ABSTRACT. The objective was to assess the physiological and behavioral variables of pasture-raised Holstein heifers on the basis of their coat color. Eight heifers were used, four with black coat, and four with white coat. In the morning and afternoon periods, their physiological variables were measured, namely respiratory rate (RR, mov min. -1), rectal temperature (TR, ºC), and coat surface temperature (TS, ºC). The behavior analysis considered the site (sun or shade), position (standing or lying down), and activities (idleness, rumination, grazing, and others). The data of the physiological variables were assessed through analysis of variance, and significance, through Tukey’s test at 5%, while behavioral data were assessed using the Chi-squared test (SAS Software). There was a difference for all of the heifers’ physiological variables as a function of coat color (p < 0.0001) and period (p < 0.0001), with black ones showing greater results than white ones as to all physiological variables in the afternoon period (p < 0.0001). Grazing behavior is reduced during the hottest hours of the day. We conclude that solar radiation changes the physiological variables and grazing behavior of pasture-raised Holstein heifers.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Soft tissue undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) in extremities is considered a rare neoplasm, corresponding to 5% of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) today. The objective was to evaluate prognostic factors related to death, local recurrence (LR), and impact on survival rates. Methods: A retrospective study including 42 patients with UPS in extremities treated surgically in a single center. Comparisons were made between demographic data, characteristics of the neoplasia, and treatment. Between the variables with statistical significance, logistic regression analysis was used. Survival rates were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots. To compare the effect of variables on survival rates, the Log-Rank test was used. Results: Age group of patients was from 25 to 85 years (mean 58 years), with a mean follow-up of 29.6 months. The variables with the highest effect on survival rates were sizes larger than 15 cm (T4) with p = 0.01, presence of metastatic lesions, and prognostic stage IV according to the American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) with p < 0.001. The mean survival was 25.9 months. Metastasis and stage IV of AJCC were associated with a reduction in patient survival (17.8 months) with Log-Rank test p < 0.001. Conclusion: The main factors of poor prognosis related to mortality and reduction of survival of UPS in extremities were metastatic lesions and stage IV of AJCC. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.

RESUMO O sarcoma pleomórfico indiferenciado (SPI) de tecidos moles em extremidades, neoplasia rara, correspondente a 5% dos sarcomas de tecidos moles (STM). Objetivo: Avaliar fatores de prognóstico relacionados a óbito, recorrência local (RL) e impacto na sobrevida geral. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 42 pacientes com SPI tratados cirurgicamente em centro único. Foram comparados dados demográficos, características da neoplasia e de tratamento; e para as variáveis com significância estatística, foi realizada análise de regressão logística. A sobrevida foi avaliada através de gráficos de Kaplan-Meier; e os efeito das variáveis sobre a sobrevida, por meio do teste de log-rank. Resultados: Os pacientes tinham idades entre 25 e 85 anos (média de 58 anos), com seguimento ambulatorial médio de 29,6 meses. As variáveis com maior relação com o desfecho óbito foram tamanho maior que 15 cm (T4), com p = 0,01, metástases e estágio IV de prognóstico da American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), com p < 0,001. A sobrevida média dos pacientes foi de 25,9 meses. Presença de metástase e estágio IV da AJCC foram associados à redução na sobrevida dos pacientes (17,8 meses; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os principais fatores de mau prognóstico relacionados ao óbito e à redução da sobrevida dos pacientes com SPI foram doença metastática e estágio IV da AJCC. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Retrospectivo.

Resumen la El mundo del trabajo se ha reorganizado significativamente en la cultura del capitalismo global y flexible y ha requerido un nuevo perfil de trabajadores. Por lo tanto, el trabajo docente también se ha modificado debido a las metamorfosis simultáneas que se produjeron a partir de los constantes movimientos en el ámbito de la economía, la educación, la política, e incluso debido a la cultura digital, que afectan la vida y la profesión de los docentes. Ante este nuevo panorama social y cultural, nuestro objetivo es discutir aspectos que implican la transición “de los cuadernos amarillos a los archivos infinitos”, proporcionada, sobre todo, por la cultura digital y su potencial de cambio en el trabajo docente. El objetivo es comprender los principales cambios que ocurrieron en el trabajo de un grupo de docentes de educación superior de un Centro Universitario en el interior de Goiás, Brasil. Participaron en la investigación de campo, como entrevistados, 15 docentes. Los resultados obtenidos se sometieron al análisis de contenido temático para la organización y el tratamiento de la información. Entre las principales conclusiones, se encuentra que las tecnologías digitales interfieren en los procesos, la naturaleza, las dimensiones y el desarrollo del trabajo docente en la educación superior, probablemente porque no se caracterizan como aspectos invisibles en el proceso de trabajo en la cultura digital.

Resumo política O mundo do trabalho tem sido significativamente reorganizado na cultura do capitalismo global e flexível e vem requerendo um novo perfil de trabalhador. Assim, também o trabalho docente tem sido modificado em razão das metamorfoses simultâneas ocorridas a partir dos constantes movimentos no âmbito da economia, educação, política, e até mesmo em função da cultura digital, que afetam a vida e a profissão dos professores. Dado esse novo panorama social e cultural, aqui objetiva-se discutir aspectos que envolvem a transição “dos cadernos amarelos aos arquivos infinitos”, propiciada, sobretudo, pela cultura digital e seu potencial de mudança no trabalho docente. O foco é compreender as principais mudanças ocorridas no trabalho de um grupo de docentes do ensino superior de um Centro Universitário do interior de Goiás, Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa de campo, como entrevistados, 15 docentes. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo temática para a organização e tratamento das informações. Entre as principais conclusões, tem-se que as tecnologias digitais interferem nos processos, natureza, dimensões e desenvolvimento do trabalho docente no ensino superior, provavelmente pelo fato de elas não se caracterizarem como aspectos invisíveis no processo de trabalho na cultura digital.

Abstract The world of work has been significantly reorganized in the culture of global capitalism and has required a new worker profile. Thus, the teaching work has also been modified due to the simultaneous metamorphoses that occurred from the constant movements in the scope of economics, education, politics, and even due to the digital culture, which affect the lifes and the profession of teachers. Given this new social and cultural panorama, the aim here is to discuss aspects that involve the transition “from yellow notebooks to infinite archives”, brought about, above all, by digital culture and its potential for change in teaching work. The focus is to understand the main changes that occurred in the work of a group of higher education teachers at a University Center in the interior of Goiás, Brazil. A total of 15 teachers were interviewed. The results obtained were submitted to thematic content analysis for the organization and treatment of information. Among the main conclusions, there is that digital technologies interfere in the processes, nature, dimensions and development of teaching work in higher education, probably because they are not characterized as invisible aspects in the work process in digital culture.

ABSTRACT. Yacon is a perennial herbaceous plant that naturally occurs in South America at altitudes ranging from 2,000 m to 3,100 m above sea level. The yacon culture has recently grown in popularity as it has high productive potential in mild climates and multiple benefits to human health. This study aimed to determine the lower and upper base temperatures, cycle duration, and thermal constant for the yacon culture, based on phenological data from field experiments that were carried out during three growing seasons (fall, winter, and spring) in 2013. The experiments were conducted in the municipality of Ibatiba in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replicates. The lower base temperature was determined using methods of the lowest standard deviation in days and degree-days, relative development, and variation coefficient in degree-days for two subperiods: emergence to maturation, and onset of tuberization to maturation. The upper base temperature was determined by the standard deviation and coefficient of variation methods, both in degrees-days. The relationship between meteorological elements and the onset of tuberization was also investigated. The lower base temperature values determined for yacon were 12.5ºC in the two subperiods studied with a base temperature above 34.0ºC. The productivity of these tuberous roots was higher in the fall because of the longer cycle, lower temperature, and lower photoperiod. In turn, a higher thermal sum was needed to initiate tuberization with the delay of planting.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of oral health-related shame and the associated factors among 8-to-10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 children randomly selected from public and private schools of Diamantina, southeastern Brazil. In order to identify the feeling of shame, self-reports were collected through a single question, “In the last month, did you feel ashamed because of your teeth or mouth? Two calibrated examiners performed the clinical examination for dental caries (DMFT/dmft index), traumatic dental injuries (O’ Brien), and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Sociodemographic indicators were obtained through a questionnaire answered by the children’s caregivers. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (95%CI; p < 0.05). The prevalence of shame was 38.1% (n = 148). The adjusted regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between shame and untreated dental caries (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.04–1.74; p = 0.02), age of 10 years (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05–1.76; p = 0.01), and with parents with less than eight years of schooling (PR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.00–1.68; p = 0.04). Older children with untreated dental caries and whose parents had lower education level presented a higher prevalence of oral health-related shame.

Resumo Introdução Atualmente, diferentes escalas têm sido utilizadas para medir a dor no contexto clínico, especialmente na prática odontológica. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as escalas de dor comumente utilizadas em pesquisas clínicas e na prática clínica odontológica, identificando as mais fáceis de serem compreendidas pelos pacientes com hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical. Método Setenta e quatro pacientes com hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical foram estimulados por um teste térmico para avaliação do dente sensível, seguido pela aplicação de diferentes escalas para avaliação de dor (Escala Visual Analógica, Faces de Dor, Escala Numérica e Escala Verbal) e de um questionário complementar para avaliar a percepção do paciente em relação à facilidade de compreensão das escalas. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de correlação de Wilcoxon, Spearman e Qui-Quadrado. Resultados Uma forte correlação positiva foi encontrada entre as quatro escalas avaliadas (r = 0,798 a 0,960; p < 0,001). De acordo com os pacientes, a escala de mais fácil compreensão foi a Escala Verbal (52,7%). Conclusão As escalas para mensuração da dor fornecem informações semelhantes sobre a dor relatada na hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical. A afinidade do paciente pela escala de dor pode direcionar a escolha da escala a ser utilizada na prática clínica odontológica nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde.

Abstract Background Currently, different pain scales are used extensively to measure clinical pain, especially in dental practice. Objective This study aims to compare pain scales used in clinical research and dental practice, identifying the easiest to understand by patients with Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity. Method Seventy-four patients with Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity were stimulated by a thermic test of the sensitive tooth, followed by application of different pain measurement scales (Visual Analogue Scale, Faces Pain Scales, Numeric Rating Scale, and Verbal Rating Scale) and by a questionnaire to evaluate the patient's perception regarding the ease of understanding scales. The statistic tests used were the Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation, and Chi-Square tests. Results The results founded a strong positive correlation between the scales (r = 0.798 to 0.960 p <0.001). The was easiest scale to understand according to the patients was the Verbal Rating Scale (52.7%). Conclusion The pain measurement scales evaluated provide similar information about pain reported in the Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity allowing the comparison between studies that used them to measure pain. The affinity of the patient with the pain scale can guide the clinical dental practice in the different levels of health care.

ABSTRACT The agricultural sector is considered an important source of greenhouse gases, in which the coffee crop has an important contribution, participating in the dynamics of soil C and CO2 emissions. In this way, the aim of this study was to analyze and quantify CO2 emissions in different phenological phases in soil cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner), and compare it with CO2 flow in forest and pasture area. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Area of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, in an experimental plot of 0.5 ha cultivated with conilon Vitória coffee clones. The quantification of soil CO2 flux was performed between July 2016 and June 2017, this period comprising all the seasons of the year, using in two rounds of ratings (day and night), with five replicates each. For comparison purposes, another measurement of the CO2 stream was conducted in June 2017 with an evaluation period of 24 h. The highest CO2 emission occurred during the harvest phases of the fruit (206.7 mg CO2 m-2 h-1). The lowest daily CO2 flow records were observed in the rest and flowering phases with values of 82.1 and 83.6 CO2 mg m-2 h-1, respectively. The CO2 emission from the forest was higher than the emissions that occurred in the area planted with conilon coffee and pasture, during dry season

RESUMO O uso de modelos de culturas que integram informações de solo, clima, cultivar e práticas de manejo pode ampliar a compreensão das interações entre o sistema de cultivo da soja e a variabilidade climática local. Objetivou-se analisar a potencialidade da soja em ambiente de produção amazônico, bem como determinar uma janela ótima de semeadura, por meio de modelagem agrometeorológica. Um modelo de cultura foi utilizado para simular o rendimento da soja para 18 datas de semeadura, ao longo de uma série histórica de 33 anos de dados meteorológicos, sob condições potencial e atingível. O rendimento potencial da soja variou de 3.785 kg ha-1 a 5.114 kg ha-1, devido à disponibilidade energética local. Por outro lado, o rendimento médio atingível variou de 557 kg ha-1 a 4.700 kg ha-1, devido, principalmente, às condições de umidade do solo. A menor diferença entre o rendimento potencial e o atingível foi observada entre as datas de semeadura 01 de janeiro e 15 de fevereiro, sendo que, nesta janela, a probabilidade de se obterem rendimentos acima de 3.500 kg ha-1 foi superior a 90 %.

ABSTRACT The use of crop models that integrate soil, climate, cultivar and management information may broaden the understanding of the interactions between soybean cropping system and local climate variability. This study aimed to analyze the potentiality of soybean in an Amazonian production environment, as well as to determine an optimal sowing window via agrometeorological modeling. A crop model was programmed to simulate the soybean yield for 18 sowing dates, obtained along 33 years of climatic data, under attainable and potential conditions. The simulated potential of soybean yield ranged from 3,785 kg ha-1 to 5,114 kg ha-1, owing to the local energy availability, whereas the average attainable yield ranged from 557 kg ha-1 to 4,700 kg ha-1, mainly because of the soil moisture conditions. The smallest difference between the potential and attainable yields was observed in the sowing dates from 01-Jan to 15-Feb. For this window, the probability of obtaining yields above 3,500 kg ha-1 was higher than 90 %.

RESUMO Nas últimas décadas, as áreas de cultivos irrigados no estado de Minas Gerais vêm crescendo bastante, contribuindo assim para aumento da produção agrícola no País. Dentre as técnicas de manejo da irrigação, tem-se a determinação do consumo de água pelas plantas tomando por base a evapotranspiração de referência (ET0), diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar e calibrar o método Hargreaves-Samani (HS) e um Método Proposto (MP) frente ao método padrão Penman-Monteith-FAO (PM-FAO) para o estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de 52 estações meteorológicas convencionais do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Estimou-se a ET0 pelos métodos citados incluindo o método Hargreaves-Samani calibrado (HScal). com base no erro absoluto médio (EAM). A análise dos métodos foi conduzida mediante aos seguintes indicadores estatísticos: raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio (REQM), raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio sistemático (REQMs), raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio não sistemático (REQMns), proporções do erro quadrático médio sistemático e não sistemático, índice de concordância de Willmott (d), índice de confiança (C) e coeficiente de correlação (r). Constatou-se que o após calibração, o método HScal obteve um desempenho superior ao método HS original em todas as estações estudadas. Observou-se também um desempenho superior do MP com relação ao método HScal, em todas as estações estudadas.

ABSTRACT In the last decades, the areas of irrigated crops in the state of Minas Gerais have grown considerably, contributing to increase agricultural production in the country. Among the techniques of irrigation management, the determination of the water consumption by the plants is based on the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), the objective of this work was to evaluate and calibrate the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) method and a Proposed Method (MP) against the standard Penman-Monteith-FAO method (PM-FAO) for the state of Minas Gerais. For that, data from 52 conventional meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. ET0 was estimated by the methods cited including the Hargreaves-Samani calibrated method (HScal) based on the mean absolute error (MAE). The analysis of the methods was carried out using the following statistical indicators: root mean square error (RMSE), systematic root mean square error (RMSEs), unsystematic root mean square error (RMSEun), the proportions of systematic and unsystematic mean square error, Willmott’s concordance index (d), confidence index (C) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It was verified that after the calibration, the HScal method obtained a superior performance to the original HS method in all the studied stations. It was also observed a superior MP performance with respect to the HScal method, in all stations studied.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever didaticamente a craniotomia orbitozigomática realizada em três peças. Método Esse acesso foi realizado em 49 pacientes, de 2002 a 2011 em pacientes admitidos no Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo. Resultados Vinte e sete pacientes apresentavam lesões vasculares e vinte e dois sofriam de tumores da base do crânio. As lesões vasculares variaram entre angiomas cavernosos do mesencéfalo, aneurismas topo da artéria basilar com bifurcações altas, aneurismas da artéria cerebelas superior a malformações arteriovenosas na cisterna interpeduncular. Tumores da base do crânio como meningeomas, hamartomas interpedunculares e gliomas no assoalho do terceiro ventrículo estão entre as lesões neoplásicas abordadas. Nós não tivemos sequelas definitivas e tivemos mínimas complicações temporárias. Conclusão Trata-se de um texto descritivo, dividido conforme as principais etapas da realização desta craniotomia, o qual descreve com detalhes a técnica com que o presente grupo de autores evolutivamente veio a realizá-la.

ABSTRACT Objective Didactically describe the orbitozygomatic craniotomy made in three pieces. Method This approach was performed, from 2002 to 2011, in 49 patients admitted at Beneficência Portuguesa of São Paulo Hospital. Results Twenty-seven patients had vascular lesions and twenty-two suffered for intracranial skull base tumors. The vascular lesions varied from cavernous angiomas inside the mesencephalum, high bifurcation basilar tip aneurysms, superior cerebellar arteries aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations in the interpeduncular cistern. Skull base tumors as meningiomas, interpeduncular hamartomas and third ventricle floor gliomas were among the neoplastic lesions approached. We had no permanent injuries and minimal transient complications had occurred. Conclusion It is a descriptive text, organized in the sequence of the main stages in which such a craniotomy is performed, describing in details the technique in which this group of evolutionarily authors came to accomplish the task.

Objetivo Estudar o posicionamento da cabeça para a cirurgia de aneurismas cerebrais da circulação anterior. Método Dividimos o estudo em duas partes. Inicialmente, dez cabeças de cadáveres frescos foram posicionadas e dissecadas de modo a expor, de maneira ideal, os principais sítios de aneurismas na circulação anterior do cérebro. Posteriormente, 110 pacientes foram submetidos a microcirurgia para clipagem de aneurismas cerebrais da circulação anterior. Durante as cirurgias, as cabeças foram posicionadas de acordo com a localização específica de cada aneurisma e o resultado obtido no estudo dos cadáveres. Cada paciente teve sua posição avaliada quanto a sua eficácia. Resultados Obtivemos basicamente dois padrões de posicionamento da cabeça para cirurgias de aneurismas cerebrais da circulação anterior. Conclusão A melhor exposição cirúrgica está relacionada à posição específica da cabeça para cada localização aneurismática. O ângulo de visão microscópica adequado minimiza lesões neurovasculares e a excessiva retração cerebral.

Objective To study the ideal patient's head positioning for the anterior circulation aneurysms microsurgery. Method We divided the study in two parts. Firstly, 10 fresh cadaveric heads were positioned and dissected in order to ideally expose the anterior circulation aneurysm sites. Afterwards, 110 patients were submitted to anterior circulation aneurysms microsurgery. During the surgery, the patient's head was positioned accordingly to the aneurysm location and the results from the cadaveric study. The effectiveness of the position was noted. Results We could determine mainly two patterns for head positioning for the anterior circulation aneurysms. Conclusion The best surgical exposure is related to specific head positions. The proper angle of microscopic view may minimize neurovascular injury and brain retraction.

O presente artigo visa descrever de forma didática e prática a realização da craniotomia suboccipital extremo-lateral. Trata-se, portanto, de um texto fundamentalmente descritivo, dividido conforme as principais etapas da realização dessa craniotomia, e que descreve com detalhes a técnica com que o presente grupo de autores evolutivamente veio a realizá-la.

This article intends to describe in a didactical and practical manner the suboccipital far-lateral craniotomy. This is then basically a descriptive text, divided according to the main stages involved in this procedure, and that describes with details how the authors currently perform this craniotomy.

O presente artigo visa descrever de forma didática e prática a realização da craniotomia pré-temporal aplicada em oitenta pacientes de 2002 a 2012. Trata-se, portanto, de um texto fundamentalmente descritivo, dividido conforme as principais etapas da realização desta craniotomia, e que descreve com detalhes a técnica com que o presente grupo de autores evolutivamente veio a realizá-la.

This paper aims to describe the performance of the pretemporal craniotomy performed didactically from 2002 to 2012 in eighty patients. It is therefore a fundamentally descriptive text, organized in the sequence of the main stages in which such a craniotomy is performed, and describing in detail the technique with which this group of evolutionarily authors came to accomplish the task.

O conhecimento sobre a biota do Cerrado e sobre os fatores que influenciam a distribuição das espécies é de suma importância num cenário em que as atividades antrópicas têm levado à destruição e fragmentação deste bioma. Esta pesquisa foi realizada num fragmento de cerrado em Curvelo, Minas Gerais, e teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos de borda sobre fatores relacionados à biologia reprodutiva de Miconia albicans, com atenção particular à dispersão secundária de sementes por formigas. Foram estas variáveis estudadas: (i) composição de espécies de formigas interagindo com frutos de M. albicans; (ii) taxa de remoção de frutos; (iii) tipos de interação entre formigas e frutos; (iv) distância de dispersão; (v) produção de frutos; (vi) abundância e porte de M. albicans. Nove espécies de formigas foram observadas interagindo com frutos de M. albicans. A taxa de remoção de frutos foi de 86% no interior e de 58% na borda do fragmento. A distância de dispersão variou entre 0,10-12 m, e não houve diferença significativa entre os dois ambientes (p = 0,24). Não houve diferença significativa na produção de frutos entre borda e interior (p = 0,15). A abundância de M. albicans foi significativamente maior na borda do que no interior (p = 5,088 x 10^-10), contudo os indivíduos do interior apresentaram maior porte. Estes resultados sugerem que o efeito de borda não causa alterações significativas na remoção de frutos de M. albicans por formigas. Contudo, a aparente maior abundância de formigas na borda parece impedir que estas plantas alcancem grande porte.

Knowledge with regard to the Cerrado biota and the factors influencing species distribution is fundamental in a scenario in which antropic activities cause the destruction and fragmentation of this biome. This study performed in a cerrado fragment located in Curvelo (Minas Gerais), in southeastern Brazil. Our objective was to evaluate the edge effects on factors relating the reproductive biology of Miconia albicans, with special emphasis on the secondary seed dispersal by ants. The studied variables included: (i) composition of ants interacting with M. albicans fruits; (ii) fruit removal rate; (iii) kinds of ant-fruit interactions; (iv) dispersal distance; (v) fruit production; (vi) abundance and size of M. albicans. Nine species of ants interacted with M. albicans fruits. Fruit removal rate was 86% in the interior, and 58% and 58% along the edge of the fragment. Dispersal distance varied between 0,10-12 m, and there was no significant difference between the two environments (p = 0,24). There was no significant difference in fruit production between edge and interior (p = 0,15). M. albicans shrubs were significantly more abundant along the edge of the fragment (p = 5,088 x 10^-10), however, the individuals in the interior of the fragment were significantly larger. These results suggest that the edge does not affect fruit removal by ants, however, the apparent higher abundance of ants along the border of the fragment seem to prevent these plants to achieve large sizes.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados cirúrgicos da instrumentação com parafusos do áxis. MÉTODOS: Avaliação retrospectiva de dados clínicos e radiológicos de pacientes submetidos à instrumentação com parafusos do áxis. RESULTADOS: Dezessete pacientes foram tratados cirurgicamente. A média de idade foi de 41,8 anos (faixa: 12-73 anos). Trauma na coluna foi a causa mais comum de instabilidade (8 casos - 47%). Fixação bilateral do áxis foi realizada em todos os casos, exceto em um, com parafuso de lâmina (total de 33 parafusos). Em sete pacientes (41,1%), foram usados parafusos de pars; em seis, parafusos de lâmina; e em dois, de pedículos. Em dois casos, foi utilizada uma combinação de técnicas (pars + lâmina e pars + pedículo). Não houve piora neurológica nem complicações diretas em decorrência do uso dos parafusos. CONCLUSÃO: A instrumentação do áxis foi eficaz e segura independentemente da técnica escolhida para estabilização. Com base em nossa experiência, foi proposto um algoritmo para auxílio na escolha da melhor técnica a ser empregada.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the surgical results of axis screw instrumentation. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the clinical and radiological data of patients submitted to axis fixation using screws. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were surgically treated. The mean age was 41.8 years (range: 12-73). Spinal cord trauma was the most common cause of instability (8 patients - 47%). Bilateral axis fixation was performed in all cases, except one, with laminar screw (total of 33 axis screws). Seven patients (41.1%) underwent bilateral pars screws; laminar screws were used in six cases and pedicular screws were used in two. In two cases, we performed a hybrid construction (laminar + pars and pedicle + pars). There was no neurological worsening or death, nor complications directly related to use axis screws. CONCLUSION: Axis instrumentation was effective and safe, regardless of the technique used for stabilization. Based on our learnt experience, we proposed an algorithm to choose the best technique for axis screw fixation.