils of cloves and thyme represent a viable alternative for use in storehouses for the integrated management of A. obtectus.

Natural formulations have attracted great interest of many researchers regarding their use as latent fingermark developers powders due their important characteristics as the presence of natural pigments in these materials that offer a good contrast on the applied surface and also luminescent properties, which facilitates the visualization of minutiae in problematic substrates such as multicolored surfaces. In addition, natural powders present low toxicity, are widely available and economically viable. In this sense, the present work addresses the application of several natural products to enhance fingermarks visualization. The natural products were obtained from various sources such as seaweed, spices as well as other sources such as terrestrial and herbaceous plants. The evaluated powders are composed by compounds as chlorophyll, phycocyanins, curcumins, lawsone, fatty acids, coumarins, flavonoids and terpenes. These powders showed good adhesion to latent fingermarks, with similar or superior efficiency to the available powders on different surfaces with clear visualization of the minutiae. The development of new powders applicable to papiloscopy are extremely important since the conventional available powders, besides being expensive, are imported and within the national context there is a great lack of these revealing materials within forensic investigations by the Federal Police and in laboratories of research.

BACKGROUND An increasing amount of research has led to the positioning of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK/NDK) as key metabolic enzymes among all organisms. They contribute to the maintenance the intracellular di- and tri- phosphate nucleoside homeostasis, but they also are involved in widely diverse processes such as gene regulation, apoptosis, signal transduction and many other regulatory roles. OBJETIVE Examine in depth the NDPKs of trypanosomatid parasites responsible for devastating human diseases (e.g., Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp.) which deserve special attention. METHODS The earliest and latest advances in the topic were explored, focusing on trypanosomatid NDPK features, multifunctionality and suitability as molecular drug targets. FINDINGS Trypanosomatid NDPKs appear to play functions different from their host counterparts. Evidences indicate that they would perform key roles in the parasite metabolism such as nucleotide homeostasis, drug resistance, DNA damage responses and gene regulation, as well as host-parasite interactions, infection, virulence and immune evasion, placing them as attractive pharmacological targets. MAIN CONCLUSIONS NDPKs are very interesting multifunctional enzymes. In the present review, the potential of trypanosomatid NDPKs was highlighted, raising awareness of their value not only with respect to parasite biology but also as molecular targets.

The use of anabolic androgenic steroids is largely restricted worldwide since they are associated with innumerous side effects and health damage. However, apprehensions of formulations of anabolic agents have been extensively increasing throughout the world, making their analysis a common task in the forensic field. In this sense, a set of three experiments was developed and applied to undergraduate students of Forensic Chemistry dealing with visual inspection of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids as well as chemical identification by Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Moreover, the classroom evaluated the extraction of steroidal active ingredients by ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction. The experimental procedures allied with the theory behind these topics provided an important background to the students on distinct extraction methods and analytical techniques used in the analysis of anabolic agents. Finally, the classroom was led to critically evaluate and interpret the results as well as to question the adequacy of experimental methods used in forensic analysis to stimulate their critical thinking.

RESUMEN La seguridad pública implica directamente la seguridad jurídica y la seguridad de las instituciones democráticas. Desde el reconocimiento por parte de la Corte Suprema Federal de Brasil de la constitucionalidad de las investigaciones penales que se llevan a cabo directamente por el Ministerio Público, sin la presidencia de la autoridad policial, el Consejo Nacional del Servicio de Fiscalía Pública cumplió con la determinación de regular el problema, a nivel institucional, al emitir la Resolución 181, del 7 de agosto de 2017. Además de la regulación de la investigación, la Resolución también establece en su artículo 18 el “acuerdo de no persecución penal”. Ante este escenario, el objetivo general del artículo es evaluar la Resolución y ese instituto. Para ello, toma como premisas la Constitución Federal brasileña, el sistema acusatorio, los principios de legalidad y la reserva legal. Como objetivo específico, el texto pretende analizarlos desde la perspectiva del debido proceso (penal) y los derechos y garantías fundamentales del ciudadano en el Estado de Derecho Democrático brasileño. El tema que impulsa la investigación, directamente relacionado con la seguridad jurídica y la seguridad de las instituciones democráticas, es saber si al proponer una modificación del Procedimiento Penal mediante resolución, con acuerdos realizados antes de la denuncia y con contrapartes similares a la pena, la Fiscalia siguió el sistema procesal actual. El estudio utiliza como método, predominantemente, la revisión de la literatura, y busca establecer un diálogo entre autores contemporáneos sobre el tema en cuestión.

ABSTRACT Public safety and security directly involve both legal certainty and the security of democratic institutions. Since the acknowledgement by the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court of the constitutionality of criminal investigations being carried out directly by the Public Prosecution Service, without police direction, the National Council of the Public Prosecution Service complied with the determination to regulate the matter, at institutional level, issuing the Resolution 181, of August 7, 2017. Further to the regulation of the investigation, the Resolution also provides in its article 18 the “non-criminal prosecution agreement”. Given this scenario, the main aim of this paper is to assess the Resolution and the referred institute, taking as its premises the Brazilian Federal Constitution, the accusatorial system, the principles of legality and the legal reserve. As a specific objective, the article seeks to analyze those from the perspective of proper (criminal) legal proceedings, as well as the fundamental rights and guarantees of the citizen in the Brazilian Democratic State of Law. The issue that drives the investigation, directly anchored to the legal certainty and the security of democratic institutions, is whether by proposing an alteration of the Criminal Procedure through Resolution - with agreements made before the denunciation and with counterparts similar to the penalty - the ministerial body has conformed to the current procedural system. The prevailing methodology of this research was a literature review, seeking to open a dialogue between contemporary authors on the subject matter.

RESUMO A segurança pública envolve diretamente a segurança jurídica e a segurança das instituições democráticas. A partir do reconhecimento pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro da constitucionalidade de investigações penais serem realizadas diretamente pelo Ministério Público, sem a presidência da autoridade policial, o Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público cumpriu determinação de regulamentar a questão, em âmbito institucional, quando editou a Resolução 181, de 7 de agosto de 2017. Além da regulamentação da investigação, a Resolução também prevê em seu artigo 18 o “acordo de não persecução penal”. Diante desse cenário, o artigo tem como objetivo geral avaliar a Resolução e o referido instituto. Para isso, toma como premissas a Constituição Federal brasileira, o sistema acusatório, os princípios da legalidade e da reserva legal. Como objetivo específico, o texto pretende analisá-los sob a ótica do devido processo legal (penal) e dos direitos e garantias fundamentais do cidadão no Estado Democrático de Direito brasileiro. A questão que impulsiona a investigação, ligada diretamente à segurança jurídica e à segurança das instituições democráticas, está em saber se ao propor uma modificação no Processo Penal por meio de Resolução, com acordos realizados antes da denúncia e com contrapartidas assemelhadas à pena, o órgão ministerial obedeceu ao sistema processual vigente. O estudo utiliza como método, predominantemente, a revisão bibliográfica e procura traçar um diálogo entre autores contemporâneos sobre o tema em questão.

Fingerprints are unique to each individual, contributing to human identification in forensic cases. The powder technique being widely used is considered one of the most important in latent fingermarks analysis. In this sense, the present work aimed to synthesize 1-thiocarbamoyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles and apply them as powder agents to develop latent fingermarks. The compounds were prepared from an effective and green synthesis via the condensation of chalcones with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol under microwave irradiation. Pyrazoles were tested and compared with a standard white powder (Sirchie®) on glass surfaces using sebaceous and natural fingermarks so that molecule 2c has been shown to be more promising providing image clarity. The derivatives of pyrazoles were promising as an alternative latent fingermark, presenting high quality images for fingermarks, proving to be a great tool for forensic sciences.

This work aims the synthesis of amidino pyrazolines by the cyclocondensation reaction between 3-(hetero)aryl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)enones and aminoguanidine hydrochloride under sonochemical conditions. Thirteen new compounds were synthesized in 15-83% of yield after sonication for 30 min without purification by chromatography. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated by in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a panel of four bacterial strains and four Candida yeasts. As result, the 5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide hydrochloride was identified as the most active against gram-positive S. aureus and E. faecalis with MIC of 7.8 µg mL−1, similar to the value showed by chloramphenicol, which was used as standard.

BACKGROUND NME23/NDPKs are well conserved proteins found in all living organisms. In addition to being nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK), they are multifunctional enzymes involved in different processes such as DNA stability, gene regulation and DNA repair among others. TcNDPK1 is the canonical NDPK isoform present in Trypanosoma cruzi, which has nuclease activity and DNA-binding properties in vitro. OBJECTIVES In the present study we explored the role of TcNDPK1 in DNA damage responses. METHODS TcNDPK1 was expressed in mutant bacteria and yeasts and over-expressed in epimastigotes. Mutation frequencies, tolerance to genotoxic agents and activity of DNA repair enzymes were evaluated. FINDINGS Bacteria decreased about 15-folds the spontaneous mutation rate and yeasts were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide and to UV radiation than controls. Parasites overexpressing TcNDPK1 were able to withstand genotoxic stresses caused by hydrogen peroxide, phleomycin and hidroxyurea. They also presented less genomic damage and augmented levels of poly(ADP)ribose and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase, an enzyme involved in DNA repair. MAIN CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest a novel function for TcNDPK1; its involvement in the maintenance of parasite’s genome integrity.

The development of fingermarks is an important step in criminal cases. Latent fingermarks require applications of reagents to be developed before they can be visualized. Different techniques to enhance fingermarks’ visualization have been employed and the powder dusting is the most common among them. The use of food spices as latent fingermarks developers could be an alternative method of experiment in chemistry teaching, considering that they are low cost and accessible. In this work, an experimental methodology was developed and can be applied in undergraduate chemistry teaching for the extraction of components from food spices, their chromatographic analysis and application on the development of latent fingermarks.

Fingerprints are unique for each individual contributing to human identification in forensic cases. Visualization of latent fingerprints usually involves the use of a chemical substance that creates a contrast between fingerprint residues and the surface on which the print was deposited. Commercial powders used as fingerprint developers by papilloscopy have relatively high costs due to their importation and chemical composition. (E-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, E-1-phenyl-3-(4-methylphenyl))prop-2-en-1-one but only one compound was highlighted, E-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-em-1-one). The composite was selected for its suitable properties (adhesion and texture) of visualization of the digital, providing the obtaining of clear revelations with identification of minutiae and singular points of the fingerprints. Identification, magnetic resonance, granulometry and contact surface evaluation with chalcones such as sebaceous and natural deposition with development in different materials such as plastic, metal and glass were applied for the application of fingerprint development. The compound was tested in eight volunteers regardless of gender and age, presenting satisfactory results for fingerprint development on glass and metal surfaces.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os componentes químicos majoritários do óleo essencial de Cuminum cyminum L. (comino) e dos óleos fixos de Bertholletia excelsa (castanha do Brasil) e de Helianthus annuus (semente de girassol). Assim como testar os três óleos e três diferentes acaricidas comerciais sintéticos contra fêmeas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, para explorar sua eficácia acaricida. Seis concentrações dos óleos (200, 100, 50, 25, 12,5 and 6,25 mg/mL) e os princípios ativos foram avaliados por meio do Teste de Imersão de Adultas (AIT). Os dois componentes químicos majoritários de C. cyminum L. foram o cuminaldeído e o y-terpineno. Nos óleos de B. excelsa e H. annuus os componentes majoritários foram o ácido n linoleico e oleico, respectivamente. C. cyminum L. mostrou alta atividade acaricida (100%) sobre as fêmeas ingurgitadas e suas caraterísticas reprodutivas, a partir da concentração 100 mg/mL., tornando-se uma fonte alternativa para controlar o carrapato do gado. No entanto sao necessários estudos adicionais, a serem conduzidos in vivo. B. excelsa e H. annuus tiveram baixa atividade acaricida (39,39% e 58,75% na concentração de 200 mg/mL respectivamente), não obstante apresentaram maior efeito que a amidina e o piretroide (35,12% e 1,50% respetivamente). Pode-se concluir que o óleo de C. cyminum pode ser uma alternativa fitoterápica para o controle do carrapato do gado.

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the main chemical components of the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) and of the fixed oils of Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) and of Helianthus annuus (sunflower seed). As well as testing the three oils and three different commercial synthetic acaricides against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in order to explore their acaricidal efficacy. Six different concentrations of the oils (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL) and the active principles were evaluated with the Adult Immersion Test (AIT). The two main chemicals components of C. cyminum L. were the cuminaldehyde and the γ-terpinene. In both B. excelsa and H. annuus were the linoleic and oleic acid. C. cyminum L. showed high acaricidal activity (100%) over the engorged females and on their reproductive characteristat from the concentration of 100 mg/mL. B. excelsa and H. annuus had low acaricidal activity (39.39% and 58.75% in the concentration of 200 mg/mL respectively). The amidine and the pyrethroid (35.12% and 1.50% respectively). It can be concluded that the oil of C. cyminum L. may be a phytoterapic alternative for the cattle's tick control.

3-(Thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamides were efficiently prepared through a cyclocondensation of thiophenylchalcones with aminoguanidine hydrochloride under ultrasonic conditions in the presence of KOH and ethanol as a green solvent in short reaction times (15-35 min) and good yields (62-95%). All compounds produced were evaluated against the human Jurkat and RS4;11 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines of T- and B-cell origin, respectively, and the K562 myelogenous leukemia cell line. Six compounds presented half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values around 15 µmol L-1 and five compounds presented IC50 values around 40 µmol L-1 for at least one of the three cell lines analyzed. One compound was not significantly cytotoxic, presenting IC50 value > 100 µmol L-1.