Resumo: Nascido em Helsinque, em 1946, Ilkka Niiniluoto fez mestrado em matemática, em 1968, e doutorado em filosofia teórica, em 1974, na Universidade de Helsinque. Foi Professor Associado de Fundamentos de Matemática, entre 1973 e 1977, e Professor de Filosofia Teórica, de 1977 a 2014. Sua prolífica carreira acadêmica inclui posições como presidente de importantes sociedades filosóficas e reitor da Universidade de Helsinque. Tem, como obras principais: Is Science Progressive? (1984), Truthlikeness (1987), Critical Scientific Realism (2002), Truth-Seeking by Abduction (2018) e Beauty, Truth, and Justice (2022). Sua pesquisa explora as interfaces entre Filosofia da Ciência, Epistemologia, Lógica, Teoria da Verdade e Axiologia da pesquisa científica. Em Critical Scientific Realism, Niiniluoto aborda o problema do valor da ciência, refutando uma concepção instrumentalista utilitária e defendendo um cognitivismo socialmente responsável, em que a ciência é concebida como uma atividade culturalmente valiosa por si mesma, sem a necessidade de satisfazer critérios impostos por necessidades práticas de ordem política e econômica. Resumo Helsinque 1946 matemática 1968 teórica 1974 Matemática 197 Teórica 2014 Tem principais Progressive 1984, 1984 , (1984) 1987, 1987 (1987) 2002, 2002 (2002) TruthSeeking Truth Seeking 2018 (2018 Beauty 2022. 2022 . (2022) Ciência Epistemologia Lógica científica responsável mesma econômica 194 196 19 201 198 (1984 (1987 200 (2002 (201 202 (2022 1 20 (198 (200 (20 (202 2 (19 (2 (1 (

Abstract: Born in Helsinki in 1946, lkka Niiniluoto received a master’s degree in mathematics in 1968 and a doctorate in theoretical philosophy in 1974 from the University of Helsinki. He was Associate Professor of Foundations of Mathematics from 1973 to 1977 and Professor of Theoretical Philosophy from 1977 to 2014. His prolific academic career includes positions as president of important philosophical societies and rector of the University of Helsinki. His main works are Is Science Progressive? (1984), Truthlikeness (1987), Critical Scientific Realism (2002), Truth-Seeking by Abduction (2018) and Beauty, Truth, and Justice (2022). His research explores the interfaces between Philosophy of Science, Epistemology, Logic, Theory of Truth and Axiology of scientific research. In Critical Scientific Realism Niiniluoto addresses the problem of the value of science, refuting a utilitarian instrumentalist conception and defending a socially responsible cognitivism in which science is conceived as a culturally valuable activity in its own right, without the need to satisfy criteria imposed by practical political and economic needs. Abstract 1946 masters master s 196 197 2014 Progressive 1984, 1984 , (1984) 1987, 1987 (1987) 2002, 2002 (2002) TruthSeeking Seeking 2018 (2018 Beauty 2022. 2022 . (2022) Epistemology Logic right needs 194 19 201 198 (1984 (1987 200 (2002 (201 202 (2022 1 20 (198 (200 (20 (202 2 (19 (2 (1 (

Mi objetivo en este artículo es plantear y discutir algunas de las preguntas filosóficas sobre la Realidad Virtual (RV). El problema fundamental se refiere a la naturaleza ontológica de la realidad virtual: ¿es real o ficticia? ¿La RV es comparable a ilusiones, alucinaciones, sueños, o mundos de ficción? ¿Son todas las categorías filosóficas tradicionales suficientes para darnos la comprensión del fenómeno de la RV? Para abordar estas cuestiones, emplearé como mis herramientas filosóficas la semántica de mundos posibles y las teorías lógicas de la percepción y la imaginación. Mi conclusión principal es que la RV es comparable a una imagen en 3-D que puede ser vista desde el interior.

My aim in this paper is to raise and discuss some philosophical questions about Virtual Reality (VR). The most fundamental problem concerns the ontological nature of VR: is it real or fictional? Is VR comparable to illusions, hallucinations, dreams, or worlds of fiction? Are traditional philosophical categories at all sufficient to give us understanding of the phenomenon of VR? In approaching these questions, I shall employ possible world semantics and logical theories of perception and imagination as my philosophical tools. My main conclusion is that VR is comparable to a 3-D picture which can be seen from the inside.