Abstract: In this work we synthetized Er3+-doped TiO2 composites by means of the sol-gel method aiming to find the most emissive sample. For this optical characterization we used three samples with different erbium concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 wt%). We measured and compared the corresponding photoluminescent emission spectra using an excitation wavelength at 350 nm. Emission peaks in the green region associated with Er3+ transitions 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 2H11/2→4I15/2 were found. The sample TiO2Er1 (1.0 wt%) had the highest intensity profile and therefore we performed further characterizations on this composite. We measured its emission spectrum in the infrared region using the same excitation at 350 nm and we found emission peaks associated with transitions 4I11/2→4I15/2 and 4I13/2→4I15/2. We verified the morphology and structural properties of this material with Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electronic Microscopy. We consider that this composite could have promising potential in applications in communications.

The first description of tarsal tunnel is attributed to Richter in 1897, in 1932 Pollock and Davis described the syndrome for the first time, in 1960 Kopell and Thompson described the clinical features of tarsal tunnel syndrome; and in 1962 Charles Keck described tarsal tunnel syndrome in a detailed manner with clinical cases. We present the case of a 61 year old female patient who presented symptoms in 2010, she had intermittent talalgia that increased gradually, six months later pain is constant and limiting gait, EVA is 6/10, she is diagnosed with plantar fasciitis and is referred to physiotherapy with no improvement after two months of treatment. The plantar fascia ultrasound reports thickening with micro tears in the heel bone attachment, we infiltrated the plantar fascia with platelet rich plasma with no improvement, two months later she has shock wave sessions with no changes observed. We reassess the case and make the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome clinically and with electromyography and in 2011 we infiltrate a steroid with local anesthesia with temporary improvement. In 2012, we found an EVA of 7/10 and an AOFAS of 54 points, we perform surgery and the intraoperative finding is a varicose vein that decreased the caliber of the tarsal tunnel compressing adjacent structures. The clinical case is presented and we reviewed tarsal tunnel syndrome in the literature.

La primera descripción del túnel del tarso se le atribuye a Richter, en 1897; en 1932 Pollock y Davis describen por primera vez el síndrome, en 1960 Kopell y Thompson describen la clínica del síndrome de túnel del tarso y en 1962 Charles Keck describió el síndrome del túnel del tarso en forma detallada con casos clínicos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente femenino de 61 años que inició su padecimiento en 2010, al presentar talalgia intermitente que se incrementa de forma gradual, seis meses después el dolor es constante y limita la marcha, EVA de 6/10, se diagnostica fascitis plantar, y se envía a fisioterapia sin mejoría a los dos meses de tratamiento. El ultrasonido de fascia plantar, reporta engrosamiento de la misma, con microdesgarros en su inserción en calcáneo, se realiza infiltración de plasma rico en plaquetas en fascia plantar sin mejoría, dos meses después es enviada a sesiones de ondas de choque sin cambios, se revalora caso y se realiza el diagnóstico de síndrome del túnel del tarso en forma clínica y por electromiografía y en 2011 se infiltran esteroide con anestésico local con mejoría temporal. En 2012, encontramos EVA de 7/10 y AOFAS de 54 puntos, se interviene quirúrgicamente y como hallazgo transoperatorio se encuentra trayecto varicoso que disminuía el calibre del túnel del tarso oprimiendo a las estructuras adyacentes. Se presenta el caso clínico y la revisión en la literatura del síndrome del túnel del tarso.

A baten of commercial feed used to maintain shrimps in intensive farming systems, was supplemented with xanthophylls industrially extracted from marigold T erecta flowers to produce pellets with 150 ppm of total carotenoid concentration, which were used to feed Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL7, 0.78 mg) . The supplemented diet increased the total carotenoid concentration in postlarvae, due to a real increase in the accumulation of astaxanthin, compared to those fed with the no supplemented control diet. Regardless the diet, the astaxanthin concentration post-feeding accounted for more than 85% of the total carotenoid concentration in shrimp, while betacarotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, and other non-identifiable carotenoids comprised a minority of the total concentration. In all analyzed samples, more than 90% of astaxanthin was in esterified form. This result indicates that L. vannamei can metabolize precursor dietary xanthophylls to produce the astaxanthin. In general, improved survival was seen in postlarvae groups fed with supplemented diets compared to groups fed with the control diet. Similar effeets were seen in postlarvae, which included artemia nauplii in their diet.

Un lote de alimento comercial utilizado para el mantenimiento de camarones peneidos en cultivos intensivos, fue suplementado con xantofilas extraídas industrialmente de la flor del cempasúchil Tagetes erecta, para producir pellets con una concentración total de carotenoides de 150 ppm, los cuales fueron utilizados para alimentar postlarvas (PL7, 0.78 mg) de Litopenaeus vannamei. La dieta suplementada produjo un incremento de la concentración total de carotenoides en el cuerpo de las postlarvas, debido al aumento efectivo de la concentración de astaxantina, en comparación con las postlarvas alimentadas con la dieta control no suplementada. Independientemente de la dieta utilizada, al final del periodo de alimentación la astaxantina representó más del 85% de la concentración total de carotenoides en el cuerpo de los camarones, mientras que el betacaroteno, la luteína, la zeaxantina y otros carotenoides no identificados, constituyeron la menor parte. En todas las muestras analizadas, más del 90% de la astaxantina se encontró en forma esterificada. Estos resultados indican que L. vannamei puede metabolizar las xantofilas precursoras dietarias para producir la astaxantina. En general se observó un incremento de la sobrevivencia en los grupos de postlarvas alimentadas con la dieta suplementada con xantofilas en comparación con aquéllas alimentadas con la dieta control. Efectos similares en la respuesta pigmentaria y la sobrevivencia fueron observados en las postlarvas que incluyeron nauplios de artemia en su alimentación.

A cellular automaton (CA) model is developed to analyze the behavior of fishermen in terms of belonging to a group that exchanges information on fishing and the personal aspect of decision making, defining the fishermen as cartesian or stochastic. This model aims to be the generic structure for a subsequent specific model suitable for a real fishery, and shows how the previously described behavior can be represented in a CA. The results show that, in a simulated world, positive effects are observed in terms of capture or rate of capture, the grouping, and the stochastic behavior in the event of resource scarcity. Also shown is how the behavior of including an explorer has the potential of generating benefits, as well as being risky. If the fishing is good, an independent boat benefits more than the group explorer when sharing this information with the other members of the group (cooperation-competition effect); however, in an adverse situation, the group explorer is not as affected as the independent boat.

Se desarrolla un modelo de autómata celular (AC) para analizar el comportamiento de los pescadores en términos de pertenencia a un grupo que intercambia información de la pesca y el aspecto personal de la toma de decisiones, donde se define a los pescadores como cartesiano o estocástico. Este modelo pretende ser la estructura genérica para un posterior modelo especifico adecuado a una pesquería real, y muestra cómo se puede representar el comportamiento descrito anteriormente en un AC. Los resultados muestran que, en un mundo simulado, se observan efectos positivos en términos de captura o tasa de captura, de la agrupación y del comportamiento estocástico ante la escasez del recurso. Además, se muestra como el comportamiento de incluir un explorador tiene el potencial de generar beneficios, al igual de ser arriesgado. En caso de generar buena pesca, una embarcación independiente se beneficia más que el explorador en grupo cuando éste último comparte información con los demás integrantes del grupo (efecto cooperación-competencia). Sin embargo, en una situación adversa, el explorador en grupo no se ve tan afectado como la embarcación independiente.

We present kinematic data for 211 bright planetary nebulae in eleven Local Group galaxies: M31 (137 PNe), M32 (13), M33 (33), Fornax (1), Sagittarius (3), NGC 147 (2), NGC 185 (5), NGC 205 (9), NGC 6822 (5), Leo A (1), and Sextans A (1). The data were acquired at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional in the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir using the 2.1 m telescope and the Manchester Echelle Spectrometer in the light of [O III]λ5007 at a resolution of 11 kms-1. A few objects were observed in Hα. The internal kinematics of bright planetary nebulae do not depend strongly upon the metallicity or age of their progenitor stellar populations, though small systematic differences exist. The nebular kinematics and Hβ luminosity require that the nebular shells be accelerated during the early evolution of their central stars. Thus, kinematics provides an additional argument favoring similar stellar progenitors for bright planetary nebulae in all galaxies.

Presentamos datos cinemáticos para 211 nebulosas planetarias brillantes en once galaxias del Grupo Local: M31 (137 NPs), M32 (13), M33 (33), Fornax (1), Sagittarius (3), NGC 147 (2), NGC 185 (5), NGC 205 (9), NGC 6822 (6), Leo A (1), y Sextans A (1). Adquirimos los datos en el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional en la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir con el telescopio de 2.1 m y el espectrómetro Manchester Echelle en la línea de [O III]λ5007 con una resolución de 11 kms-1. Observamos algunos objetos en Hα. La cinemática de nebulosas planetarias brillantes no depende fuertemente de la metalicidad o la edad de la población estelar progenitora en sus galaxias huéspedes, aunque existen pequeñas diferencias sistemáticas. La cinemática y la luminosidad en Hβ de las cáscaras nebulares requieren la aceleración de las cascaras durante la evolución temprana de las estrellas centrales. Así, la cinemática representa otro argumento a favor de estrellas progenitoras similares para las nebulosas planetarias brillantes en todas galaxias.

A locality in the district of Tlalpan, Mexico City, was selected in order to identify the viral agents in children younger than 5 years of age with acute respiratory infection (ARI). A total of 300 children were randomly selected and were included in this study for a period of 13 months. During this period nasopharyngeal exudates were collected for the isolation of viral agents. Monoclonal fluorescent antibodies were used for viral identification after cell culture. Viral infection was detected in 65% of the specimens. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common virus agent detected. Children required an average of two consultations during the study period. Two high incidence peaks were observed, one during the summer and the other during winter; the most frequent viruses during these seasons were influenza A and RSV, respectively. The largest number of viruses was isolated in the group of children between 1 and 2 years of age and in the group between 4 and 5 years of age. This study demonstrated the presence of ARI and of different viruses in a period of 13 months, as well as the most frequent viruses in children younger than 5 years of age from a community of Mexico City.