Abstract Introduction: Although it only corresponds to 2.5% of congenital heart defects, hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is responsible for more than 25% of cardiac deaths in the first week of life. Palliative surgery performed after the second week of life is considered an important risk factor in the treatment of HLHS. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the initial experience of a medical center in Northeastern Brazil with a modified off-pump hybrid approach for palliation of HLHS. Methods: From November 2012 through November 2015, the medical records of 8 patients with HLHS undergoing hybrid procedure were retrospectively evaluated in a tertiary private hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The modified off-pump hybrid palliation consisted of stenting of the ductus arteriosus guided by fluoroscopy without contrast and banding of the main pulmonary artery branches. Demographic and clinical variables were recorded for descriptive analysis. Results: Eight patients were included in this study, of whom 37.5% were female. The median age and weight at the time of the procedure was 2 days (p25% and p75% = 2 and 4.5 days, respectively) and 3150 g (p25% and p75% = 3077.5 g and 3400 g, respectively), respectively. The median length in intensive care unit stay was 6 days (p25% and p75% = 3.5% and 8 days, respectively). There were no in-hospital deaths. Four patients have undergone to the second stage of the surgical treatment of HLHS. Conclusion: In this series, the initial experience with the modified off-pump hybrid procedure showed to be safe, allowing a low early mortality rate among children presenting HLHS.

FUNDAMENTOS: No cenário dos estudos controlados e randomizados, em mulheres, a doença arterial coronária (DAC) apresenta maiores desafios no que se refere ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento. Essas noções são mais controversas no âmbito do chamado "mundo real", especialmente no que tange ao tratamento por intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados de procedimentos de ICP, na fase hospitalar, em brasileiras e brasileiros. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectivamente idealizada a partir dos dados inseridos no registro da Central Nacional de Intervenções Cardiovasculares (CENIC), em sua presente forma de captura eletrônica, conforme ficha padronizada, desde o início de 1999 até o final de 2007: características demográficas e da história clínica, inclusive fatores de risco no contexto da DAC; detalhes técnicos dos procedimentos, de seu sucesso e complicações; tratamento farmacológico adjunto. RESULTADOS: No período, 197.139 intervenções coronárias foram registradas, sendo 131.797 (66,85%) em homens e 65.342 (33,15%) em mulheres. A média de idade foi significativamente superior nas mulheres (64,0 ± 11,6 anos vs. 60,4 ± 11,7 anos; p < 0,0001), que apresentaram maior prevalência de diabetes melito (39,4% vs. 28,5%; p < 0,0001). Nos homens, houve maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial (25,6% vs. 28,9%; p < 0,0001), tabagismo (19,1% vs. 34,0%; p < 0,0001), antecedentes de infarto do miocárdio (21,1% vs. 26,8%; p < 0,0001), de ICP (17,5% vs. 19,3%; p < 0,0001) e de revascularização miocárdica cirúrgica prévia (8,3% vs. 11,0%; p < 0,0001). Em pacientes com ICP prévia, a nova intervenção ocorreu mais freqüentemente nos homens por progressão da doença, novas lesões (56,6% vs. 59,5%; p < 0,006), e, nas mulheres, por reestenose (39,2% vs. 36,4%; p < 0,0001). A ICP foi realizada nas mulheres em maior número de vezes que nos homens por indicações clínicas instáveis (56,5% vs. 55,8%; p = 0,003). Angiograficamente, verificou-se proporção maior de lesões de um único vaso entre as mulheres (53,2% vs. 49,3%; p < 0,0001), e menor prevalência de disfunção ventricular esquerda grave (4,1% vs. 4,6%; p < 0,0001), de lesões complexas (B2 e C) (64,3% vs. 66,0%; p < 0,0001), de trombo visível (14,6% vs. 17,6%; p < 0,0001), de lesões extensas (superiores a 20 mm) (26,6% vs. 28,1%; p < 0,0001) e de envolvimento de ramos secundários (26,6% vs. 27,6%; p < 0,0001). Em contraposição, nas mulheres observou-se mais calcificação (23,4% vs. 22,8%; p < 0,0001), e menor diâmetro (2,95 mm ± 0,66 mm vs. 3,04 mm ± 0,75 mm; p = 0,001) e extensão (17,2 mm ± 7,1 mm vs. 17,7 mm ± 7,3 mm; p = 0,04) dos stents implantados. As mulheres tenderam a ter taxa mais elevada de insucesso (0,75% vs. 0,68%; p = 0,077), e efetivamente apresentaram maiores taxas de óbito (1,20% vs. 0,79%; p < 0,0001) e de infartos miocárdicos nãofatais (0,54% vs. 0,41%; p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: A ICP em mulheres brasileiras apresenta resultados imediatos discretamente menos satisfatórios que nos homens, em associação à tríade de idade mais avançada, maior prevalência de diabetes melito e menor calibre do vaso.

BACKGROUND: There are major challenges in diagnosing and treating women with coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in randomized and controlled studies. These notions are more controversial in the real world, especially with respect to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVE: To compare results from in-hospital PCI procedures in male and female Brazilian patients. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was done, based on data electronically uploaded into the CENIC (Central Nacional de Intervenções Cardiovasculares) Registry. A standardized form to gather data from patients treated between the beginning of 1999 to the end of 2007 was used and included clinical, angiographic and procedural results, including clinical success and complications. RESULTS: In this period, 197,139 coronary interventions were reported; 131,797 (66.85%) in men and 65,342 (33.15%) in women. Women were older (64.0 ± 11.6 yrs vs. 60.4 ± 11.7 yrs; p < 0.0001), and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (39.4% vs. 28.5%; p < 0.0001). In contrast, men showed a higher prevalence of hypertension (25.6% vs. 28.9%; p < 0.0001), smoking (19.1% vs. 34.0%; p < 0.0001), previous myocardial infarction (21.1% vs. 26.8%; p < 0.0001), previous PCI (17.5% vs. 19.3%; p < 0,0001) and previous coronary artery bypass surgery (8.3% vs. 11.0%; p < 0.0001). In male patients with previous PCI, new interventions were done more frequently due to disease progression (56.6% vs. 59.5%; p < 0.006) whereas in women they were done predominantly due to restenosis (39.2% vs. 36.4%; p < 0.0001). PCI was performed in women more often than in men due to unstable clinical conditions (56.5% vs. 55.8%; p = 0.003). Angiographically, a higher number of single vessel lesions was noted among women (53.2% vs. 49.3%; p < 0.0001) as well as a lesser prevalence of severe left ventricle dysfunction (4.1% vs. 4.6%; p < 0.0001), complex lesions (B2 and C) (64.3% vs. 66.0%; p < 0.0001), visible thrombus (14.6% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.0001), lesions > 20 mm (26.6% vs. 28.1%; p < 0.0001) and involvement of secondary branches (26.6% vs. 27.6%; p < 0.0001). In contrast, in women there was higher rate of calcified lesions (23.4% vs. 22.8%; p < 0.0001) and a smaller vessel diameter (2.95 mm ± 0.66 mm vs. 3.04 mm ± 0.75 mm; p = 0,001) and stent length (17.2 mm ± 7.1 mm vs. 17.7 mm ± 7.3 mm; p = 0.04) was observed. Women tend to have a higher rate of unsuccessful procedures (0.75% vs. 0.68%; p = 0,077), and presented higher rates of death (1.20% vs. 0.79%; p < 0.0001) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (0.54% vs. 0.41%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: PCI performed in female Brazilian patients showed a slightly less favorable in-hospital results compared to male patients and was associated, among other factors, to a triad of more advanced age, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and, probably, a smaller vessel diameter.