Objectives to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and distribution of new leprosy cases in the population of Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil, between 2000 and 2015. Method descriptive study with all new cases of leprosy reported at the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were used and annual detection coefficients were calculated. Population estimates were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Results most of the 1,069 new reported cases were female (57.2%), living in the urban area (92%), brown race/color (66.92%), elementary school (67.6%), over fifteen years of age (92.5%), tuberculoid clinical form (48.26%), paucibacillary (62.3%), degree of physical disability at diagnosis (45.93%) and cure (29.75%). Conclusion the epidemiological profile of leprosy in Paulo Afonso is similar to the national one, with variations in leprosy detection coefficients between years and spatial analysis showing heterogeneous distribution, with a higher concentration of cases in peripheral neighborhoods.

Objetivos analizar las características epidemiológicas y la distribución de nuevos casos de lepra en la población de Paulo Afonso, Bahía, entre 2000 y 2015. Método estudio descriptivo con todos los nuevos casos de lepra reportados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables. Se utilizaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y se calcularon los coeficientes anuales de detección. Las estimaciones de población se obtuvieron del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística. Resultados la mayoría de los 1.069 nuevos casos notificados fueron mujeres (57,2%), que viven en el área urbana (92%), raza/color parda (66,92%), escuela primaria (67,6%), con más de quince años (92,5%), forma clínica de tuberculoide (48,26%), paucibacilario (62,3%), grado de discapacidad física al diagnóstico (45,93%) y en la cura (29,75%). Conclusión el perfil epidemiológico de la lepra en Paulo Afonso es similar al nacional, hubo variaciones en los coeficientes de detección de lepra entre años y el análisis espacial mostró una distribución heterogénea, con una mayor concentración de casos en barrios periféricos.

Objetivos analisar as características epidemiológicas e distribuição dos casos novos de hanseníase na população de Paulo Afonso, Bahia, entre 2000 e 2015. Método estudo descritivo com todos os casos novos de hanseníase notificados no Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação. Foram utilizadas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e calculados os coeficientes de detecção anuais. Estimativas populacionais foram obtidas no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Resultados a maioria dos 1.069 casos novos notificados foi do sexo feminino (57,2%), residiam na zona urbana (92%), raça/cor parda (66,92%), ensino fundamental (67,6%), maiores de quinze anos (92,5%), forma clínica tuberculoide (48,26%), paucibacilares (62,3%), grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico (45,93%) e na cura (29,75%). Conclusão o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em Paulo Afonso é similar ao nacional, houve variações nos coeficientes de detecção da hanseníase entre os anos e a análise espacial evidenciou distribuição heterogênea, com maior concentração de casos nos bairros periféricos.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the spatial distribution patterns and areas of higher risk of preventable perinatal mortality in the city of Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS We carried out a spatial aggregated study in 2007, considering the weighting areas (census tracts contiguous sets) of Salvador, of which the center and north present low life conditions. Data were obtained from national vital statistics systems and the 2010 Census. Addresses of live births and stillbirths were geocoded by weighting area. The spatial distribution of the perinatal mortality rate was analyzed from thematic maps. Spatial dependence was evaluated by the Global and Local Geary’s and Moran’s Indexes. RESULTS Crude and smoothed perinatal mortality rates were high in areas situated to the north, west, and in center of Salvador. The smoothed rates in weighting areas ranged from 4.9/1,000 to 22.3/1,000 births. Of all perinatal deaths, 92.1% could have been prevented. We identified spatial dependence for preventable perinatal mortality for care in pregnancy, with neighboring areas with high risk in the north of the city. CONCLUSIONS The preventability potential of perinatal mortality was high in Salvador, in 2007. The spatial distribution pattern with higher rates in disadvantaged areas of the city suggests the existence of social inequalities in health. The characteristics of the process of urban development of Salvador, which has inadequate prenatal care, possibly influenced the magnitude and spatial distribution pattern of this mortality.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the spatial distribution patterns and areas of higher risk of preventable perinatal mortality in the city of Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS We carried out a spatial aggregated study in 2007, considering the weighting areas (census tracts contiguous sets) of Salvador, of which the center and north present low life conditions. Data were obtained from national vital statistics systems and the 2010 Census. Addresses of live births and stillbirths were geocoded by weighting area. The spatial distribution of the perinatal mortality rate was analyzed from thematic maps. Spatial dependence was evaluated by the Global and Local Geary’s and Moran’s Indexes. RESULTS Crude and smoothed perinatal mortality rates were high in areas situated to the north, west, and in center of Salvador. The smoothed rates in weighting areas ranged from 4.9/1,000 to 22.3/1,000 births. Of all perinatal deaths, 92.1% could have been prevented. We identified spatial dependence for preventable perinatal mortality for care in pregnancy, with neighboring areas with high risk in the north of the city. CONCLUSIONS The preventability potential of perinatal mortality was high in Salvador, in 2007. The spatial distribution pattern with higher rates in disadvantaged areas of the city suggests the existence of social inequalities in health. The characteristics of the process of urban development of Salvador, which has inadequate prenatal care, possibly influenced the magnitude and spatial distribution pattern of this mortality.