Abstract Background Adverse remodeling of lung vessels elevates pulmonary pressure and provokes pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH results in increased right ventricle (RV) afterload, causing ventricular hypertrophy and the onset of heart failure. There is no specific treatment for maladaptive RV remodeling secondary to PAH. Objectives This study aims to explore two therapeutic approaches, grape juice (GJ) and thyroid hormones (TH), on PAH-induced oxidative stress and cardiac functional changes. Methods Parameters of echocardiography related to lung vessel resistance (AT/ET ratio), RV contractility (TAPSE), and RV diastolic function (E/A peaks ratio) were evaluated. Also, total ROS, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, calcium handling proteins, pro-oxidant and antioxidant protein expression were measured. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Both GJ and TH treatments demonstrated reductions in pulmonary resistance (~22%) and improvements in TAPSE (inotropism ~11%) and AT/ET ratio (~26%) (p<0.05). There were no changes amongst groups regarding the E/A peak ratio. Although ROS and TBARS were not statistically significant, GJ and TH treatments decreased xanthine oxidase (~49%) levels and normalized HSP70 and calcium handling protein expression (p<0.05). However, only TH treatment ameliorated diastolic function (~50%) and augmented NRF2 immunocontent (~48%) (p<0.05). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study stands as a pioneer in showing that TH administered together with GJ promoted functional and biochemical improvements in a PAH model. Moreover, our data suggest that GJ and TH treatments were cardioprotective, combined or not, and exhibited their beneficial effects by modulating oxidative stress and calcium-handling proteins. . (PAH) (RV afterload failure approaches (GJ TH, , (TH) PAHinduced induced ATET AT ET ratio, TAPSE, (TAPSE) EA E A evaluated Also peroxidation enzymes proteins prooxidant pro oxidant measured p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 significant ~22% 22 (~22% inotropism ~11% 11 ~26% 26 (~26% p<0.05. (p<0.05) ~49% 49 (~49% HSP HSP7 However ~50% 50 (~50% NRF ~48% 48 (~48% knowledge model Moreover cardioprotective calciumhandling (PAH (TH (TAPSE p00 p<0. ~22 2 (~22 ~11 1 ~26 (~26 (p<0.05 ~49 4 (~49 ~50 5 (~50 ~48 (~48 p0 p<0 ~2 (~2 ~1 (p<0.0 ~4 (~4 ~5 (~5 p< ~ (~ (p<0. ( (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Fundamento A remodelação adversa dos vasos pulmonares eleva a pressão pulmonar e provoca hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP). A HAP resulta em aumento da pós-carga do ventrículo direito (VD), causando hipertrofia ventricular e consequente insuficiência cardíaca. Não existe um tratamento específico para o remodelamento desadaptativo do VD secundário à HAP. Objetivos Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar duas abordagens terapêuticas, o suco de uva (SU) e os hormônios tireoidianos (HT), no tratamento do estresse oxidativo induzido pela HAP e nas alterações funcionais cardíacas. Métodos Parâmetros ecocardiográficos relacionados à resistência dos vasos pulmonares (relação TA/TE), contratilidade do VD (ESPAT) e função diastólica do VD (relação dos picos E/A) foram avaliados. Além disso, foram medidos ROS totais, peroxidação lipídica, enzimas antioxidantes, proteínas de manipulação de cálcio, expressão de proteínas pró-oxidantes e antioxidantes. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Ambos os tratamentos, com SU e HT, demonstraram uma redução na resistência pulmonar (~22%), além de melhorias na ESPAT (inotropismo ~11%) e na relação TA/TE (~26%) (p<0,05). Não houve alterações entre os grupos na relação do pico de E/A. Embora ROS e TBARS não tenham sido estatisticamente significativos, os tratamentos com SU e HT diminuíram os níveis de xantina oxidase (~49%) e normalizaram a expressão de HSP70 e proteínas de manipulação de cálcio (p<0,05). No entanto, apenas o tratamento com HT melhorou a função diastólica (~50%) e aumentou o imunoconteúdo de NRF2 (~48%) (p<0,05). Conclusões Até onde sabemos, este estudo é pioneiro ao mostrar que o HT administrado em conjunto com o SU promoveu melhorias funcionais e bioquímicas em um modelo de HAP. Além disso, nossos dados sugerem que os tratamentos com SU e HT se mostraram cardioprotetores, sejam combinados ou não, e exibiram seus benefícios ao modular o estresse oxidativo e as proteínas de manipulação do cálcio. . (HAP) póscarga pós carga VD, , (VD) cardíaca terapêuticas (SU (HT) cardíacas TA/TE, TATE TA TE TA/TE) (ESPAT E/A EA E avaliados disso totais lipídica antioxidantes próoxidantes pró oxidantes p005 p 0 05 p<0,0 significativos ~22%, 22 ~22% (~22%) inotropismo ~11% 11 ~26% 26 (~26% p<0,05. (p<0,05) ~49% 49 (~49% HSP HSP7 entanto ~50% 50 (~50% NRF ~48% 48 (~48% sabemos cardioprotetores (HAP (VD (HT p00 p<0, 2 ~22 (~22% ~11 1 ~26 (~26 (p<0,05 ~49 4 (~49 ~50 5 (~50 ~48 (~48 p0 p<0 ~2 (~22 ~1 (~2 (p<0,0 ~4 (~4 ~5 (~5 p< ~ (~ (p<0, ( (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Background-Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) increases afterload in the right ventricle (RV), inducing adverse ventricular remodelling. Objective- This study explored the protective effects of thyroid hormones and grape juice on serum biomarkers and proteins related to intermediary metabolism in the RV in a model of PAH. Methods- PAH was induced in Wistar rats via the administration of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg i.p.) and they were subsequently treated with organic grape juice (GJ) and thyroid hormones (TH), administered separately or in combination. Results: The RV systolic diameter significantly increased (20%) in the PAH group compared to the control group (P = 0.002). Total CK, LDH, and ALT levels were reduced (~50%) (P<0.001) in the PAH+TH+GJ group as compared to PAH group. Glucose, albumin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were reduced (~50%) (P<0.001) in the PAH group; however, these parameters returned to baseline in the PAH+GJ group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) protein expression increased two-fold (P<0.001) and PDH protein levels were reduced (~25%) in the PAH+TH+GJ group compared to the PAH group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The data suggest that serum biomarkers can help in the evaluation of this disease, and that this therapeutic approach can attenuate maladaptive remodelling in the PAH model. BackgroundPulmonary Background Pulmonary (PAH RV, , (RV) Objective Methods 60 (6 mgkg mg kg i.p. ip i p GJ (GJ TH, TH (TH) combination Results 20% 20 (20% P 0.002. 0002 0.002 . 0 002 0.002) CK LDH ~50% 50 (~50% P<0.001 P0001 001 (P<0.001 PAHTHGJ Glucose albumin triglyceride however PAHGJ proliferatoractivated proliferator activated 1alpha alpha 1 PGC1α PGCα PGC 1α α (PGC-1α twofold two fold ~25% 25 (~25% P<0.001. Conclusion disease (RV 6 ( i.p (TH 2 (20 000 0.00 00 ~50 5 (~50 P<0.00 P000 (P<0.00 ~25 (~25 (2 0.0 ~5 (~5 P<0.0 P00 (P<0.0 ~2 (~2 0. ~ (~ P<0. P0 (P<0. P<0 (P<0 P< (P<

Resumo Fundamento O pterostilbeno (PS), um composto polifenólico natural e antioxidante, surge como uma intervenção promissora para minimizar danos do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do PS na promoção da homeostase redox nos pulmões e no ventrículo direito (VD) de animais infartados. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos (60 dias de idade) foram randomizados em três grupos: SHAM, IAM (infarto) e IAM+PS (IAM + pterostilbeno). Sete dias após o procedimento de IAM, os ratos foram tratados com PS (100 mg/kg/dia) por gavagem por oito dias. Os animais foram depois sacrificados e os pulmões e VD foram coletados para análise do balanço redox (diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05). Resultados Nossos resultados mostram que o IAM desencadeia a interrupção redox no VD e nos pulmões, o que pode contribuir para danos induzido pelo IAM nesses órgãos. Consistentemente, o PS mitigou o estresse oxidativo e restaurou as defesas antioxidantes (Glutationa – GSH nos pulmões: SHAM = 0,79 ± 0,07; IAM = 0,67 ± 0,05; IAM + PS = 0,86 ± 0,14; p<0,05), indicando seu papel protetor neste cenário. Conclusão Nosso trabalho evidencia o potencial do uso de PS como abordagem terapêutica adjuvante após IAM para proteção dos tecidos pulmonares e cardíacos direitos.

Abstract Background Pterostilbene (PS), a natural and antioxidant polyphenolic compound emerges as a promising intervention in improving the myocardial infarction (MI) damages. Objetives This study aimed to evaluate PS actions in promoting redox homeostasis in lungs and right ventricle (RV) of infarcted animals. Methods Male Wistar rats (60 day-old) were randomized into three groups: SHAM, MI (infarcted), and MI+PS (MI+pterostilbene). Seven days after MI procedure, rats were treated with PS (100 mg/kg/day) via gavage for eight days. Animals were euthanized and the lungs and RV were harvested for analyses of redox balance (Differences were considered significant when p<0.05). Results Our results show that MI triggers a redox disruption scenario in RV and lungs, which can contribute to MI-induced damage on these organs. Consistently, PS mitigated oxidative stress and restored antioxidant defenses (GSH in lungs: SHAM= 0.79±0.07; MI=0.67±0.05; MI+PS=0.86±0.14; p<0.05), indicating its protective role in this scenario. Conclusions Our work evidences the PS potential use as an adjuvant therapeutic approach after MI focusing on protecting pulmonary and right-sided heart tissues.

Abstract: Wood of low durability is susceptible of deterioration by xylophages and its protection is a technological goal not reached that generates economic and material losses. Alternatives to avoid the use of toxic preservative conventional and contaminating can be established by knowledge of the bacterial microecosystem in the wood. The protection of this material is possible to obtain it with bacteria and its exudates. The purpose of this research is to highlight that the biodeterioration of low durability wood is avoidable by means of microbiological strategies relevant for the control of xylophages’ fungi. The observation is that bacteria of the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus and Pseudomonas and their exudates are potentially protective agents that exhibit different mechanisms of action such as antagonism, parasitism and the production of exudates containing molecules with effect: antimicrobial, chelator (siderophores) that inhibit enzymes or functions and volatile compounds (dimethylhexadecylamine). Knowledge of this microbial ecosystem will facilitate the construction of an alternative to the use of conventional wood preservatives and constitutes an area of opportunity. It is evident the absence of knowledge of antagonistic bacteria of the xylophages, the management of the production and composition of their exudates and their application, thus manifesting an unexplored field in the biotechnology of the preservation of wood.

Resumen: La madera de baja durabilidad es susceptible de deterioro por xilófagos y su protección es una meta tecnológica no alcanzada que genera pérdidas económicas y materiales. Alternativas para evitar el uso de preservadores convencionales tóxicos y contaminantes se pueden establecer mediante el conocimiento del microecosistema bacteriano en la madera. La protección de este material es posible obtenerla con bacterias y sus exudados. El propósito de esta investigación es destacar que el biodeterioro de la madera de baja durabilidad es evitable mediante estrategias microbiológicas relevantes para el control de los hongos xilófagos. La observación es que bacterias de los géneros Arthrobacter, Bacillus y Pseudomonas y sus exudados potencialmente son agentes de protección que exhiben mecanismos de acción diferentes como, el antagonismo, el parasitismo y la producción de exudados que contienen moléculas con efecto: antimicrobiano (antibióticos), quelante (sideróforos) que inhiben enzimas o funciones y compuestos volátiles (dimetilhexadecilamina). El conocimiento de este ecosistema microbiano facilitará la construcción de una alternativa al uso de los preservadores convencionales de madera y constituye un área de oportunidad. Se evidencia la ausencia del conocimiento de bacterias antagónicas de los xilófagos, el manejo de la producción y composición de sus exudados y su aplicación, con lo que se manifiesta un campo inexplorado en la biotecnología de la preservación de la madera.

RESUMO O mercado brasileiro de processamento de batata tem mostrado expressivo crescimento nos últimos anos. No entanto, sua expansão é condicionada pelo suprimento de matéria-prima adequada ao processamento industrial. A escolha correta da cultivar contribui para a redução do custo de produção e para o aumento do rendimento e da qualidade do produto final. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a eficiência produtiva de cultivares de batata recém introduzidas no Brasil e a qualidade para fritura na forma de batata-palha e chips. Foram avaliadas nove cultivares de batata (Arizona, Caruso, Destiny, Excelence, Saviola, Agata, Almera, Fontane e Markies) em ensaio conduzido entre janeiro e maio de 2013, na região sudoeste de Minas Gerais. As cultivares Arizona e Caruso exibiram maior potencial produtivo e, juntamente com 'Markies', a maior produção de tubérculos comerciáveis. 'Caruso' e 'Destiny' produziram mais de 20% de massa seca e baixos teores de açúcares redutores. 'Caruso' mostrou o maior rendimento de fritura em ambas as formas de processamento e absorveu menos gordura na forma de palha. 'Destiny' absorveu menos gordura como chips. 'Excelence' apresentou desempenho intermediário em todos os atributos avaliados. 'Caruso', 'Destiny' e 'Excelence' produziram chips com cor adequada ao mercado. Entre as cultivares avaliadas, 'Caruso', 'Destiny' e 'Excelence' foram as mais promissoras e se apresentaram apropriadas ao processamento na forma de batata-palha e 'Destiny' pode ser indicada também para o processamento de chips.

ABSTRACT Brazilian market of potato processing has presented expressive development in recent years. However, its expansion is constrained by raw material supply suitable for industrial processing. Selection of adequate cultivars contributes to final product cost reduction as well as its yield and quality improvement. The research aimed to study tuber yield and evaluate its frying potential for shoestrings and chips, of potato cultivars recently introduced in Brazil. Nine potato cultivars (Arizona, Caruso, Destiny, Excelence, Saviola, Agata, Almera, Fontane and Markies) were assessed in an experiment carried out between January and May, 2013, in South-West region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 'Arizona' and 'Caruso' cultivars exhibited superior productive potential and along with 'Markies' the highest production of marketable tubers. 'Caruso' and 'Destiny' produced more than 20% of dry matter and the lowest reducing sugar levels. 'Caruso' exhibited the highest frying yield in both processing shapes and absorbed less fat as shoestring. 'Destiny' absorbed less fat when processed as chips. 'Excelence' presented intermediary performance for every evaluated attribute. 'Caruso', 'Destiny', and 'Excelence' produced chips with appropriate color for market. Among the assessed cultivars, 'Caruso', 'Destiny', and 'Excelence' were the most promising. These cultivars demonstrated appropriate processing ability in the shape of shoestrings. 'Destiny' could also be indicated to be processed as chips.

The aim of this study was to analyze the response of P. vulgaris to single inoculation or to PGPM of dose reduced to 50% of NF. In that sense seeds of P. vulgaris were inoculated individually with B. cereus, R. etli or T. harzianum and as a PGPM consortium in a hydroponic system Leonard jars, fed with NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) 50%, reduced dose. Under an experimental randomized block design; response variables measured were: percentage and days to germination, plant height and root length, weight fresh/ dry air and root weight (AFW/ADW/RFW/RDW) to seedling and flowering, experimental data were validated by Tukey, p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that P. vulgaris inoculated with R. etli and T. harzianum had 100% and 95.8% germination in 4.8 and 4.5 days respectively and statistically different compared to 91.7% in 7.17 days of P. vulgaris not inoculated at 100% NF had as a Fertilizer Control (FC). At seedling stage of P. vulgaris with T. harzianum and R. etli had 1.12 g and 0.72 g of ADW and of 0.31 and 0.21 g RDW; while P. vulgaris response used as FC with 0.52 g and ADW and 0.19 g of RDW. This supports the positive potential of R. etli and T. harzianum for producing P. vulgaris reduced dose of NF, as well the positive effect of B cereus and microbial consortium in the legume

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la respuesta de P. vulgaris a la inoculación individual y consorcio de MPCV a dosis reducida al 50% del FN. Para ello se inoculó P. vulgaris individualmente con: B. cereus, R. etli y T. harzianum y en consorcio de MPCV en jarras de Leonard tratada con NH4NO3 al 50 %, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar; con variables respuestas: porcentaje y días a germinación, altura de planta y longitud radical, peso fresco/seco aéreo y radical (PFA/PSA/PFR/PSR) a plántula y floración; los datos experimentales se analizaron por Tukey, p ≤ 0,05. Los resultados mostraron que P. vulgaris inoculado con R. etli y T. harzianum tuvo un 100 % y 95,8% de germinación o emergencia en 4,8 y 4,5 días, respectivamente, valores con diferencia estadística en comparación con el 91,7% en 7,17 días en P. vulgaris sin inocular con el 100% de FN o testigo fertilizado (TF). En la etapa de plántula de P. vulgaris con T. harzianum y R. etli fue de 1,12 g y 0,72 g PSA, así como de 0,31 g y 0,21 de PSR, respectivamente, superior a P. vulgaris (TF) de 0,52 g de PSA y 0,19 g de PSR. Lo anterior apoya el potencial de R. etli y T. harzianum para la producción de P. vulgaris a dosis reducida de FN, comparado con el efecto positivo individual de B. cereus y en consorcio en la misma leguminosa

En relleno sanitario la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos urbanos genera un lixiviado (LX), mezcla química inorgánica e orgánica contaminante ambiental para definir el Índice de Contaminación de Lixiviado (ICL), el cual apoyado en modelo vegetal daría certeza del efecto negativo del LX. Además incluir la detección de microorganismos patógenos humanos (MPH) y bacterias mesófilas aerobias totales (BMAT) diferentes a coliformes fecales y totales tendría valor sanitario. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: i) analizar la fitotoxicidad de un LX en Phaseolus vulgaris, ii) detectar la existencia en el LX de MPH y BMAT. Con un bioensayo "in vitro" en cajas Petri y en Jarra de Leonard con semillas de P. vulgaris tratadas con LX a distintas concentraciones. Las variables respuesta del bioensayo fueron: porcentaje de germinación, fenología: altura de planta y longitud de raíz y biomasa: peso freso y seco aéreo y radical y la detección de los MPH y BMAT. Los datos experimentales se analizaron por Tukey p<0.05. Los resultados indicaron una inhibición y/o estimulación del crecimiento P. vulgaris en función de la composición química y dilución del LX, por el efecto toxico de sus metales pesados y alcalinidad extrema que evitaron la supervivencia de los MPH, pero no de las BMAT. Se concluye que un bioensayo con P. vulgaris define el grado de beneficio o toxicidad de un LX, y da validez al ICL. Mientras que es necesario investigar la importancia de BMHT en LX y su potencial de contaminación biológica ambiental.

In landfill, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste generated leachate (LE), a chemical inorganic and organic mix an environmental pollutant to determine by Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). A bioassay could give certainty to its negative effect. To include pathogenic human microorganisms (PHM) and mesophilic total aerobic bacteria (MTAB) different than fecal and total coliforms would have health value. The objectives of this research were i) analyzed the phytotoxicity of leachate on Phaseolus vulgaris and ii) to detect in LE the existence of HPM and MATB. A bioassay "in vitro" was made in Petri dishes and Leonard jars using seeds P. vulgaris treated by diluted leachate. The response variables of bioassay were: germination percentage, phenotype: plant height and root length, biomass total: fresh and dry weight of root and plant. Including HPM and MATB detection. Experimental data was analyzed by Tukey p<0.05. The results indicated that LE caused inhibition and/or stimulation on P. vulgaris; Leachate´s phytoxicity was depending on its chemical composition and level dilution, this suggests that toxic effect is due its heavy metals and extreme alkalinity, killing HPM in leachate but not MATB. A bioassay P. vulgaris is useful to define degree of benefical and/or toxicity of LE, and validate LPI. While is important to know the role of HPM in LE and potential environmental biological contamination.