In this work we synthesized pigments capable of developing dental shades when mixed with dental porcelain and fired at appropriate temperatures. TiO2-xCeO2 pigments (x = 2, 6, 10, 13 and 18 mol%) were synthesized by the Pechini method. Characterization by thermal analysis revealed the stability of the material at temperatures up to 1200 ºC. X-ray diffraction showed stable crystalline phases (rutile to TiO2 and cerianite to CeO2) for all pigments studied. Color of pigments was characterized by colorimetric coordinates according to the CIELAB method and reflectance measurements in the visible region. Through colorimetric analysis it was possible to verify the potential use of these pigments in dental ceramics.

Sol-gel synthesis has been investigated in order to produce stoichiometric compositions of Ba3Co2Fe24O41 (Co2Z) at lower calcination temperatures, using citric acid as quelant complex. Using this method, Co2Z ferrite could be synthesized at 950 °C, about 400 °C lower than that of conventional method. Nanocomposites (80:20% weight) of this ferrite with polychloroprene (CR) were obtained for the microwave absorption measurements by mixing, molding and curing mixtures of Ba3Co2Fe24O41 powders with polychloroprene and the additives of vulcanization. The microwave absorption measurements was carried out using the Transmission/Reflection method for the S and X-Ku bands and showed the best performance as Radar Absorber Material (RAM) in 8.0-16.0 GHz range. Thus, the material can be used by reducing the radar signature of the Brazilian Frigates' superstructures.

The magnetic behavior and its relationship with microwave absorbing properties have been investigated for doped Z-type barium hexaferrites (Ba3Co1.3Zn0.3Cu0.4Fe 24O41)/ polychloroprene (CR) nanocomposites. Simultaneous substitutions by Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions make possible the use of these materials as RAMs, due to the frequency dependence of µr* (permeability), responsible for the location of the hexaferrite natural resonance. The Cu2+ ions distort the crystalline field due to their electronic configuration, and this behavior results in an increase in the saturation magnetization (Ms), which improve the magnetic permeability. Similarly, the superparamagnetic contribution (associated to the nanometric size) led to the improvement of the microwave absorption.

The crystallization process of co-precipitated Y1.5Gd1.5Fe5O12 powder heated up to 1000 ºC at rate of 5 °C min-1 was investigated. Above 810 ºC crystalline Y1.47Gd1.53Fe5O12 was obtained with a lattice parameter of 12.41 Å and a theoretical density of 5.84 g cm-3. Dry pressed rings were sintered at 1270 and 1320 ºC, increasing the grain-size from 3.1 to 6.5 µm, the theoretical density by 87.6 to 95.3% and decreasing Hc from 2.9725 to 1.4005 Oe. Additionally, Hc increased when the frequency of the hysteresis graph varied from 60 Hz to 10 kHz, the curie temperature was 282.4 ºC and Ms equalled 9.25 emu g-1 (0.17 kG) agreeing well with the Bs-value of the hysteresis graph and literature values.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em cimentos utilizados exclusivamente para cimentação de trabalhos protéticos indiretos, as reais melhorias mecânicas dos ionômeros modificados com resina em relação aos ionômeros convencionais. Desenvolvimentos termodinâmicos foram realizados para melhor compreender os vidros componentes dos cimentos estudados, bem como melhor interpretar resultados experimentais. O trabalho experimental realizado com três cimentos ( Ketac Cem - ESPE, Fuji Plus - GC e Vitremer - 3M) caracterizados como cimentantes, isto é, utilizados na cimentação de trabalhos odontológicos indiretos, consistiu em: caracterização do pó original dos cimentos através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura; determinação da espessura de película de cimentação; análise por microscopia ótica de seções de corte de amostras de cimento curado; e ensaios de resistência à compressão em amostras de cimento curado. Foram obtidos os resultados de análises estatísticas dos dados coletados sobre espessura de película de cimento vedante e da resistência à compressão do mesmo. Concluiu-se que a espessura de película do cimento Vitremer é significativamente menor do que aquela do cimento Ketac Cem, que por sua vez é significativamente menor do que a do cimentoFuji Plus; a resistência à compressão do cimento Fuji plus é significativamente maior do que aquela do cimento Vitremer, que é por sua vez significativamente maior do que aquela do cimento Ketac Cem.

The objective of this work was to evaluate, in cements exclusively used for luting indirect prosthetic works, the effective mechanical improvements of resin modified glass-ionomer compared to those of conventional glass-ionomers. Thermodynamic developments were carried out in order to better understand the glass components making part the glass ionomer cements. The experimental work performed with 3 luting cements (Ketac Cem - ESPE, Fuji Plus - GC and Vitremer - 3M) consisted of characterization of the original cement powders by SEM; determination of the thickness of the luting cement; optical microscopy analysis of the cross sections from cured cement samples; and compression strength tests on cured cement samples. Results of the statistical analyses from data collected on luting cement thickness and on compressive strength of the cements were obtained. The following conclusions were achieved: Vitremer cement thickness is significantly smaller than that of Ketac Cem cement, which in turn is significantly smaller than that of Fuji Plus; the compressive strength of the Fuji Plus cement is significantly higher than that of Vitremer cement, which in turn is significantly higher than that of Ketac Cem cement.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a correlação das propriedades mecânicas (resistências à compressão e à flexão) dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais com a composição química e a distribuição de tamanho de partícula do vidro do cimento ionomérico de vidro como encontrado no mercado. A revisão bibliográfica realizada evidenciou o mérito dos cimentos de ionômeros de vidro convencionais quanto à sua adesão ao esmalte, à dentina e às ligas metálicas odontológicas, quanto à sua capacidade de liberação gradual e prolongada de fluoreto (com efeito anti-cariogênico), mas também mostrou a sua baixa resistência coesiva e a alta solubilidade em meio aquoso. O trabalho experimental foi realizado com 5 cimentos (Vidrion R, Vidrion F e Vidrion C - SSWITE, Ketac Cem e Ketac Fill - ESPE) caracterizados como restauradores e cimentantes (utilizados na restauração de cavidades e cimentação de trabalhos odontológicos indiretos, confeccionados em laboratório de prótese), e consistiu-se em: caracterização do pó original dos cimentos por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, medição dos tamanhos de partícula dos pós, análise pela difração de raios-X, e ensaios de resistência à compressão em amostras de cimento curado. Conclusões: Vidrion C possui resistência suficiente para ser substituto eventual como cimento restaurador; o envelhecimento de 2 meses fortalece os cimentos Vidrion C e R; sem envelhecimento, Ketac Fill apresentou melhor resistência à compressão do que o Vidrion C; os vidros dos pós de cimentos de ionômero de vidro podem apresentar-se fortemente cristalizados no seu estado como recebido do fabricante.

The objective of this work was to study the relationship between the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength) of conventional glass-ionomer cements as a function of its chemical composition and glass particle size distribution as it is found in the market. The literature review evidenced the merit of conventional glass-ionomer cements in that concerns their adhesion to enamel, to dentin and to dental metal-alloys, in that relates to their ability to graded and long-term fluorine liberation (counter-cariogenic effect) but also showed its low cohesive strength and high solubility in aqueous medium. The experimental work was carried out with 5 cements (Vidrion R, Vidrion F and Vidrion C - SSWITE, Ketac Cem and Ketac Fill - ESPE) characterized as restorative and lutinhg cements (utilized in restoration of cavities and luting of indirect dental works, made by dental prosthesis laboratories), and consisted of characterization of the original cements powders by using scanning electron microscopy, powder particle size measurement, x-ray diffraction, and compressive strength tests in samples of cured cements. Conclusions: Vidrion C has enough strength for eventual replace cement in tooth restoration; the 2 month aging increases the strength of Vidrion C and R cements; without aging, Ketac Fill presented better compressive strength than Vidrion C; the glass of the glass-ionomer cement powders can be found crystalline in the state as-received.

The magnetic properties of sintered samples of cobalt-zinc ferrites produced from the corresponding coprecipitate were calculated based on hysteresis curves (Hc). The Hc values confirmed that soft ferrites were obtained by the procedure. A possible relation between the magnetic hysteresis curves and the microstructure of the sintered samples was investigated. X ray diffraction, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure and the phases present in the sintered ceramic pieces, as well as those of their coprecipitated tri-metallic hydroxide precursor powders. It was found that sintering of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 at 1400 °C led to "honeycombing" of the ferrite grains and that there was no single phase in the microstructure of a sample sintered at 1400 °C. Thus, a more complete study was made of the behavior of the microstructure at lower sintering temperatures, i.e., in the 1100-1350 °C range.

This work is concerned with thermodynamic analysis of the stability of some ceria electrolytes under contact with hydrogen gas nearby anode in fuel cells. It was considered the following types of ceria-electrolytes: pure ceria, strontium-doped ceria, calcium-doped ceria and calcium-bismuth-doped ceria. The equilibrium Log (pH2O/pH2) vs. T diagrams were constructed for x = 0.1 and 0.01, where x is the fraction of initial ceria converted to Ce2O3 (proportional to the ratio between activities of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in the ceria electrolyte, which is proportional to the fraction of electronic conduction in the electrolyte at a given temperature). The predictions of the diagrams are as follows: (a) Ce1.9Ca0.1Bi0.8O5.1 and Ce0.9Sr0.1O1.9 are less stable than pure ceria for the whole temperature range (from 0 to 1000 °C); (b) Ce0.9Ca0.1O1.9 is more stable than pure ceria below about 650 °C for x = 0.1 and below about 400 °C for x = 0.01; (c) at each temperature in the considered range the pressure ratio pH2O(g)/pH2(g) has to be higher than thermodynamically predicted in order to keep CeO2 stable in the electrolyte contacting hydrogen gas. Thermodynamic predictions are entirely capable of explaining experimental data published on the subject (irreversible cell degradation in the case of SrO-doped ceria; weight loss from doped-ceria electrolyte above 700 °C; oxygen gas release during sintering of ceria).

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)Ho xFe5O12 (samarium-holmium-iron) garnet ferrite, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing, drying and sintering from 1200 to 1450 °C. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases, and that the effect of substituting holmium for samarium in SmIG is entirely different from that provided by replacing yttrium by gadolinium in YIG, which is the most important result of this work. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Esse artigo apresenta a análise termodinâmica do ponto de vista do processamento cerâmico para a obtenção de niobatos de potássio. A análise realizada indicou as condições de pH em que seria possível produzir insumos cerâmicos fotoluminescentes por rotas de precipitação química. Para tanto foram consideradas as presenças dos elementos químicos Ca, La, K, Nb e Eu em meio aquoso à temperatura ambiente, que foram estudados considerando os parâmetros potencial e a solubilidade.

This work presents a thermodynamic analysis from ceramic processing point of view to obtain photoluminescent potassium niobate ceramic. The analysis carried out indicated the conditions of pH which the route of processing by chemical precipitation would be done. Therefore, the presence of chemical elements Ca, La, K, Nb and Eu in aqueous medium was considered on potential and solubility parameters at room temperature.