Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição química do óleo de semente de atemoia var. Thompson através de métodos espectrométricos. Foi realizada extração química utilizando hexano, extração mecânica utilizando prensa e uma extração particionada. A composição de cada uma das extrações foi analisada por CG/EM e mais de 100 compostos foram identificados. Os constituintes majoritários de cada extração foram hexano: (Z)-hexadec- 9-enal (49,42%) e trioleína (23,28%); prensa: ácido elaídico (66,11%) e ácido esteárico (8,81%). Na extração particionada, tem-se as frações hidrometanólica: diidroxiacetona (19,16%), lactona 3-desoxi-d-mannóica (16,34%), 5-hidroximetilfurfural (10,77%), 3-propanodiol, 2-(hidroximetil)-2-nitro (9,89%); hexânica: gama-sitosterol (31,73%), ácido erúcico (14,64%), estigmasterol (13,30%) e trioleína (10,90%); clorofórmica: gama-sitosterol (22,11%), ácido vacênico (15,49%), trioleína (14,65%) e estigmasterol (10,65%); acetato de etila: ácido (Z)- icos-9-enóico (31,28%), beta-sitosterol (16,29%), ácido pentadecanóico (11,53%) e ácido icosanóico (8,01%).

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition in extracts of atemoya (var. Thompson) seed oil by spectrometric methods. The following extraction methods were performed: chemical extraction using hexane, mechanical extraction using a press, and partitioned extraction. The composition of each of the extracts was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and more than 100 compounds were identified. The major constituents of the hexane extraction were (Z)-hexadec-9-enal (49.42%) and triolein (23.28%), and the mechanically obtained extract contained elaidic acid (66.11%) and stearic acid (8.81%). In the partitioned extraction, the hydromethanolic fraction contained dihydroxyacetone (19.16%), 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone (16.34%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (10.77%), and 3-propanediol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro (9.89%); the hexane fraction contained gamma-sitosterol (31.73%), erucic acid (14.64%), stigmasterol (13.30%) and triolein (10.90%); the chloroform fraction contained gamma-sitosterol (22.11%), vaccenic acid (15.49%), triolein (14.65%) and stigmasterol (10.65%); and the ethyl acetate fraction contained (Z)-icos-9-enoic acid (31.28%), beta-sitosterol (16.29%), pentadecanoic acid (11.53%) and eicosanoic acid (8.01%).

Resumo: Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da espectrometria no infravermelho próximo para analisar a qualidade de sementes de algodão em função de diferentes níveis de vigor, visto a necessidade por técnicas e ferramentas mais rápidas para o auxílio na tomada de decisão . Foram utilizadas oito amostras referentes a oito lotes de semente de algodão, com e sem línter, de qualidades fisiológicas diferentes. Foram definidos os níveis “alto” (lotes 1, 4, 5, 6 e 7) e “baixo” (lotes 2, 3 e 8) de vigor, baseados em diferentes testes de vigor realizados e na Instrução Normativa 45/2013. Os espectros obtidos pelo equipamento de espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo foram provenientes de quatro preparos de amostra: sementes inteiras, cortadas, sem tegumento e maceradas. Utilizando-se dos espectros gerados e o agrupamento dos lotes em níveis, foram otimizados modelos de validação cruzada, construídos a partir do método PLS - DA, predizendo as classes de sementes. O melhor preparo de amostra foi o de sementes maceradas, com 95% de predições corretas para sementes de alto vigor e 100% das de baixo vigor (com línter) e com 100% de predições corretas para sementes de alto vigor e 91,7% de baixo vigor (sem línter).

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the near-infrared spectroscopy potential in analyzing the quality of cottonseed regarding different physiological quality levels, noting the need for faster techniques and tools to aid decision making. It was used eight samples of cottonseed with and without lint, presenting different physiological quality. The “high” (lots 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7) and “low” (lots 2, 3 and 8) vigor levels were defined based on vigor tests carried out and on the Normative Instruction 45/2013. The near infrared spectroscopy spectra was obtained from four types of sample preparations: whole seeds, cut in a half, without tegument and grounded seeds. Using the spectra and the grouping of lots in high and low vigor, cross validation models were optimized, built using the PLS - DA method, making it possible to predict seed classes. Grounded seeds were the best type of sample preparation, with 95% of correct predictions for high vigor seeds and 100% of low vigor (both for seeds with lint) and with 100% correct predictions for high vigor seeds and 91.7% low vigor (without lint).

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the volatile composition and sensory characteristics of virgin olive oils (VOOs) from eight olive cultivars grown in the southeast region of Brazil. The volatiles were extracted by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to MassSpectrometry (GC-MS). The dominant sensory attributes were determined by Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). C5 and C6 alcohols and C6 aldehydes were the most abundant volatiles in the investigated VOOs. E-2-hexenal was among the majorityof volatiles in all investigated olive oils, mainly in VOOs fromcultivars Arbequina, Arbosana and Grappolo 541, in which it had the most of their chromatographic area (about 60-80%). VOOs from cultivars Maria da Fé, Mission, Arbosana and Arbequina were characterized by the dominance of pungency sensation, as well as Frantoio regarding to bitter. Grappolo yielded an olive oil withpredominance of bitter, and a blended VOO (Grappolo 541 and Arbequina) had predominance of green leaf. VOO from Ascolano cultivar had dominance of fruity and pungency. Overall, pungent was the main dominant sensation in most of the investigated VOOs, which can be related to C5 and C6 volatiles.

Abstract Faced with the need to enhance the availability and add even more value to Brazilian native fruits, combined with the demand and the great importance of developing mixed fruit products, the objective of this work was to evaluate the processing potential of jabuticaba, pitanga and cambuci in the preparation of jellies, based on sensory and nutritional characteristics, through desirability-based mixture design. Given the high sensory and nutritional quality of the jellies obtained through this study we found that the development of mixed jelly containing the Brazilian Native fruits jabuticaba, pitanga and cambuci is perfectly feasible and of great interest. According to the sensory and nutritional characteristics the fruit mixed jelly should contain: 40-100% jabuticaba, 0-30% cambuci and 0-20% pitanga.

Abstract The objective of this study was, through mixing design and response surface methodology, to optimize a reduced calorie mixed juice of persimmon, orange and pineapple based the sensory and nutritional characteristics. This study also aimed to carry out the survey of the physicochemical characteristics that are desirable in this product. It was found that juice of these fruits, when combined, have better sensory and nutritional characteristics than when isolated. The consumer has a preference for mixed fruit juices made up of orange, pineapple and persimmon that are sweeter and more acidic and regarding color, consumers prefer a juice with less intense red color. According to evaluation, the most recommended mixed juice formulations are 50% pineapple and 50% persimmon, and 33% pineapple, 33% persimmon, and 33% orange.

Os principais meios de consumo do azeite de oliva extravirgem incluem a aplicação direta em saladas ou como ingrediente em molhos, mas ele também tem sido usado para cozinhar, seja em frituras ou cozimentos. No entanto, sob estresse térmico, alguns componentes não-glicerídicos do azeite podem ser degradados. Assim, o efeito do aquecimento (a 50, 100, 150 e 200 °C por 2 h) sobre os componentes voláteis e aspectos sensoriais do azeite de oliva extravirgem foram avaliados. Os resultados indicaram que o aquecimento alterou a composição volátil do azeite extra virgem, principalmente em temperaturas mais elevadas (acima de 150 °C). As principais modificações foram relacionadas à formação de compostos oxidados, sobretudo aldeídos de cadeia longa. Os aspectos sensoriais também sofreram alterações quando o azeite foi aquecido a temperaturas elevadas (acima de 150 °C), o que pode ter sido influenciado por alterações de cor e pelas da composição volátil do produto.

The main ways by which extra-virgin olive oil is consumed include direct application on salads or as an ingredient in sauces, but it is also been used by some for cooking, including frying and baking. However, it has been reported that under heat stress, some nonglyceridic components of olive oil are degraded. So, the effect of heating (at 50, 100, 150, and 200 °C for 2 h) on the volatile composition and sensory aspects of extra-virgin olive oil were evaluated. Heating altered the volatile composition of extra-virgin olive oil, mainly at higher temperatures (above 150 °C). The main modifications were related to the formation of large amounts of oxidized compounds, particularly large chain aldehydes. Sensory aspects were also altered when the oil was heated to higher temperatures, which might have occurred because of color alterations and mainly changes in the volatile composition of the oil.

SensoMaker é um software livre para análise de dados de estudos sensoriais que tem módulos com uma interface gráfica amigável. A aquisição de dados pode ser realizada por meio de diferentes métodos, tais como escala de categoria, escala linear, dominância temporal de sensações (TDS) e tempo-intensidade (TI). Os resultados podem ser analisados por uma variedade de métodos, tais como mapas de preferência interno e externo (convencional e de três vias), análise de componentes principais, análise de agrupamento hierárquico, curvas de TDS e TI, além de testes de Tukey e Dunnett. Gráficos de alta qualidade são facilmente obtidos e exportados para vários formatos. O software é útil durante o desenvolvimento ou a melhoria de produtos, quando é importante observar cuidadosamente as preferências dos consumidores e relacioná-la com características descritivas, a fim de garantir sua boa aceitação.

SensoMaker is a free software for data analysis from sensory studies, which has modules with user-friendly interface. Data acquisition can be performed using different methods, such as category scale, linear scale, temporal dominance of sensations (TDS), and time-intensity (TI). Results can be analyzed by a variety of methods, such as conventional internal and external preference mapping, three-way internal and external preference mapping, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, TDS and TI curves, in addition to Tukey and Dunnett tests. High quality graphics are easily obtained and exported to several formats. The software is useful during the development or improvement of products, when it is important to carefully note consumer preferences and to relate it to descriptive characteristics in order to ensure good product acceptance.

Mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics were used to identify adulteration in roasted and ground coffee by addition of coffee husks. Consumers' sensory perception of the adulteration was evaluated by a triangular test of the coffee beverages. Samples containing above 0.5% of coffee husks from pure coffees were discriminated by principal component analysis of the infrared spectra. A partial least-squares regression estimated the husk content in samples and presented a root-mean-square error for prediction of 2.0%. The triangular test indicated that were than 10% of coffee husks are required to cause alterations in consumer perception about adulterated beverages.

Multivariate models were developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Least Square - Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) for estimating lignin siringyl/guaiacyl ratio and the contents of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin in eucalyptus wood by pyrolysis associated to gaseous chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results obtained by two calibration methods were in agreement with those of reference methods. However a comparison indicated that the LS-SVM model presented better predictive capacity for the cellulose and lignin contents, while the ANN model presented was more adequate for estimating the hemicelluloses content and lignin siringyl/guaiacyl ratio.