Abstract In this paper, we looked at the collaboration publishing patterns for groups of Global South countries (Latin America, Africa, ASEAN, Asian, BRICS), as well as publishing parameters. We looked at financing and the relationships between these groups and the Global North. Data from 2002 to 2021 was collected from InCites ® (Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics) and SciVal® (Scopus Elsevier). The impact was lower for BRICS, while Latin America and Asean countries tended to have a higher Field Weighted Citation Impact. Good Health and well-being (SDG 3) dominates South-South Collaborations. Asian countries showed a higher percentage of Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG7), while Africa and Latin America had a higher rate of Zero Hunger (SDG1). Each region shows different production profiles, but collaboration with the Global North is necessary for all regions. Intra-regional shows a lower impact than inter-regional financing, calling attention to the increasing influence of China in all regions, except for Latin America. The data analysed can be used for orienting South-South scientific Collaboration programs, focusing on pre-existent synergies and on where policy changes and results can be maximised. paper ASEAN BRICS , BRICS) parameters 200 202 Web Science Analytics SciVal Scopus Elsevier. Elsevier . Elsevier) Impact wellbeing being SDG 3 SouthSouth Collaborations SDG7, SDG7 (SDG7) SDG1. SDG1 (SDG1) profiles regions Intraregional Intra regional interregional inter programs preexistent pre existent maximised 20 (SDG7 (SDG1 2

Abstract Innovation affects a nation’s sovereignty. In this paper, we look at Science and Technology indicators as proxies for Innovation using databases such as WIPO, INPI, Sucupira and Scival, and including patents registered, academic-corporate collaborations, patents citing Brazilian articles (Number of patents and documents) and technical production in Brazilian higher education institutions. We also look at two major previously state-owned companies (Embraer and Petrobras) to see their patenting and citation behaviour compared to other companies worldwide. Brazilian science is a citation basis for patenting in companies and universities worldwide, but Brazil does not use its own publications to support patent proposals. While USP is the major cited university, Unicamp has more patents. Academic-corporate collaboration exists between Brazilian and foreign universities, especially in the US and Europe. The Brazilian companies show low patenting behaviour, but Embraer has a higher impact than Petrobras. As a consequence of the dynamics of science and technology, we suggest that the analyses of the innovation processes could focus on the generation of startups and, in particular, academic spin-offs. nations nation s sovereignty paper WIPO INPI Scival registered academiccorporate corporate collaborations Number documents institutions stateowned state owned Petrobras worldwide proposals university Academiccorporate Academic Europe technology particular spinoffs. spinoffs spin offs. offs spin-offs

Abstract In this paper, we looked at the effect of mobility by students, post-doctorates and professors on science in Brazil. We analysed CAPES, CNPq, FAPESP and Incites data to examine the number of scholarships and their impact on posterior publishing. Decision trees, including the region of the country, length of stay by student and Professor, as well as institution abroad, were evaluated, along with logistic regressions. The number of incoming professionals to Brazil is still incipient. The number of undergrad students was not crucial in forming scientific ties, but the number of postgraduates (> 180 days) and professor stays (>90 days) was important. The highest impact factor of publications shows a greater probability of higher impact with more than six postgraduate students going to institutions in the global north region and professors staying for more than 90 days. Looking only at doctors and professors (Mobility after training), the country of most interest was the United States, followed by France and England, which are similar regarding professors. France had a greater emphasis on postdoctoral studies. Databases need to be improved to include factors such as gender and color/race as well as the origin of scholars from abroad. paper postdoctorates post doctorates CAPES CNPq publishing trees Professor abroad evaluated regressions incipient ties > ( 18 days >90 (>9 important 9 Mobility training, training , training) States England studies colorrace color race 1 >9

Abstract Public universities, and science in general, in Brazil, are under attack from key persons of the government in interviews and articles published in non-scientific journals. Here we look at bibliography data from international science metric platforms (Scival® and Incites®) and official Brazilian agencies such as CAPES and CNPq to reach some conclusions based on scientific analysis. Brazilian Science has shown a steady improvement in quantity and quality over the last 20 years but has recently suffered (since 2015) under severe financial restrictions. An increase in international collaboration also increased citation impact, reaching almost five times the world average. While the medical and natural sciences show the highest impact and prominence, social sciences and the humanities also have spotlight areas with international excellence. Different research institutions and universities offer a variety of production profiles and impacts. This diagnosis shows the need for universities and research institutes in Brazil and funding agencies to undergo strategic planning for definition of mission/vision, goals to be reached, and areas for priority development. Continued support of public universities by the government is necessary for Brazilian autonomy in science and technology and its full integration in the world scientific community.

Abstract Publishing profiles can help institutions and financing agencies understand the different needs of knowledge areas and regions for development within a country. Incites ® (Web of Science) was used to see where Brazilian authors were publishing, the impact, and the cost of this publishing. The USA was the country of choice for publishing journals, along with Brazil, England, and the Netherlands. While Brazilian authors continue to publish in hybrid journals, they are more often opting for closed access, with 89% of the papers published in Brazil being open access, compared with 21% of papers published abroad. The correlation between the cost of publishing and the number of citations was positive and significant. Publishing patterns were different depending on the area of knowledge and the Brazilian region. Stagnation or reduction in publications with international collaboration, industry collaboration, or in high impact open access journals may be the cause of a reduction in citation impact. These data can help in elaborating public and institutional policies for financing publications in Brazil, especially when looking at unfavourable changes in currency exchange rates.