RESUMEN El espíritu empresarial femenino (EEFEM) se ha presentado durante mucho tiempo como impulsado principalmente por la necesidad que abarca los procesos sociales de género que empujan a las mujeres a aventurarse como un medio para encontrar la independencia, la seguridad en sí mismas, el alivio financiero o un estilo de vida más equilibrado. La investigación existente también identificó diferencias en las motivaciones y barreras para el autoempleo femenino en países en desarrollo frente a países desarrollados. Por lo tanto, el artículo propone un marco integrador que combina el arraigo mixto y la teoría institucional para analizar el proceso empresarial de las mujeres inmigrantes, adoptando una lente multiteórica para profundizar la comprensión de las prácticas empresariales de las mujeres en el extranjero, abordando las inconsistencias del arraigo de Granovetter. EEFEM (EEFEM independencia mismas equilibrado desarrollados tanto inmigrantes extranjero Granovetter

ABSTRACT Female entrepreneurship (FENT) has long been presented as primarily driven by necessity, encompassing gendered social processes that push women into venturing to find independence, self-assurance, financial relief, or a more balanced lifestyle. Extant research also identified differences in motivations and barriers to female self-employment in developing versus developed countries. Thus, the article proposes an integrative framework combining Mixed Embeddedness and Institutional Theory to analyze immigrant women’s entrepreneurial process, adopting a multi-theoretical lens to deepen the understanding of women’s entrepreneurial practices, addressing Granovetter’s embeddedness’ inconsistencies. FENT (FENT necessity independence selfassurance, selfassurance self assurance, assurance self-assurance relief lifestyle selfemployment employment countries Thus womens s process multitheoretical multi theoretical practices Granovetters Granovetter embeddedness inconsistencies

RESUMO O empreendedorismo feminino (EFEM) vem sendo apresentado como impulsionado principalmente pela necessidade, abrangendo processos sociais de gênero que levam as mulheres a empreender como meio de encontrar independência, autoconfiança, alívio financeiro ou um estilo de vida mais equilibrado. Pesquisas existentes também identificaram diferenças nas motivações e barreiras ao autoemprego feminino em países em desenvolvimento versus países desenvolvidos. Assim, o artigo propõe um quadro integrador combinando a Imersão Mista e a Teoria Institucional para analisar o processo empreendedor das mulheres imigrantes, adotando uma lente multiteórica para aprofundar a compreensão das práticas empreendedoras das mulheres no exterior e sanar as inconsistências da imersão de Granovetter. EFEM (EFEM necessidade independência autoconfiança equilibrado desenvolvidos Assim imigrantes Granovetter

Military police activity is a dangerous, stressful occupation that poses health risks. Nutritional habits, physical activity, body composition and perceived stress, in addition to being interrelated, influence components of professional performance, such as work motivation, general self-efficacy and absenteeism. The objective was to compare nutritional habits, physical activity, body mass index and perceived stress of military police officers working in operational and administrative services, of both sexes, and to investigate the correlation between these variables. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparative analysis and, for the correlational study, the Pearson correlation coefficient. Perceived stress and physical activity were inversely correlated (r=-0.268; p<0.001). Nutritional habits correlated significantly: with physical activity (r=0.381; p<0.001), directly; and, conversely, body mass index (r=0.256; p<0.001) and perceived stress (r=-0.201; p<0.01). Military police officers from the operational service had significantly higher body mass index (U=3695; p<0.001) and physical activity (U=3776; p<0.001) than their counterparts from the administrative service. Men had significantly higher body mass index (U=1333; p<0.001) and physical activity (U=2205; p<0.01) than women, who had significantly higher stress levels than men (U=1927; p<0.001). The correlations and significant differences observed point to the need to implement personnel and health management policies aimed at improving the lifestyle, body composition and stress of military police officers. Study limitations and future directions are discussed.

La actividad de la policía militar es una ocupación peligrosa y estresante que presenta riesgos para la salud. Hábitos alimentarios, actividad física, composición corporal y estrés percibido, además de estar interrelacionados, influyen en componentes del desempeño profesional, como motivación para el trabajo, autoeficacia general y ausentismo. El objetivo fue comparar hábitos nutricionales, actividad física, índice de masa corporal y estrés percibido de policías militares que trabajan en servicios operativos y administrativos, de ambos sexos, e investigar la correlación entre estas variables. Para el análisis comparativo se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y, para el estudio correlacional, el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Estrés percibido y actividad física se correlacionaron inversamente (r=-0,268; p<0,001). Hábitos nutricionales correlacionaron significativamente: con actividad física (r=0,381; p<0,001), directamente; y, por el contrario, con índice de masa corporal (r=0,256; p<0,001) y estrés percibido (r=-0,201; p<0,01). Los policías militares del servicio operativo presentaron índice de masa corporal (U=3695; p<0,001) y actividad física (U=3776; p<0,001) significativamente mayores que sus homólogos del servicio administrativo. Hombres tenían un índice de masa corporal significativamente mayor (U=1333; p<0,001) y actividad física (U=2205; p<0,01) que las mujeres, quienes tenían niveles de estrés significativamente más altos que los hombres (U=1927; p<0,001). Las correlaciones y diferencias significativas observadas apuntan a necesidad de implementar políticas de gestión de personal y salud dirigidas a mejorar el estilo de vida, composición corporal y estrés de los policías militares. Se discuten limitaciones del estudio y direcciones futuras.

A atividade policial militar é uma ocupação perigosa, estressante e que impõe riscos à saúde. Os hábitos nutricionais, atividade física, composição corporal e estresse percebido, além de relacionarem-se entre si, influenciam componentes do desempenho profissional, tais como motivação para o trabalho, autoeficácia geral e absenteísmo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar hábitos nutricionais, atividade física, índice de massa corporal e estresse percebido de policiais militares que atuam no serviço operacional e administrativo, de ambos os sexos, e investigar a correlação entre essas variáveis. Utilizou-se o teste U de Mann-Whitney para a análise comparativa e, para o estudo correlacional, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O estresse percebido e a atividade física correlacionaram-se inversamente (r=-0,268; p<0,001). Os hábitos nutricionais correlacionaram-se significativamente: à atividade física (r=0,381; p<0,001), diretamente; e, inversamente, ao índice de massa corporal (r=0,256; p<0,001) e ao estresse percebido (r=-0,201; p<0,01). Policiais militares do serviço operacional apresentaram índice de massa corporal (U=3695; p<0,001) e atividade física (U=3776; p<0,001) significativamente superiores aos seus congêneres do serviço administrativo. Homens apresentaram índice de massa corporal (U=1333; p<0,001) e atividade física (U=2205; p<0,01) significativamente superiores aos das mulheres, as quais apresentaram níveis de estresse significativamente superiores aos dos homens (U=1927; p<0,001). As correlações e diferenças significativas observadas alertam para a necessidade de implementação de políticas de gestão de pessoal e de saúde voltadas à melhoria do estilo de vida, da composição corporal e do estresse de policiais militares. São discutidas limitações do estudo e direções futuras.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inoculación con L. buchneri liofilizado y/o activado sobre las poblaciones de bacterias de ácido láctico en ensilajes de maíz. Los tratamientos experimentales consistieron en ensilaje de maíz sin aditivo y ensilaje con los inoculantes L. buchneri 1 × 10 5 ufc/g, aplicados según las recomendaciones del fabricante (1 g/tonelada de forraje) en las formas de inoculante liofilizado e inoculante preactivado. Se identificaron aislados purificados de ensilajes de maíz con y sin inocu lación, y el 93% de los aislados correspondieron a bacterias de ácido láctico de la especie L. plantarum. Entre los aislados no se detectaron bacterias de la especie L. buchneri. La aplicación de L. buchneri liofilizado o activado en la masa ensilada promueve un aumento considerable de la población de bacterias de ácido lácticas en los ensilajes de maíz durante todo el período de fermentación.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 10 5 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage.

Abstract: Eucalyptus planted forests contribute to maximizing lumber production but problems such as longitudinal growth strain can negatively influence the quality of the products. Knowing dendrometric variables and wood properties can help in the prediction of longitudinal growth strain, mainly with the help of artificial intelligence. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks to predict longitudinal growth strain in Eucalyptus trees based on dendrometric variables, spacing between trees and wood density. The longitudinal growth strain was measured in trees of four Eucalyptus clones planted in three spacings. The diameter and height of each tree were measured. The basic wood density was determined. Artificial neural networks were used to estimate longitudinal growth strain as a function of dendrometric variables, tree spacing and wood density. The results showed that the artificial neural networks presented good results for training and validation, with most of them resulting in high correlation coefficient values. The trained artificial neural networks showed a correlation coefficient above 0,56. Artificial neural networks showed that the variables clone and basic wood density were the ones that most contributed to the prediction of longitudinal growth strain. On the other hand, the spacing between trees, the height of the tree and the diameter at breast height were not relevant to predict growth stresses.

Abstract A fibrinolytic enzyme from the microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta was produced under mixotrophic conditions using different corn steep liquor (CSL) concentrations ( 0 ≤ CLS ≤ 0.75%), purified using a combination of salting out and ion-exchange chromatography, and then biochemical characterized. Cultivation of this microalga using 0.5% CSL led to the highest maximum cell concentration (1.960±0.010 mg L-1) and cell productivity (0.140g L-1 day-1), besides a high fibrinolytic activity of the extract obtained by the homogenization method (102 ±1 U mL-1). The enzyme extracted from the microalgal biomass was 5-fold purified with a 20% yield and was found to have a specific activity of 670 U mg-1. The enzyme, whose molecular weight determined by fibrin zymography was 10 kDa, was shown to be stable at pH 3.0–9.0 and up to 70°C with optimal pH and temperature values of 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. When compared to other fibrinolytic enzymes, this protease stood out for its high fibrinolytic activity, which was enhanced by Fe2+, inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it belongs to the serine metalloprotease family. Moreover, thanks to its thermal stability, the enzyme may be easily preserved and activated under high-temperature conditions. (CSL 0.75%, 075 0.75% , 75 0.75%) ionexchange ion exchange chromatography characterized 05 5 0.5 1.960±0.010 19600010 1 960 010 (1.960±0.01 L1 L 0.140g 0140g g 140g L- day1, day1 day day-1) 102 (10 ± mL1. mL1 mL . mL-1) 5fold fold 20 67 mg1. mg1 1. mg-1 kDa 3090 3 9 3.0–9. 70C C 70 80 8 8. 50C 50 50°C respectively enzymes Fe2 Fe Fe2+ Zn2 Zn Zn2+ Cu2 Cu Cu2+ Mg2 Mg Mg2+ Ca2 Ca Ca2+ fluoride family Moreover stability hightemperature 07 0.75 7 0. 1.960±0.01 1960001 96 01 (1.960±0.0 day-1 (1 mL-1 2 6 mg- 309 3.0–9 0.7 1.960±0.0 196000 (1.960±0. day- mL- 30 3.0– 1.960±0. 19600 (1.960±0 3.0 1.960±0 1960 (1.960± 3. 1.960± 196 (1.960 1.960 19 (1.96 1.96 (1.9 1.9 (1.

Resumen El objetivo fue mapear los instrumentos utilizados en la evaluación del síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la seguridad pública, indicando los aspectos psicométricos, muestras y variables asociadas. Se seleccionaron diecinueve estudios de las bases de datos buscadas (PsycINFO, PubMED y Google Scholar). Los resultados indicaron el uso de los instrumentos MBI-GS, MBI-HSS, BM-S, CBI y CESQT, pero solo uno de los instrumentos mostró evidencia de validez en este contexto. El Burnout se encuentra asociado con variables personales, organizacionales y específicas. La comparación de estudios e índices fue limitada debido a la falta de estandarización. La ausencia de evidencia de validez y estandarización de resultados conduce a problemas como la falta de soporte empírico para las puntuaciones y la dificultad para comparar estudios. Los datos revelan limitaciones en la evaluación de los niveles de burnout utilizados en el contexto de la seguridad pública, ya que las medidas no presentan evidencia de validez para este contexto, lo que apunta a la necesidad de realizar investigaciones en el área. pública psicométricos asociadas PsycINFO, PsycINFO (PsycINFO Scholar. Scholar . Scholar) MBIGS, MBIGS MBI GS, GS MBI-GS MBIHSS, MBIHSS HSS, HSS MBI-HSS BMS, BMS BM S, S BM-S CESQT personales específicas área

Abstract Aimed to map the instruments used in evaluating Burnout syndrome in public security professionals, indicating the psychometric aspects, samples, and associated variables. Nineteen studies were selected from the searched databases (PsycINFO, PubMED and Google Scholar). Results indicated that the instruments MBI-GS, MBI-HSS, BM-S, CBI and CESQT, but only one of the instruments showed evidence of validity in this context. Burnout was associated with personal, organizational, and specific variables. Comparison of studies and Burnout indices was limited due to the lack of standardization. The absence of evidence of validity and standardization of results leads to problems such as the lack of empirical support for the scores and difficulty in comparing studies. The data reveal limitations in the assessment of burnout levels used in the context of public safety, as the measures do not present validity evidence for this context, pointing to the need for research in the area. professionals aspects samples variables PsycINFO, PsycINFO (PsycINFO Scholar. Scholar . Scholar) MBIGS, MBIGS MBI GS, GS MBI-GS MBIHSS, MBIHSS HSS, HSS MBI-HSS BMS, BMS BM S, S BM-S CESQT personal organizational safety area

Resumo Objetivou-se mapear os instrumentos utilizados na avaliação da síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da segurança pública, indicando os aspectos psicométricos, amostras e variáveis associadas. Foram selecionados 19 estudos nas bases de dados pesquisadas (PsycINFO, PubMED e Google Scholar). Os resultados indicaram a utilização dos instrumentos MBI-GS, MBI-HSS, BM-S, CBI e CESQT, mas apenas um dos instrumentos apresentou evidência de validade nesse contexto. Constatou-se a associação do Burnout com variáveis pessoais, organizacionais e específicas. A comparação dos estudos e dos índices de Burnout foi limitada devido à falta de padronização. A ausência de evidências de validade e de padronização dos resultados acarreta problemas como a falta de suporte empírico das pontuações e dificuldade na comparação dos estudos. Os dados revelam limitações na avaliação dos níveis de Burnout utilizadas no contexto de segurança pública, uma vez que as medidas não apresentam evidências de validade para esse contexto, indicando a necessidade de pesquisas na área. Objetivouse Objetivou se pública psicométricos associadas 1 PsycINFO, PsycINFO (PsycINFO Scholar. Scholar . Scholar) MBIGS, MBIGS MBI GS, GS MBI-GS MBIHSS, MBIHSS HSS, HSS MBI-HSS BMS, BMS BM S, S BM-S CESQT Constatouse Constatou pessoais específicas área

Resumen Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo exponer las relaciones entre los aditivos en la dieta de los rumiantes y las consecuencias causadas en su nutrición. Los aditivos alimentarios se utilizan en la nutrición de los rumiantes para mejorar las características productivas y/o la calidad de los productos. Hay diversas categorías de aditivos disponibles para la nutrición de rumiantes, con énfasis en antibióticos, prebióticos, probióticos, extractos de plantas y enzimas exógenas. Los antibióticos, los aceites esenciales y el quitosano actúan seleccionando bacterias sensibles y consecuentemente modulan el patrón de fermentación ruminal. Los prebióticos favorecen la microbiota, proporcionando una mayor digestión y producción de ácidos grasos volátiles. Los probióticos son microorganismos que mejoran el ambiente ruminal, lo que resulta en una mayor digestión y producción de ácidos grasos volátiles. Las enzimas exógenas actúan sinérgicamente con las enzimas secretadas por los microorganismos ruminales, además de favorecer la adhesión microbiana y colonización de las partículas, ayudan en la degradación del alimento. Los taninos, ya sea alterando el estándar de fermentación y/o modificando la microbiota ruminal, todos los aditivos son efectivos para mejorar el rendimiento animal. Sin embargo, los efectos de los aditivos sobre los productos están relacionados con la calidad de la dieta.

Abstract This review illustrates the relationships between additives in the diets of ruminants and the consequence for ruminant nutrition. Feed additives are used to improve animal perfor mance and/or the quality of the products. There are several categories of additives available for ruminant nutrition, with emphasis on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts, and exogenous enzymes. Antibiotics, essential oils, and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria, consequently modulating the ruminal fermentation pattern. Prebiotics favor microbial growth, providing greater digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Probiotics are living microorganisms that improve the ruminal environment, promoting microbial growth and resulting in increased digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms, besides favoring microbial adhesion and colonization and facilitating feed degradation. Tannins, whether altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population, are effective in improving animal performance. However, the effects of additives on the quality of the products are linked to diet quality.

Summary Background and aims : Zephyranthes brachyandra belongs to a tribe of ornamental Amaryllidaceae native of South America, whose genera circumscription and phylogenetic relationships are still unclear. Cytologically, Z. brachyandra is a tetraploid whose chromosomes are of similar size and morphology, hindering the identification of its 2n = 24 chromosomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of the many CMA+ and DAPI+ bands and the occurrence of B chromosomes by a cytomolecular approach. M&M : For this investigation we conducted a cytomolecular analysis with CMA/DAPI staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 35S rDNA probes, and the TTTAGGG telomeric probe. Results : In the present work, a cytomolecular analysis of Z. brachyandra, revealed a large and variable number of CMA+ and DAPI+ heterochromatic bands and 5S and 35S rDNA sites, and a regular distribution of the TTTAGGG telomeric sequences. In addition, one individual was monotrisomic with 2n = 24, and another one had a B chromosome. Both numerical and structural chromosome alterations were clearly characterized by CMA/DAPI bands and rDNA sites. Conclusions : Comparing the present data with the cytological data for other species of Zephyranthes, it becomes clear that a cytomolecular approach is fundamental to the understanding of the chromosome variation and cytotaxonomy of the group.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos : Zephyranthes brachyandra pertenece a una tribu de Amaryllidaceae ornamentales nativa de América del Sur, cuya circunscripción de géneros y relaciones filogenéticas aún no están claras. Citológicamente, Z. brachyandra es un tetraploide cuyos cromosomas son de tamaño y morfología similar, lo que dificulta la identificación de sus 2n = 24 cromosomas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la estabilidad de las numerosas bandas CMA+ y DAPI+ y la aparición de cromosomas B mediante un enfoque citomolecular. M&M : Para esta investigación realizamos un análisis citomolecular con tinción CMA/ DAPI e hibridación fluorescente in situ con sondas de ADNr 5S y 35S, y la sonda telomérica TTTAGGG. Resultados : En el presente trabajo se realizaron varios análisis citomoleculares de Z. brachyandra, que revelaron un número alto y variable de bandas heterocromáticas CMA+ y DAPI+ y de sitios de ADNr 5S y 35S, además de una distribución típica de las secuencias teloméricas TTTAGGG. Además, un individuo era monotrisómico con 2n = 24 y otro tenía un cromosoma B. Las alteraciones cromosómicas tanto numéricas como estructurales se caracterizaron claramente por bandas CMA / DAPI y sitios de ADNr. Conclusión : Al comparar los datos actuales con la literatura citológica de otras especies del género Zephyranthes, queda claro que un enfoque citomolecular es fundamental para la comprensión de la variación cromosómica y la citotaxonomía del grupo.

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. People living in vulnerable and poor places such as slums, rural areas and remote locations have difficulty in accessing medical care and diagnostic tests. In addition, given the COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing an increase in the use of telemedicine and non-invasive tools for monitoring vital signs. These questions motivate us to write this point of view and to describe some of the main innovations used for non-invasive screening of heart diseases. Smartphones are widely used by the population and are perfect tools for screening cardiovascular diseases. They are equipped with camera, flashlight, microphone, processor, and internet connection, which allow optical, electrical, and acoustic analysis of cardiovascular phenomena. Thus, when using signal processing and artificial intelligence approaches, smartphones may have predictive power for cardiovascular diseases. Here we present different smartphone approaches to analyze signals obtained from various methods including photoplethysmography, phonocardiograph, and electrocardiography to estimate heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart murmurs and electrical conduction. Our objective is to present innovations in non-invasive diagnostics using the smartphone and to reflect on these trending approaches. These could help to improve health access and the screening of cardiovascular diseases for millions of people, particularly those living in needy areas.

Abstract This work aimed to compare the production of collagenolytic proteases produced by M. subtilissimus UCP1262 in submerged fermentation (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) as well as extracting in aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Collagenolytic protease production was performed in using MS-2 culture medium (SF) and soybean bran as substrate (SSF). Subsequently, the fermented liquid from both fermentations were used for the extraction of enzyme by ATPS, it was verified the influence of different variables from a factorial design 23. In SSF the highest protease and collagenolytic activities were achieved with 362.66 U/mL and 179.81 U/mL, respectively. When compared with SF (26.33 and 18.70 U/mL) higher values were obtained in the activities. The protease partitioning from SF and SSF in ATPS showed a similar profile showing higher affinity for the polymer rich phase. The highest value for the response variable purification factor (3.49) was obtained in the system using SSF. Thus, SSF shows promise as a bioprocess for extracellular production of collagenolytic proteases, using of soybean bran as substrate had used sustainable raw material, aiming application this possible enzyme in the treatment of burns and postoperative scarring.

Abstract Fibrinolytic enzymes are considered promising alternative in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by preventing fibrin clots. A protease from Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 was obtained by solid state fermentation and purified by ion exchange chromatography. The purified extract was administered at an acute dose of 2000 mg/mL to evaluate its toxic effects to the lungs of mice. After 14 days of treatment, a histomorphometric study was performed by the type 1 and 2 pneumocyte count and the evaluation of the lung area. As result, the experimental group showed a significant decrease of type 2 pneumocyte and although a decrease in the alveolar area was observed in relation to the control group, no significant pulmonary toxicity, emphysema, and fibrosis characteristics were detected. The in vitro tests suggest possible clinical applications for the enzyme.

Resumo Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como se manifesta o misbehavior de empreendedores associado às práticas de sonegação fiscal em micro e pequenas empresas, sob a ótica do jeitinho brasileiro. Entende-se o conjunto de atitudes realizadas pelos membros da organização, de maneira intencional, e que resultam na violação de regras, normas e padrões sociais como misbehavior organizational. Observou-se na literatura que a formação cultural do país fortaleceu uma crença comum de que os cidadãos são constantemente prejudicados pelo sistema político, o que influencia na utilização de meios, por parte destes indivíduos, para contornar situações adversas e obter recompensas. Este mecanismo social utilizado como estratégia na solução de problemas é conhecido como jeitinho brasileiro. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas a micro e pequenos empreendedores e posteriormente a análise de conteúdo a partir de categorias de análise. Os principais resultados revelam que a sonegação fiscal é uma escolha racional do empreendedor. Embora alguns empresários tenham apresentado certa hesitação para confirmar a prática ilícita, a maior parte dos entrevistados afirmou que, ao ponderar os riscos e benefícios, o ato de sonegar é vantajoso ao pequeno negócio, uma vez que os custos com penalidades são irrisórios, considerando a baixa fiscalização.

Abstract This research aims to understand how entrepreneurs’ misbehavior is associated with tax evasion practices in micro and small companies from the Brazilian perspective. Entrepreneurial misbehavior is understood as the set of attitudes intentionally performed by the members of the organization, which result in the violation of social rules, norms, and standards. Through a literature review, we observed that ’Brazil’s cultural formation strengthened a common belief that citizens are constantly harmed by the political system, which influences these individuals to circumvent adverse situations and obtain rewards. This social mechanism used as a problem-solving strategy is known as the “Brazilian way.” Thus, a qualitative research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with micro and small entrepreneurs and subsequently content analysis. The main results reveal that tax evasion is a rational choice for the entrepreneur. Although some entrepreneurs have hesitated to confirm illegal practice, most of the interviewees stated that, when considering the risks and benefits, the act of tax evasion is advantageous for small businesses since the penalties are negligible, considering the low enforcement.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo comprender cómo la mala conducta de los empresarios se asocia con las prácticas de evasión fiscal en las micro y pequeñas empresas, desde la perspectiva del estilo brasileño. Se entiende como Misbehavior organizativo al conjunto de actitudes realizadas intencionalmente por los miembros de la organización, que resultan en la violación de reglas, normas y estándares sociales. Se observó en la literatura que la formación cultural del país fortaleció la creencia común de que los ciudadanos son constantemente perjudicados por el sistema político, lo que influye en el uso de los medios, por parte de estos individuos, para sortear situaciones adversas y obtener recompensas. Este mecanismo social utilizado como estrategia de resolución de problemas se conoce como método brasileño. Así, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con entrevistas semiestructuradas a micro y pequeños empresarios y, posteriormente, el análisis de contenido a partir de categorías de análisis. Los principales resultados revelan que la evasión fiscal es una opción racional para el empresario. Si bien algunos empresarios han dudado en confirmar la práctica ilegal, la mayoría de los entrevistados manifestó que, al considerar los riesgos y beneficios, el acto de evadir es ventajoso para las pequeñas empresas, ya que el costo de las sanciones es ínfimo, considerando la baja ejecución.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to estimate digestible protein (DP) requirements for maintenance and growth and assess the efficiency of protein utilization in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles. A complete randomized design consisted of seven treatments, and five replicates (tanks) per treatment was used. After a one-week acclimation period, 350 pacu juveniles of 27.48 ± 1.8 g (initial average body weight - BW) were equally distributed among 35 tanks (10 fish per tank) of 450 L. Fish were fed with seven graded digestible protein levels (64.5, 111.8, 164.6, 217.1, 264.4, 316.2 and 369.5 g kg−1) three times a day until apparent satiation for 120 days. The monomolecular model parameters including nitrogen maintenance requirement (NMR) (37.76 mg BW0.67 kg−1 d−1), daily nitrogen deposition (ND) (194.8 mg BW0.67 kg−1 d−1), and protein intakes (based on metabolic BW) of 1638, 1902, and 2241 mg kg−1BW0.67 d−1 for 75, 80 and 85% maximum theoretical nitrogen retention (NRmaxT), respectively and the efficiency of protein utilization (529×10−6) were estimated through the relationship between nitrogen intake (NI) and ND. The digestible protein requirements for 75, 80, and 85% of NRmaxT were estimated as 187, 217, and 256 g kg−1 respectively by the monomolecular model based on the daily feed intake of 2% of live BW of pacu juveniles.

Resumo Articular saúde e doença mental é uma atividade que demanda modelos teoricamente consistentes. De um lado, o Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) é um modelo de compreensão de transtornos mentais multidimensional organizado por uma lógica quantitativa. Por outro, a psicologia positiva fornece uma ampla gama de fatores psicológicos para compreensão da saúde mental. Assim, visando propor uma articulação teórico-conceitual entre o HiTOP e a psicologia positiva, a presente pesquisa constitui-se de dois estudos. O primeiro estudo um objetivou apresentar os achados empíricos e as discussões teórico-conceituais do modelo HiTOP por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Google Scholar, PsycINFO e PubMED, utilizando os descritores “Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology” OR “HiTOP” no período entre 2017 e 2020. O segundo estudo objetivou discutir as possíveis relações entre os domínios do HiTOP e os construtos da psicologia positiva, buscando articular os fatores psicológicos promotores de saúde mental e as manifestações psicopatológicas correspondentes. De modo geral, observa-se que há um crescente interesse da comunidade científica em estudar o modelo HiTOP e que os recursos psicológicos positivos podem ser fatores de proteção e de intervenção para sintomas e traços psicopatológicos de acordo com esse modelo. Por fim, é indicada a necessidade de mais evidências empíricas que suportem a estrutura do HiTOP, assim como estudos que validem um modelo integral de saúde e doença mental.

Abstract Conceptual articulation between health and mental illness is an activity that demands theoretically consistent models. Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a model for understanding multidimensional mental disorders organized by a quantitative logic. By contrast, positive psychology provides a wide range of psychological factors to understand mental health. Therefore, to propose a theoretical-conceptual articulation between HiTOP and positive psychology, this research consists of two studies. Study I sought to present the empirical findings and theoretical-conceptual discussions of the HiTOP model through a systematic review conducted in the Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and PubMED databases, using the descriptors “Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology” OR “HiTOP” in the period between 2017 and 2020. Study II aimed to discuss the possible relationships between the HiTOP domains and the positive psychology constructs, seeking to articulate the psychological factors that promote mental health and their corresponding psychopathological manifestations. Overall, it was observed that the scientific community shows a growing interest in studying the HiTOP model and that positive psychological resources can represent protective and intervention factors for symptoms and psychopathological traits. Finally, there is a need for more empirical evidence to support the structure of HiTOP, as well as evidence of models that integrate psychological factors promoting health and mental illness.