ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin of two universal adhesive systems: Single Bond Universal (SBU) and Ambar Universal (AU), used in different adhesion strategies. Materials and Method: Thirty-six human teeth were prepared (n=6) and treated following different adhesive strategies: G1: SBU-etch-and-rinse, applied on dry dentin; G2: SBUetch- and-rinse, applied on moist dentin; G3: SBU-self-etching; G4: AU-etch-and-rinse, applied on dry dentin; G5: AU-etch-and-rinse, applied on moist dentin; G6: AU-self-etching. The specimens were submitted to μTBS test, failure analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (p<0.05). Results: Microtensile bond strength was significantly lower in G1 than G2 and G3. AU adhesive performed worse than the SBU system, except in G5. Cohesive and mixed failures predominated in G1 and G2, while adhesive failures predominated in G3 and G5. Conclusions: Universal adhesives are an interesting innovation, but there are still doubts about their performance, mainly regarding the different protocols provided by the manufacturers. The conventional adhesive strategy on moist dentin demonstrated higher μTBS for both adhesives. The use of the selfetching strategy with the SBU showed promising results.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união à microtração (μTBS) de dois sistemas adesivos universais: Single Bond Universal (SBU) e Ambar Universal (AU), utilizados em diferentes estratégias de adesão. Materiais e método: 36 dentes humanos foram preparados (n=6) e tratados seguindo diferentes estratégias adesivas: G1: SBU-condicionamento e enxágue, aplicado sobre dentina seca; G2: SBU-condicionamento e enxágue, aplicado sobre dentina úmida; G3: SBU-autocondicionante; G4: AU-condicionamento e enxágue, aplicado em dentina seca; G5: AU-condicionamento e enxágue, aplicado sobre dentina úmida; G6: AU-autocondicionante. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de μTBS, análise de falhas e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM). Os dados foram analisados com os testes ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: A resistência de união à microtração de G1 foi significativamente menor que G2 e G3. O adesivo AU teve um desempenho pior que o sistema SBU, com exceção do G5. Falhas coesivas e mistas predominaram em G1 e G2 enquanto G3 e G5 apresentaram predominância de falhas adesivas. Conclusões: Os adesivos universais representam uma inovação interessante, mas ainda há dúvidas sobre seu desempenho, principalmente em relação aos diferentes protocolos fornecidos pelos fabricantes. A estratégia adesiva convencional em dentina úmida demonstrou maior μTBS para ambos os adesivos. O uso da estratégia autocondicionante com a SBU apresentou resultados promissores.

Uma escala diagramática com seis níveis de severidade (1, 5, 12, 25, 50 e 75%) foi desenvolvida para quantificação da severidade da ferrugem da videira (Vitis spp.), causada pelo fungo Phakopsora euvitis. Duas versões da escala, em preto-e-branco e em cores, foram validadas por sete avaliadores sem experiência prévia com essa doença, os quais estimaram a severidade em 30 folhas com sintomas de ferrugem, com e sem auxílio das escalas. A severidade real foi determinada com o programa ASSESS®. A acurácia e a precisão foram analisadas por meio de regressão linear, confrontando valores de severidade reais com estimados. Com a utilização da escala, os avaliadores apresentaram melhores níveis de precisão e acurácia. O emprego da escala em cores proporcionou estimativas um pouco mais acuradas e precisas do que a escala em preto-e-branco.

A diagrammatic scale with six levels of disease severity (1, 5, 12, 25, 50 and 75%) was developed to assess grapevine (Vitis spp.) rust severity, caused by the fungus Phakopsora euvitis. Two versions of the scale, in black-and-white and in color, were validated by seven raters without previous experience with grapevine rust, who estimated the severity of 30 grapevine leaves showing rust symptoms, with and without the use of the scales. Precision and accuracy were determined by linear regression, relating the assessments using the scales to actual severity. Actual severity was assessed with the software ASSESS®. Using the diagrammatic scales, some raters were able to improve precision and accuracy. The color scale provided slightly more precise and accurate estimates than the black-and-white scale.

Corynespora cassiicola causa mancha alvo em folhas de diversas espécies de plantas, entre elas as cucurbitáceas. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a patogenicidade de 15 isolados de C. cassiicola originados de diferentes espécies hospedeiras a híbridos de pepino (Cucumis sativus) tipo 'japonês', assim como avaliar a severidade da doença em condições de casa-de-vegetação. Verificou-se que somente três isolados originados de pepino e um isolado de abóbora foram capazes de infectar os quatro híbridos de pepino. Os híbridos Natsubayashi e Tsuyataro também foram infectados pelos dois isolados originados de soja e um originado de tomateiro. Quanto à severidade, os isolados de C. cassiicola originados de pepino mostraram-se significativamente mais agressivos. Além disso, Tsuyataro mostrou-se mais suscetível dentre os híbridos testados. As diferenças na agressividade dos isolados de C. cassiicola sugerem maior adaptação dos isolados originados de pepino para os quatro híbridos, uma vez que estes foram significativamente mais agressivos do que os demais isolados.

Corynespora cassiicola causes target leaf spot on several plant hosts including cucurbits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pathogenicity of 15 isolates of C. cassiicola obtained from several hosts, to the Japanese cucumber hybrids (Cucumis sativus), as well as to evaluate the severity of the disease in greenhouse. It was observed that only three isolates from cucumber and one isolate from pumpkin were able to infect the four cucumber hybrids. Only 'Natsubayashi' and 'Tsuyataro' were infected by the two isolates from soybean and one isolate from tomato. The isolates from cucumber were significantly more aggressive than isolates from other hosts. Differences were also observed in susceptibility among the cucumber hybrids to C. cassiicola. 'Tsuyataro' was more susceptible than the other hybrids. Such differences in aggressiveness of the isolates and in the susceptibility of the hosts suggest a longer adaptation of C. cassiicola on cucurbits.

Asthmatics infected with Schistosoma mansoni have a less severe course of asthma and an inhibition of the Th2 inflammatory response that seems to be mediated by interleukin (IL-10). The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of some S. mansoni antigens to stimulate IL-10 production in vitro by cells of asthmatic infected individuals. Peripheral bloods mononuclear cells were stimulated with the S. mansoni recombinant antigens Sm22.6, Sm14, P24, and PIII antigen. IL-10 was measured in the supernatants of cultures. As the recombinant antigens were cloned in Escherichia coli, we blocked contaminant endotoxin with polymyxin B added to the cultures. We demonstrated that all antigens used drove high production of IL-10 in S. mansoni infected individuals (n = 13, 408 ± 514 and 401 ± 383 pg/ml, 484 ± 245 pg/ml, 579 ± 468 pg/ml, respectively). In asthmatics infected with S. mansoni (n = 21) rP24 induced higher levels of IL-10 (565 ± 377 pg/ml) when compared to PIII, rSm14 and rSm22.6 (184 ± 209 pg/ml; 292 ± 243 pg/ml; 156 ± 247 pg/ml, respectively). Conclusion: the S. mansoni antigens evaluated in this study stimulated IL-10 production by cells from infected individuals and therefore they have the potential to be used as a modulator of the inflammatory response in asthma.

This is the report of a 46-year-old patient with the preoperative diagnosis of an atrial septal defect (ASD) of the ostium secudum type. After sternectomy, partial agenesis of the left pericardium was diagnosed. It is our opinion that, if the radiographic picture is suggestive of this entity, a clinical search for cardiopulmonary anomalies should be performed, because the majority of these associated anomalies can and should be surgically corrected.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the results observed during the early postoperative period in patients who had the posterior coronary arteries revascularized without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), in regard to the following parameters: age, sex,bypass grafts types, morbidity and mortality. METHODS: From January 1995 to June 1998, 673 patients underwent myocardial revascularization (MR). Of this total, 607 (90.20%) MR procedures were performed without CPB. The posterior coronary arteries (PCA) were revascularized in 298 (44.27%) patients, 280 (93.95%) without CPB. The age of the patients ranged from 37 to 88 years (mean, 61 years). The male gender predominated, with 198 men (70.7%). The revascularization of the posterior coronary arteries had the following distribution: diagonalis artery (31 patients, 10%); marginal branches of the circumflex artery (243 patients, 78.7%); posterior ventricular artery (4 patients, 1.3%); and posterior descending artery (31 patients, 10%). RESULTS: Procedure-related complications without death occurred in 7 cases, giving a morbidity of 2.5%. There were 11 deaths in the early postoperative period (mortality of 3.9%). CONCLUSION: Similarly to the anterior coronary arteries, the posterior coronary arteries may benefit from myocardial revascularization without CPB.