OBJETIVO: identificar a prevalência e os fatores de risco de colonização materna por estreptococo do grupo B (EGB) em gestantes com trabalho de parto prematuro (TPP) e/ou ruptura prematura pré-termo de membranas (RPM). MÉTODOS: foram colhidos dois swabs anais e dois swabs vaginais de 203 gestantes com diagnóstico de TPP ou RPM entre 22 e 36 semanas completas de gestação atendidas no serviço em um período de um ano. Foram excluídas as gestantes que deram entrada com parto iminente. Um swab de cada local foi colocado em meio de transporte, sendo posteriormente enviados para cultura em placas de ágar-sangue, os outros dois foram incubados por 24 horas em meio de Todd-Hewitt para posterior semeadura em placas de ágar-sangue. Foram analisados fatores de risco com o uso do teste do qui-quadrado, t de Student (p ajustado a 0,05 e intervalo de confiança 95%) e de regressão logística. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: idade, raça, paridade e escolaridade maternas; resultados das culturas por local de coleta e tipo de cultura; diagnóstico de admissão; idade gestacional de admissão; bacteriúria assintomática; idade gestacional no parto; tipo de parto; taxa de colonização neonatal por EGB e resultado neonatal imediato. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de colonização materna por EGB foi de 27,6% (56 gestantes). As taxas de colonização segundo as complicações da gestação foram 30% para RPM, 25,2% para TPP e 17,8% para TPP + RPM. As variáveis "raça branca", "baixo nível de escolaridade" e "bacteriúria" foram associadas a maiores taxas de colonização na análise univariada. A presença de infecção urinária foi a única variável significativamente associada à colonização materna na análise multivariada. A taxa de detecção do estreptococo do grupo B foi significativamente maior com o uso do meio seletivo e com a associação de coleta de culturas anais e vaginais. A taxa de colonização neonatal foi de 3,1%. Ocorreram dois casos de sepse precoce por EGB nesta amostra, com prevalência de 10,8 casos por mil nascidos vivos e mortalidade de 50%. CONCLUSÕES: a amostra avaliada apresenta altas taxas de colonização materna por Streptococcus agalactiae. São necessários o uso de meio de cultura seletivo e a associação de culturas ano-retais e vaginais para aumentar a taxa de detecção do EGB. A incidência de sepse neonatal precoce foi elevada nesta população.

PURPOSE: to indentify the prevalence and risk factors of maternal colonization by group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women with premature labor (PL) and/or premature membrane rupture (PMR). METHODS: two anal and two vaginal swabs were collected from 203 pregnant women with diagnosis of PL or PMR assisted at the practice along one year. Pregnant women with imminent labor at admission were excluded. One swab of each source was placed in a transfer milieu and sent for culture in blood-agar plates; the two remaining swabs were incubated for 24 hours in Todd-Hewitt milieu for further sowing in blood-agar plates. Risk factors were analyzed by the chi-square test, Student's t-test (p-value set at 0.05 and 95% confidence interval) and logistic regression. The following variables were analyzed: age, race, parity and mother schooling; culture results by source and type of culture; admission diagnosis; gestational age at admission; asymptomatic bacteriuria; gestational age at delivery; type of delivery; neonatal GBS colonization rate and immediate neonatal condition. RESULTS: prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 27.6% (56 cases). The colonization rates according to gestational complications were 30% for PMR, 25.2% for PL and 17.8% for PL + PMR. Univariate analysis has shown that the variables Caucasian race, low level of schooling and bacteriuria were associated with higher colonization rates. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of urinary infection was the only variable associated with maternal colonization. The GBS detection rate was significantly higher with the use of a selective milieu and collection from both anal and vaginal sources. The neonatal colonization rate was 3.1%. Two cases of early sepsis by GBS occurred in the sample, with prevalence of 10.8 cases per one thousand live births and 50% mortality rate. CONCLUSION: the studied sample showed high maternal colonization rates by Streptococcus agalactiae. To increase GBS detection rate, it is necessary to use a selective culture milieu and to combine anal-rectal and vaginal cultures. There was a high incidence of early neonatal sepsis.

The objective of this study was to identify group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization rates and compare detection efficiency of selective versus non-selective culture media and anorectal versus vaginal cultures in women with preterm labor and preterm-premature rupture of membranes (PROM). A prospective cohort study of 203 women was performed. Two vaginal and two anorectal samples from each woman were collected using sterile swabs. Two swabs (one anorectal and one vaginal) were placed separately in Stuart transport media and cultured in blood-agar plates for 48 hours; the other two swabs were inoculated separately in Todd-Hewitt selective media for 24 hours and then subcultured in blood-agar plates. Final GBS identification was made by the CAMP test. A hundred thrity-two cultures out of 812 were positive. The maternal colonization rate was 27.6%. Colonization rates were 30% for preterm PROM and 25.2% for preterm labor. Todd-Hewitt selective medium detected 87.5% and non-selective medium 60.7% GBS-positive women. Vaginal samples and anorectal samples had the same detection rate of 80.3%. Anorectal selective cultures detected 75% of carriers; 39% of GBS-positive women were detected only in selective medium. A combined vaginal-anorectal selective culture is appropriate for GBS screening in this population, minimizing laboratory costs.

Analisa-se a freqüência relativa dos microrganismos isolados das infecções hospitalares no Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp no período de 1987 a 1994. O microrganismo mais freqüente foi o S. aureus (20,9%), presente nas infecções da ferida cirúrgica, nas infecções da corrente sangüínea e nas artério-venosas. Nas infecções do trato urinário predominaram os bacilos Gram negativos (56,5%) e as leveduras (9%). Foi observado aumento da freqüência de isolados de Acinetobacter baumannii nos últimos três anos. Dentre os microrganismos isolados das infecções da corrente sangüínea, houve aumento gradual na freqüência de Staphylococcus coagulase negativo e A. baumannii, mas não houve alteração na ocorrência de Candida sp

The frequency of microorganisms identified in nosocomial infections at Unicamp University Hospital from 1987 to 1994 was analysed. The most common microorganism was S. aureus (20.9%), which was found in surgical wound, bloodstream and arterial-venous infections. In urinary tract infections (UTI), gram-negative rods (56.5%) and yeasts (9%) predominated. A. baumannii isolates were observed to have increased in the last three years. There was a gradual increase in the frequency of coagulase-negative staphylococci and A. baumannii in bloodstream infections but there wasn’t any change in Candida sp