OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de admissão por RAM em hospitais de Salvador-BA e seus desfechos. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes admitidos nos quatro hospitais sentinela da Anvisa em Salvador-BA foram avaliados e seguidos para determinar a prevalência de admissão por RAM e seus desfechos de abril a dezembro de 2007. Os casos foram validados por três algorítmos. Os medicamentos foram classificados pelo Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical Classification, órgãos e sistemas afetados pelos critérios da OMS e a gravidade segundo Pearson et al. O tipo seguiu critérios de Rawlins e Thompson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de admissão por RAM foi 0,56% e corrigida (expostos) de 2,1%, com 316 casos. Tempo médio de hospitalização por RAM foi de 12,3 dias. Jovens e idosos representaram 28,8% e 31,1% dos pacientes. Gênero feminino e raça negra corresponderam a 60% dos casos. Os principais grupos farmacológicos envolvidos foram antineoplásicos, antibióticos e diuréticos, afetando pele, sistema gastrointestinal e hematológico. Reações certas ou provadas corresponderam 70%, 80% dos casos foram do tipo A, com 90% recuperáveis e um óbito. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de admissão por RAM foi semelhante às descritas na literatura e somente um paciente foi a óbito. Por tratar-se do primeiro estudo nacional, servirá de base para futuras investigações.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hospital admissions due to ADR in Salvador, Bahia and their outcomes. METHODS: All patients admitted in four Sentinel Hospital (ANVISA) in Salvador-Ba were evaluated and followed to determine the prevalence of admissions due to ADR and their outcomes from April to December 2007. Cases were validated by 03 algorithms. The drugs were classified by Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical Classification, organs and systems affected by the WHO criteria and severity seconds Pearson et al. Type of ADR was analyzed by Rawlins and Thompson. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADR admission was 0.5% and adjusted for exposed was 2.1%, with 316 cases. Average of hospitalization due to ADR was 12.3 days. Younger and older accounted for 28.8% and 31.1% of patients. Females and blacks were 60% of cases. Main pharmacologic groups were antineoplastics, antibiotics and diuretics, affecting skin, gastrointestinal and hematologic systems. Around 70% of the ADR was validated as defined. ADR of type A was 80% and 90% recovered, and one death (0.5%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ADR admission was similar to those described in the literature and only one patient died. As this is the first national study will form the basis for future investigations.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a taxa de adesão ao tratamento padrão com corticóide inalatório em pacientes com asma grave, identificar seus fatores preditores e avaliar a relação entre adesão ao tratamento e os parâmetros de resposta clínica e funcional. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva de pacientes atendidos no Programa de Controle da Asma e da Rinite Alérgica na Bahia, Brasil. O estudo incluiu 160 pacientes com asma grave, acompanhados por um período de 180 dias para medida da adesão (variável dependente) ao corticóide inalatório prescrito. As variáveis independentes foram determinadas na avaliação inicial e durante seis meses através de entrevistas e aplicação de questionário estruturado. Os pacientes registraram em um diário as doses não utilizadas. RESULTADOS: Do total de 160 pacientes, 158 completaram o estudo. A taxa de adesão ao tratamento foi de 83,8%. Dos 158 pacientes, 112 (70,9%) foram considerados aderentes ao tratamento (ponto de corte: 80% de todas as doses administradas). Houve associação significante entre o controle da asma e adesão ao tratamento. Os fatores relacionados a uma baixa adesão foram efeitos adversos, local de residência distante do centro de referência, dificuldade de pagar pelo transporte e regime posológico. Outros fatores, como sintomas depressivos, religião e classe econômica, não tiveram relação com a adesão. CONCLUSÕES: A adesão ao tratamento foi considerada elevada, havendo relação com a resposta clínica ao tratamento em uma amostra de pacientes com asma grave atendidos em um programa público com fornecimento gratuito de medicamentos e atendimento multidisciplinar em unidade de referência.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma, to identify predictive factors for adherence and to evaluate the relationship between adherence to treatment and parameters of clinical and functional response. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the Program for the Control of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The study comprised 160 patients with severe asthma, monitored for 180 days in order to evaluate adherence (dependent variable) to the prescribed inhaled corticosteroid. Independent variables were assessed at baseline and for a six-month follow-up period by means of interviews and the completion of a standardized questionnaire.Patients recorded the missed doses in a diary. RESULTS: Of the 160 patients. 158 completed the study. Adherence rate was 83.8%. Of the 158 patients, 112 (70.9%) were considered adherent (cut-off point: 80% of prescribed doses administered). There was a significant association between asthma control and adherence to treatment.Predictors of poor adherence were adverse effects, living far from the referral center, limited resources to pay for transportation and dose schedule. Other factors, such as depressive symptoms, religion and economic status, were not associated with poor adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to asthma treatment was high and was associated with the clinical response to treatment, in a sample of patients with severe asthma enrolled in a public program that provides free medication and the assistance of a multiprofessional specialized team in a referral center

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o sexo se associa à hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, ao acidente vascular cerebral e à insuficiência renal em hipertensos atendidos em ambulatório de referência. MÉTODOS: Dados de 622 hipertensos, admitidos com diagnóstico de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda baseado no eletrocardiograma, de insuficiência renal, na creatinina > 1,4 mg/dl, e de acidente vascular cerebral em história pregressa e exame físico. Regressão logística foi utilizada para estimar odds ratio da associação entre sexo e lesão de órgãos-alvo da hipertensão, ajustadas para raça, idade e sua duração. RESULTADOS: A média das idades foi 48,4±13,8 anos, 74,1% eram mulheres, 84,9% mulatos ou negros. Quase a metade dos homens e mais de 40% das mulheres apresentavam pelo menos um evento definido com lesão órgão-alvo. Insuficiência renal foi maior nos homens, OR ajustada (ORa) = 2,73; (p=0,002). Nos pacientes brancos, a freqüência de acidente vascular cerebral foi significantemente (p=0,017) maior nos homens (4/33) do que nas mulheres (0/56) e, na análise para idade > 49 anos, a prevalência de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda foi significantemente maior em homens, ORa = 1,99; (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos sugerem maior prevalência de insuficiência renal em homens do que em mulheres, de acidente vascular cerebral em homens brancos do que em mulheres brancas, e de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda em homens do que em mulheres com idade > 49 anos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between sex and left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, and renal failure in hypertensive patients in a referral outpatient care unit. METHODS: This study assessed 622 hypertensive patients diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy based on electrocardiography, renal failure based on serum creatinine level > 1.4 mg/dL, and stroke based on a previous history and physical examination. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of the association between sex and target-organ lesions in hypertension adjusted for race, age, and duration of the disease. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 48.4±13.8 years; 74.1% were women, and 84.9% were mulattos or blacks. Almost half of the men and more than 40% of the women had had at least 1 definite event involving a target-organ lesion. The incidence of renal failure was greater among men [adjusted OR (ORa) = 2.73, P= 0.002]. In white patients, the incidence of stroke was significantly (P= 0.017) greater among men (4/33) than among women (0/56), and, in the age group > 49 years, the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly greater among men (ORa = 1.99, P= 0.024). CONCLUSION: The data obtained suggest a greater prevalence of renal failure in men than in women, of stroke in white men than in white women, and of left ventricular hypertrophy in men than in women aged 49 years and above.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a raça do paciente estaria associada à presença de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, acidente vascular cerebral e insuficiência renal crônica em hipertensos atendidos em ambulatório de referência em Salvador-BA. MÉTODOS: Analisados dados de 622 pacientes com o primeiro atendimento em ambulatório de hipertensão, entre 1982 e 1986, e identificados os com história prévia ou seqüela de acidente vascular cerebral, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda ou insuficiência renal (creatinina sérica > 1,4 mg/dL). Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para estimar odds ratio (OR) da associação entre raça (mulatos ou negros vs brancos) e lesão de órgãos-alvo de hipertensão, ajustadas para sexo e idade. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 53,8±14,3 anos, 74,1% mulheres. Quanto à raça, 15,1% eram brancos, 65,9% mulatos e 19,0% negros. Acidente vascular cerebral foi significantemente mais freqüente em negros ou mulatos do que em brancos (odds ratio ajustada (ORa)=3,44; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%=1,23-9,67). Quanto às associações envolvendo raça com os eventos hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e insuficiência renal as ORa não foram estatisticamente significantes, mas foram consistentes com maior prevalência de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e insuficiência renal em negros e mulatos. CONCLUSÃO: Negros e mulatos hipertensos têm maior risco de lesão de órgão alvo do que brancos, com diferença racial maior para acidente vascular cerebral não fatal. Deve ser avaliada se diferenças raciais em mortalidade relacionada a complicações da hipertensão influenciam as associações observadas entre raça e lesão de órgãos-alvo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a patient's race is associated with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, and renal failure in hypertensive patients from an outpatient care referral clinic in the city of Salvador in the state of Bahia. METHODS: We assessed the data of 622 patients collected during their first visit to the hypertension outpatient care clinic between 1982 and 1986, identifying those with a previous history or sequela of stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy, or renal failure (serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dL). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of the association between race (mulattos or black vs white individuals) and hypertensive target-organ damage adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 53.8±14.3 years, and 74.1% were women. In regard to race, 15.1% were white, 65.9% mulatto, and 19.0% black. Stroke was significantly more frequent in blacks or mulattos than in white individuals [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.23-9.67). In regard to the associations involving race and the events of left ventricular hypertrophy and renal failure, the aORs were not statistically significant but were consistent with a greater prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and renal failure in blacks and mulattos. CONCLUSION: Hypertensive mulattos and blacks have a greater risk of target-organ damage than white individuals do, with a greater racial difference for nonfatal stroke. Whether racial differences in mortality related to hypertensive complications influence the associations observed between race and target-organ damage should be assessed.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of oral antihypertensive medication preceding the increase in blood pressure in patients in a university hospital, the drug of choice, and the maintained use of antihypertensive medication. METHODS: Data from January to June 1997 from the University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos Pharmacy concerning the prescriptions of all inpatients were used. Variables included in the analysis were: antihypertensive medication prescription preceding increase in blood pressure, type of antihypertensive medication, gender, clinical or surgical wards, and the presence of maintained antihypertensive medication. RESULTS: The hospital admitted 2,532 patients, 1,468 in surgical wards and 818 in medical wards. Antihypertensive medication prescription preceding pressure increase was observed in 578 patients (22.8%). Nifedipine was used in 553 (95.7%) and captopril in 25 (4.3%). In 50.7% of patients, prescription of antihypertensive medication was not associated with maintained antihypertensive medication. Prescription of antihypertensive drugs preceding elevation of blood pressure was significantly (p<0.001) more frequent on the surgical floor (27.5%; 405/1468) than on the medical floor (14.3%; 117/818). The frequency of prescription of antihypertensive drugs preceding elevation of blood pressure without maintained antihypertensive drugs and the ratio between the number of prescriptions of nifedipine and captopril were greater in surgical wards. CONCLUSION: The use of antihypertensive medication, preceding elevation of blood pressure (22.8%) observed in admitted patients is not supported by scientific evidence. The high frequency of this practice may be even greater in nonuniversity hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To use published Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study data to evaluate changes in cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic hypertensive patients according to the degree of reduction in their diastolic blood pressure. METHODS: In the HOT Study, 18,700 patients from various centers were allocated at random to groups having different objectives of for diastolic blood pressure: <=90 (n=6264); <=85 (n=6264); <=80mmHg (n=6262). Felodipine was the basic drug used. Other antihypertensive drugs were administered in a sequential manner, aiming at the objectives of diastolic blood pressure reduction. RESULTS: The group of nondiabetic hypertensive subjects with diastolic pressure<=80mmHg had a cardiovascular mortality ratio of 4.1/1000 patients/year, 35.5% higher than the group with diastolic pressure <=90mmHg (cardiovascular mortality ratio, 3.1/1000 patients/year). In contrast, diabetic patients allocated to the diastolic pressure objective group of <=80mmHg had a 66.7% reduction in cardiovascular mortality (3.7/1000 patients/year) when compared with the diastolic pressure group of <=90mmHg (cardiovascular mortality ratio, 11.1/1000 patients/year). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in hypertensive diabetic patients reduction in diastolic blood pressure to levels <=80mmHg decreases the risk of fatal cardiovascular events. It remains necessary to define the level of diastolic blood pressure <=90mmHg at which maximal reduction in cardiovascular mortality is obtained for nondiabetics.