The study was conducted to evaluate carcass yield and chemical composition of thigh and breast muscles of broilers fed three different lysine requirement levels: high lysine (+10% NRC), standard (NRC) and low lysine (-10% NRC) and two ways of expressing amino acids in feedstuffs (total or digestible amino acids). The results of this study showed that diet formulation based on digestible amino acids significantly influenced breast yield and abdominal fat deposition. The study showed that increasing lysine level (+10% NRC) of diet significantly increased both carcass and breast percentage and also carcass, breast and thigh weight. The interaction between digestible amino acids and lysine requirement levels affected carcass and breast percentage. Feeding broilers high lysine diets (+10% NRC) significantly increased lysine content in breast and thigh. The response to formulation based on digestible amino acids was maximized when broilers received the high lysine level diet.

Introduction and objectives: Varieties of prostatic adenocarcinoma whose architectural and cytological appearance mimicked benign lesions have been reported in recent decades. Such neoplasms include xanthomatous (foamy) carcinoma and pseudohyperplastic carcinoma. We recently studied five carcinomas showing a cytoarchitectural combination of both neoplasms which were confused with benign glandular proliferations. Methods: Five cases (1.8%) of pseudohyperplastic carcinoma showing xanthomatous changes were selected from a total of 280 biopsies showing prostate carcinoma. Glandular prostatic hyperplasia was originally diagnosed in four of such cases. Results: Patient age ranged from 54 and 78 years (mean, 64 years). All patients had high prostate-specific antigen levels, and digital rectal examination showed abnormalities in four of them. Neoplasms showed minimal atypia and consisted of mid- to large-sized glands arranged in nests resembling hyperplastic nodules. Glands showed papillary projections, infoldings, and undulations. Most nuclei were basal, small and hyperchromatic, and nucleomegaly was only seen in two biopsies in isolated histological fields. Several useful criteria for diagnosis of acinar carcinoma, such as perineural infiltration, mitosis, crystalloids, blue secretions, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm, were absent. Conclusions: Prostatic carcinoma with a pseudohyperplastic pattern and xanthomatous changes mimics hyperplastic glands. Timely detection is critical to avoid treatment delay.

Introducción y objetivos: En las últimas décadas se han descrito variedades de adenocarcinoma prostático que por su arquitectura y su aspecto citológico semejan lesiones benignas. Estas neoplasias incluyen al carcinoma xantomatoso (espumoso) y al carcinoma pseudohiperplásico. Recientemente hemos estudiado cinco carcinomas que mostraron una combinación citoarquitectónica de ambas neoplasias y fueron confundidas con proliferaciones glandulares benignas. Métodos: De un total de 280 biopsias con carcinoma prostático se seleccionaron cinco casos (1,8%) de carcinoma pseudohiperplásico que mostraron cambios xantomatosos. Cuatro de ellos fueron diagnosticados originalmente como hiperplasia glandular prostática. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes varió de 54 a 78 años (promedio: 64 años). El antígeno prostático estuvo elevado en todos, y en el examen digital rectal se encontraron alteraciones en cuatro. Las neoplasias mostraron atipia mínima y estuvieron constituidas por glándulas de mediano y gran tamaño que se disponían en nidos semejantes a nódulos hiperplásicos. Las glándulas mostraron proyecciones papilares, plegamientos y ondulaciones. La mayoría de los núcleos fueron basales, pequeños e hipercromáticos, y sólo ocasionalmente se observó nucleomegalia. Varios criterios útiles en el diagnóstico de carcinoma acinar, incluyendo infiltración perineural, mitosis, cristaloides, secreciones azules y neoplasia intraepitelial prostática, estuvieron ausentes. Conclusiones: Los carcinomas prostáticos con patrón pseudohiperplásico y cambios xantomatosos semejan glándulas hiperplásicas. Su reconocimiento oportuno es crucial para evitar retardo en el tratamiento.

Introduction: Focal glandular atypia in needle prostatic biopsies consists of scarce glands with architectural and cytological features suggestive but not conclusive of malignancy. Although this is a relatively frequent finding, the advantage of carrying out additional sections has not been extensively explored. The objective of this review is to define the usefulness of performing multiple additional sections in needle biopsies showing areas with focal glandular atypia. Methods: Thirty-eight patients in whom prostate needle biopsies were performed and showed focal glandular atypia in routine sections were selected for this study. In all biopsies there were atypia only in one isolated microscopic field. Each case originally had three cuts of three microns each per slide. In all cases three additional slides were made with three additional cuts. Thus, each case wound up with a total of 12 cuts (the original 3, and additional 9). Results: The average age of the patients was 65 years old, and the average specific prostate antigen was 8.4 ng/ml. The additional sections made it possible to establish a definitive diagnosis of malignancy in nine (22.5%) of the 38 cases, because they made more apparent the architectural and cytological features of prostatic carcinoma. In the other 29 biopsies the area with glandular atypia was less apparent or disappeared altogether. Conclusions: The additional sections are useful for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in one of every four or five needle biopsies with focal glandular atypia. Making additional cuts in these biopsies is a quick and low-cost method that could be practiced routinely, especially if immunohistochemical studies are not available.

Introducción: La atipia glandular focal en biopsias por punción, esta constituida por escasas glándulas que muestran criterios arquitecturales y citológicos sugestivos, pero no diagnósticos, de malignidad. Aunque éste es un problema relativamente frecuente, la ventaja de realizar niveles adicionales múltiples en estas biopsias ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de la presente revisión es definir cual es la utilidad de practicar cortes adicionales múltiples en biopsias por punción que muestran áreas con atipia glandular focal. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 38 pacientes en los que se practicó biopsias por punción de la próstata que mostraron atipia glandular focal en cortes rutinarios. Todas las biopsias mostraron atipia glandular en un campo microscópico aislado. Cada caso contó originalmente con tres cortes de tres micras por laminilla. En todos los casos se practicaron tres niveles adicionales con tres cortes histológicos cada uno. Así, cada caso contó con un total de 12 cortes (3 originales y 9 adicionales). Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 65 años y el promedio del antígeno prostático específico de 8,4 ng/ml. Los niveles adicionales permitieron establecer el diagnóstico concluyente de malignidad en nueve (22,5%) de los 38 casos, ya que hicieron mas aparentes los criterios arquitecturales y citológicos de carcinoma prostático. En las otras 29 biopsias el área con atipia glandular se hizo menos aparente o desapareció. Conclusiones: Los niveles adicionales son útiles para el diagnóstico de malignidad en una de cada cuatro o cinco biopsias con atipia glandular focal. Practicar cortes adicionales en estas biopsias representa un método rápido y a bajo costo que podría practicarse rutinariamente, en particular si no se cuenta con estudios inmunohistoquímicos.