Abstract Introduction: The creation of 3D printed silicone models has several purposes, one of which is to provide augmented reality (AR), thanks to the imaging and visualization methods that serve as aids in “surgical planning”. They enable precise analysis of the anatomy at the site to be treated and can influence surgical strategy change or decision-making. Materials and methods: The present case report describes the surgical planning carried out with a 3D printed model, in a 40-year-old patient incidentally diagnosed with a T2aN0M0 CS I left kidney tumor, measuring 20 mm, that was slightly exophytic, with a RENAL Score of 4a. Results: Total surgery duration was 180 min, with a console time of 120 min, blood loss of 50cc, and warm ischemia time of 12 min. No drain was placed, hospital stay was 2 days, and there were no complications. Discussion: Visualizing the anatomic characteristics on the model enabled surgical programming to be carried out, along with guided dissection and selective clamping that did not involve the entire renal hilum. Three-dimensional models are based on multi-slice digital tomography images that are converted to real scale and then printed with different materials, achieving an anatomic representation of the organ to be treated. Conclusions: That type of planning favors better understanding of the surgical anatomy of the tumor and improved decision-making. Case series on different anatomic variations, as well as other organs, should be carried out.

Resumen Introducción: La creación de modelos impresos en silicón 3-D tiene varios objetivos, uno de ellos es el resultado de la realidad aumentada (AR), gracias a los métodos de imagen y de visualización como auxiliares en la planificación quirúrgica, ya que permiten un análisis preciso de la anatomía del sitio a tratar y pueden ser un punto de cambio de estrategia quirúrgica o incluso de toma de decisiones. Material y métodos: Reporte de caso de impresión de modelo 3D y realización de planeación quirúrgica en paciente de 40 años con diagnóstico de Tumor Renal Izquierdo T2aN0M0 EC I. Incidentaloma de 20 mm, discretamente exofítica con un RENAL Score de 4a. Resultados: Tiempo quirúrgico Total de 180 min; tiempo de consola de 120 min; sangrado de 50cc; tiempo de Isquemia Caliente 12 min; no se colocó drenaje; días de estancia hospitalaria 2; no se presentaron complicaciones. Discusión: La visualización de las características anatómicas en el modelo permiten programar y disecar de manera guiada y hacer un clamping selectivo y no de la totalidad del hilio renal. Los modelos tridimensionales están basados en imágenes multicorte de tomografía de los que la extracción digital es llevada a una representación de escala real y posteriormente es impresa en diferentes materiales, de tal manera que contamos con una representación anatómica del órgano que deseamos tratar. Conclusiones: Contar con este tipo de planeación favorece un mejor entendimiento de la anatomía quirúrgica del tumor y la toma de decisiones. Es necesario realizar series de casos para las diferentes variaciones tanto anatómicas como de otros órganos.

Se realizó un estudio experimental para investigar el comportamiento mecánico de vigas de madera laminada reforzadas con fibra de vidrio o bambú. El refuerzo se propone con el fin de mejorar la resistencia en flexión y la ductilidad de las vigas de madera laminada. La viga se refuerza en la zona traccionada y en las caras laterales con los refuerzos de fibra de vidrio o de bambú. Las vigas sin refuerzo y las vigas reforzadas con igual geometría se ensayaron para determinar las características de carga-deformación. El resultado de este trabajo experimental para evaluar y comparar las técnicas de reforzamiento se presenta en este artículo. Los ensayos muestran que la fibra de vidrio y el bambú aumentan la capacidad resistente de la viga de madera laminada. Se encuentra un aumento en la carga de ruptura y en la rigidez de las vigas reforzadas respecto a las vigas no reforzadas.

A research study was undertaken to investigate the mechanical performance of glulam beams reinforced by fiberglass fabrics or bamboo. Local reinforcement is proposed in order to improve the flexural strength and ductility of glulam beams. The glulam beam is strengthened in tension and along its sides with the fiberglass or bamboo. A series of fiberglass-reinforced glulam beams and bamboo-reinforced glulam beams were tested to determine their load-deformation characteristics. Experimental work for evaluating the reinforcing technique is reported here. According to experiment results, the fiberglass and bamboo reinforcements led to a higher glulam beam performance. The results show a considerably improved stiffness of the reinforced over the non-reinforced specimens. By using fibreglass and bamboo reinforcements, several improvements in strength and stiffness may be obtained.

Este trabalho investiga a nitrificação em um reator-piloto híbrido de leito móvel agitado, que utiliza um plástico reciclado de baixa densidade como material suporte para o crescimento da biomassa. O preenchimento do reator com o suporte era 20% de seu volume útil (22L). A vazão de alimentação e recirculação era de 45 L/dia. O reator foi operado com temperatura de 16ºC, em duas fases, de acordo com a idade do lodo: fase A = 10 dias e fase B = 3 dias (valores médios). As cargas volumétricas médias aplicadas, de nitrogênio e orgânicas foram de 0.16KgNTK/m³dia e de 1kgDQO/m³dia, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram uma redução média de nitrogênio de 95% e de DQO de 89%, nas duas fases (A e B). A eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio deste reator mostrou ser independente da idade do lodo.

This work investigated the nitrification in a hybrid moving bed pilot scale reactor, which used a low density recycled plastic support material for biomass growth. The filling rate was 20% of its working volume (22L). The feeding and recirculation outflow was 45L/day. The reactor operated at a temperature of 16ºC, in two phases, according to the sludge retention time (SRT): A phase was 10 days and B phase was 3 days (average values). The applied average volumetric nitrogen and organic loads were 0.16KgTKN/m3.day and 1kgCOD/m³.day, respectively. The results showed an average nitrogen removal of 95% and average COD removal of 89%, in both A and B phases. Nitrogen removal rates were independents of the SRT.