ABSTRACT The use of remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs) to apply plant protection products has grown a lot in agriculture worldwide. However, little research data are available regarding the efficiency and safety of this method, especially in Brazil. Thus, this review aimed to present the current scenario of scientific research involving RPAs in the application of pesticides. Several factors interfere with the quality of this type of application. Among them are height and flight speed, droplet generator elements, application rate, and spray solution properties. In general, applications have been performed between 1.0 m and 3.0 m of height and 1.0 m s-1 and 7.0 m s-1 of speed. As for the droplet generator element, there is still no clarity as to the ideal system. Efficacy studies involving RPA applications demonstrate the potential of this method in replacing applications performed mainly by using knapsack equipment in an effort to reduce occupational risks. However, it is essential to observe the advantages of RPA use, while also taking into account the risk of drift. The aerodynamic effect in the droplets, qualified personnel, appropriate formulations, regulations, and details in labels are challenges that still need to be addressed for this new technology to be successful.

Resumo Aqui, nós fornecemos novos registros de ocorrência de Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil. Todos os novos registros aqui fornecidos estão localizados na metade sul do estado. Além disso, nós fornecemos o primeiro registro para a espécie na zona costeira brasileira. Esses registros melhoram consideravelmente o nosso conhecimento sobre a distribuição da espécie no Sul do Brasil.

Abstract Herein, we provide new occurrence records of Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. All new records here provide are located on Southern half of the state. Besides this, we provide the first record for species in Brazilian coastal zone. Those records improve considerably our knowledge regarding species distribution in Southern Brazil.

As fístulas da artéria coronária (FAC) são raras e, muitas vezes, achado ocasional. O tratamento convencional é realizado por fechamento cirúrgico com toracotomia mediana ou por meio de embolização por procedimento hemodinâmico. Descrevemos uma técnica inovadora para ligadura da FAC de forma totalmente endoscópica. Mulher, 45 anos, com fístula sintomática entre artéria coronária descendente anterior e tronco de artéria pulmonar onde se realizou toracoscopia esquerda, pericardiotomia e ligadura do pertuito com clipe metálico. Não houve intercorrência, a paciente permaneceu 24 horas na UTI e teve alta hospitalar no 4º dia. A técnica foi efetiva, permitiu fácil acessibilidade cirúrgica e rápida recuperação pós-operatória.

The coronary artery fistulas (FAC) are rare and often found occasionally. The conventional treatment can be made by surgical closure with median thoracotomy or with embolization by catheterization. We describe an innovative technique to ligature of FAC, on a full endoscopy. Women, 45 years with symptomatic fistula between coronary artery anterior descending and trunk artery pulmonary, which took thoracoscopy left, pericardiotomy and ligation of fistula with metal clip without thoracotomy. There were no complications, stayed 24 hours in the ICU and was in hospital 4 days. The technique was effective, allows easy accessibility surgical and quick post-operative recovery.