ABSTRACT Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda, Anacardiaceae) is a fruit species native to the semi-arid region of Brazil and economically important for several regions. The objective of this study was to determine equations to estimate the leaflet area of S. tuberosa genotypes. A total of 1,000 leaflets was collected from four genotypes (250 leaflets of each genotype) of S. tuberosa. In each leaflet collected, the length, width, and leaflet area were measured, and the product between length and width was calculated. Linear, linear with intercept, power, and exponential regression models were used to fit the equations. The criteria for choosing the best equation were based on Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Akaike’s information criteria, Willmott’s concordance indices, and root mean square error. The product-adjusted equations between length and width can be used to estimate the leaflet area of all S. tuberosa genotypes. The leaflet area of the species (pooled data) can be estimated accurately and quickly from equations obtained with the linear models without intercept (ŷ = 0.6911*LW) and power (ŷ = 0.7127*LW0.9888). Spondias Arruda Anacardiaceae semiarid semi arid regions S 1000 1 000 1,00 250 (25 genotype measured calculated Linear Pearsons Pearson s coefficients Akaikes Akaike Willmotts Willmott indices error productadjusted adjusted pooled data ŷ 0.6911*LW 06911LW LW 0 6911 0.7127*LW0.9888. 07127LW09888 0.7127*LW0.9888 . 7127 LW0 9888 0.7127*LW0.9888) 100 00 1,0 25 (2 691 07127LW0988 0.7127*LW0.988 712 988 10 1, 2 ( 69 07127LW098 0.7127*LW0.98 71 98 6 07127LW09 0.7127*LW0.9 7 9 07127LW0 0.7127*LW0. 07127LW 0.7127*LW0 0.7127*LW

ABSTRACT The umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.) is a fruit tree native to the semi-arid of Brazil, with significant environmental and agro-socioeconomic potential for the region. Determining leaflet area (LA) is essential for understanding the interactions between plant growth, physiology, nutrition, and environment. Thus, this research aims to construct allometric equations that non-destructively estimate the umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.) leaflet area, considering the leaflet dimensions (length and width). The leaflets were collected from mother plants of umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.) and individually measured for length (L), width (W), and LA using digitized images. These data were submitted for descriptive and regression analysis. The LA was estimated using, linear power, and exponential regression models based on the L and W of the leaflets. The best model and equation were chosen based on the following selection criteria: coefficient of determination, Willmott agreement index, root mean square error, and mean absolute error. The power model using LW presented the best equation ŷ = 0.76 * LW0.98 to estimate the leaflet area of umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.). This study provides a reliable, accurate, fast, and non-destructive approach for agronomic researchers and growers to determine the LA of the species. umbucajazeira umbu cajazeira Spondias sp. sp semiarid semi arid Brazil agrosocioeconomic agro socioeconomic region (LA growth physiology nutrition environment Thus nondestructively non destructively width. . width) L, , (L) W, (W) images analysis criteria determination index error 076 0 76 0.7 LW098 LW0 98 LW0.9 sp.. reliable accurate fast nondestructive destructive species (L (W 07 7 0. LW09 9 LW0.

RESUMO A umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.) é uma frutífera nativa do semiárido brasileiro, com grande potencial ambiental e agrossocioeconômico para região. A determinação da área foliar (LA) é importante para compreensão das interações entre o crescimento, fisiologia, nutrição das plantas e o ambiente. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é construir equações alométricas que estime de forma não destrutiva a área foliar umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.), considerando as dimensões dos folíolos (comprimento e largura). Os folíolos foram coletados de plantas matrizes de umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.), e medidos individualmente quanto ao comprimento (L), largura (W) e LA por meio de imagens digitalizadas. Estes dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e de regressão. A LA foi estimada utilizando os modelos de regressão linear, potência e exponencial, baseados no L e W dos folíolos. O melhor modelo e equação foi escolhido com base nos critérios de seleção: coeficiente de determinação, índice de concordância de Willmott, raiz do erro quadrático médio e erro absoluto médio. O modelo potência utilizando LW apresentou a melhor equação 0.76 * LW0.98 para estimar a área dos folíolos de umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.). Este estudo fornece uma abordagem confiável, precisa, rápida e não destrutiva para pesquisadores e produtores do meio agronômico determinarem a LA da espécie. umbucajazeira umbu cajazeira Spondias sp. sp brasileiro região (LA crescimento fisiologia ambiente Assim sp., , largura. . largura) L, (L) (W digitalizadas linear exponencial seleção Willmott 076 0 76 0.7 LW098 LW0 98 LW0.9 sp.. confiável precisa espécie (L 07 7 0. LW09 9 LW0.

Abstract Microalgae are considered a rich source of biostimulants for plants, as an excellent business opportunity for the agricultural sector, as they can activate plant metabolism, contributing to the improvement in physiological performance, phytomass and, subsequently, vigor and quality of seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Spirulina platensis biomass, in enabling improvements in physiological performance, phytomass and, subsequently, vigor and quality of cashew rootstock seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (concentrations x rootstock), with three replications. The concentrations used were 0%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.12% and the FAGA and CCP 76 genotypes. The seeds were immersed in the solutions for 12 hours. Applications were made via the leaves at 30 days after sowing (DAS), with an interval of seven days between each application and at 90 DAS evaluations were made. The FAGA and CCP 76 genotypes showed a positive response to the supply of S. platensis, with concentrations 0.04% and 0.08% which provided greater root length, aerial part length, number of leaves, diameter and leaf area. Concentrations 0.04% and 0.08% also promoted better percentages in the physiology of the CCP 76 genotype, while the FAGA genotype showed opposite action, which may be related to the mode of action of the microalgae on the different genetic and phenotypic characteristics of each genotype. The 0.12% concentration provided greater accumulations of aerial part and total dry mass to the genotypes.

Abstract The use of biodegradable coatings to conserve fruits and vegetables stands out in the food industry. This study aims to evaluate the postharvest quality of papaya Formosa 'Tainung 01' submitted to different coating formulations, to establish the one that best maintains the postharvest quality. The fruits, distributed in a completely randomized design, received the coatings composed of aqueous solution of agar and pomegranate seed oil in the following compositions (with 6 treatments and 5 replicates): T1: 0.5% agar and 0.1 mL/L oil; T2: 1.0% agar and 0.2 mL/L oil; T3: 1.5% agar and 0.3 mL/L oil; T4: 2.0% agar and 0.4 mL/L of oil; T5: 2.5% of agar and 0.5 mL/L of oil; and T6: Control, uncoated. The experiment lasted ten days packing at 17.5 ± 0.6 °C and 55 ± 3, 2% RH. T4 provided better conservation of the quality attributes in papaya. Fruits in this treatment showed higher vitamin C content, higher soluble solids and total sugars, and lower titratable acidity, important characteristics for product acceptance. Besides, T4 better conserved the green (external) color of the fruits, while fruits submitted to the other treatments acquired a yellowish coloration.