SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the frequencies of Epstein-Barr virus, types 1 and 2 infection, and 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 viral polymorphism in gastric adenocarcinomas, as well as to investigate the association between Epstein-Barr virus infection and tumor location, type, and the patient's sex. METHODS: Samples were collected from 38 patients treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epstein-Barr virus detection and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining by the silver nitrate method. RESULTS: Overall, 68.4% of patients had Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors. Of these, 65.4% presented infection by Epstein-Barr virus type 1, 23.1% by Epstein-Barr virus type 2, and 11.5% had coinfection with types 1 and 2. The 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism was found in 42.3% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, 23.1% had the wild-type virus, and 23.1% had the wild-type and the polymorphism concomitantly. In 11.5% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, it was impossible to determine whether there was polymorphism or not. Tumor location in the antrum (22 of 38) and diffuse type (27 of 38) were predominant. There was no significant difference in Epstein-Barr virus infection or the 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism between men and women. CONCLUSION: Epstein-Barr virus infection was found in 68.4% of tumors investigated in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article showing the coinfection of Epstein-Barr virus types 1 and 2 in gastric carcinoma in Brazil.

Resumo O fitoquímico natural látex de Euphorbia milii var. hislopii é um dos mais promissores moluscicidas naturais para o controle de Biomphalaria glabrata, tendo sido amplamente estudado em condições laboratoriais como controle seletivo da transmissão da esquistossomose. No entanto, o efeito deste produto em B. glabrata infectada por outro helminto, ainda não tinha sido investigado. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito do látex de E. milii var. hislopii na sobrevivência e atividade reprodutiva de B. glabrata infectada por Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Para isso, foram formados os seguintes grupos: controle (C), exposto (E), infectado (I) e infectado e exposto em diferentes intervalos de tempo de infecção (1 dia – I+E-1D, 7 dias – I+E-7D, 14 dias – I+E-14D, 21 dias – I+E-21D e 28 dias – I+E-28D). A infecção experimental foi realizada com larvas L1 de A. cantonensis e a exposição com 0,08 mg/L (LC50) do látex de E. milii por um período de 24 horas. Foram analisados os efeitos do látex de E. milii quanto à sobrevivência dos moluscos ao longo de quatro semanas, aos parâmetros reprodutivos e as possíveis alterações histofisiopatológicas na gônada e na glândula de albúmen dos moluscos analisados. Em relação à sobrevivência foi possível observar redução de mais de 50% nos grupos expostos ao látex (E e I + E) em comparação ao grupo controle. Quanto ao número de massas ovígeras, ovos e número médio de moluscos eclodidos pode-se observar um aumento significativo no grupo I+E-1D na 4ª semana em comparação ao grupo controle e as demais semanas no mesmo grupo. Larvas de A. cantonensis foram observadas na glândula e na glândula de albúmen, a partir dos 21º dias e 28º dia de infecção nos grupos I e I+E, respectivamente, com a formação de granuloma-like. Nesses períodos de observação e nesses grupos pode-se observar na glândula de albúmen, um aumento do conteúdo de galactogênio, o que influenciou a postura dos ovos, sugerindo um fenômeno de compensação da fecundidade. Foi possível concluir que ambos agentes estressores, infecção por A. cantonensis e exposição ao látex de E. milii influenciou diretamente a sobrevivência e os parâmetros reprodutivos de B. glabrata.

Abstract The natural phytochemical latex of Euphorbia milii var. hislopii is one of the most promising natural molluscicides for the control of Biomphalaria glabrata, and has been widely studied under laboratory conditions for selective control of schistosomiasis transmission. However, the effect of this product on B. glabrata infected by other helminths had not yet been investigated. The present study reports evaluation of the effect of E. milii var. hislopii latex on the survival and reproductive activity of B. glabrata infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. For this purpose, the following groups were formed: control (C), exposed (E), infected (I) and infected and exposed for different time intervals (1 day - I+E-1D, 7 days - I+E-7D, 14 days - I+E-14D, 21 days - I+E-21D and 28 days - I+E-28D). The experimental infection was performed with L1 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposure to 0.08 mg/L (LC50) of E. milii latex for a period of 24 hours. We analyzed the effects of E. milii latex on the survival of snails during four weeks, reproductive parameters and possible histophysiopathological changes in the gonad and albumen gland of the snails. Regarding survival, there was reduction of more than 50% in the groups exposed to latex (E and I + E) compared to the control group. As for the number of ovigerous masses, eggs, and average number of hatched snails, significant increases were observed in the I+E-1D group at the 4th week compared to the control group and the other weeks in the same group. Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae were observed in the gonad and albumen gland from day 21 and 28 of infection in groups I and I+E, respectively, with granuloma-like formation. At these observation periods and in these groups, an increase in galactogen was observed in the albumen gland, which influenced egg laying, suggesting the existence of a fecundity compensation mechanism phenomenon. It was possible to conclude that both stressors – A. cantonensis infection and exposure to E. milii latex – directly influenced the survival and reproductive parameters of B. glabrata.

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar a capacidade adsortiva dos elementos Cromo (Cr), Manganês (Mn) e Zinco (Zn) à alga marinha Lithothamnium calcareum por meio de ensaios de cinética de adsorção e adsorção em batelada, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento de uma técnica simples para o tratamento de efluentes que apresentam elevada concentração de íons metálicos. A alga foi peneirada, lavada e submetida a tratamento. Na cinética de adsorção, pesou-se 0,2 g de alga, quantidade transferida para frascos Erlenmeyer de 125 mL, aos quais adicionou-se 15 mL de solução em concentração de 5 mg L-1 do íon metálico. Os frascos foram agitados a 60 rpm, por 240 minutos. Na adsorção em batelada, pesou-se 0,2 g de alga, quantidade transferida para frascos Erlenmeyer de 125 mL, aos quais adicionou-se 15 mL de solução em concentrações de 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250 e 500 mg L-1 do íon metálico. Os frascos foram agitados a 60 rpm, por 24 horas. Nos dois ensaios, as soluções sobrenadantes coletadas foram centrifugadas a 2000 rpm, por 5 minutos, e as concentrações de equilíbrio dos íons metálicos foram determinadas por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Verificou-se que, em 240 minutos de contato, a Lithothamnium calcareum removeu 15,5% do Cr, 33,0% do Mn e 8,0% do Zn em solução, e que, em 24 horas de contato, em concentração de 5 mg L-1, removeu 0,4% de Cr, 52,5% de Mn e 92,6% de Zn, e, em concentração de 500 mg L-1, removeu 20,0% de Cr, 22,6% de Mn e 40,8% de Zn. Os resultados mostraram que a Lithothamnium calcareum submetida ao tratamento termoquímico apresentou potencial de uso na adsorção de Cr, Mn e Zn.

Abstract This study investigated the adsorption capacity of the elements Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) to marine algae Lithothamnium calcareum by means of adsorption kinetics and batch adsorption tests, with a view to the development of a simple technique for the treatment of effluents that have a high concentration of metal ions. The algae was sieved, washed and subjected to treatment. In the adsorption kinetics, 0.2 g of algae was weighed, an amount transferred to 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, to which was added 15 mL of solution with a concentration of 5 mg L-1 of the metal ion. The flasks were stirred at 60 rpm for 240 minutes. In batch adsorption, 0.2 g of algae was weighed, amount transferred to 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, to which was added 15 mL of solution with concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250 e 500 mg L-1 of the metal ion. The flasks were stirred at 60 rpm for 24 hours. In the two tests, the supernatant solutions collected were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and the equilibrium concentrations of metal ions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that, in 240 minutes of contact, the Lithothamnium calcareum removed 15.5% of Cr, 33.0% of Mn and 8.0% of Zn in solution; and that in 24 hours of contact, at a concentration of 5 mg L-1, it removed 0.4% of Cr, 52.5% of Mn and 92.6% of Zn; and, at a concentration of 500 mg L-1, it removed 20.0% of Cr, 22.6% of Mn and 40.8% of Zn. The results showed that the Lithothamnium calcareum submitted to thermochemical treatment presented potential for use in the adsorption of Cr, Mn and Zn.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare two postero-lateral bundle (PLB) tibial fixation techniques for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with double bundle: a technique without the use of an interference screw, preserving the native tibial insertion of the tendons of the gracilis and semitendineous muscles, and a technique with the use of an interference screw and without preserving the insertion of the tendons. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted in cadavers with a universal mechanical test machine. In total, 23 cadaver knees were randomized for tibial fixation of the PLB using the two techniques: Maintaining the tibial insertion of the tendons during reconstruction, without the use of an interference screw (group A, 11 cases); and fixating the graft with an interference screw, without maintaining the insertion of the tendons (group B, 12 cases). A continuous traction was performed (20 mm/min) in the same direction as the produced tunnel, and force (N), elongation (mm), rigidity (N/mm), and tension (N/mm2) were objectively determined in each group. RESULTS: Group A exhibited a maximum force (MF) of 315.4±124.7 N; maximum tension of 13.57±3.65 N/mm2; maximum elongation of 19.73±4.76 mm; force at the limit of proportionality (FLP) of 240.6±144.0 N; and an elongation at the limit of proportionality of 14.37±6.58 mm. Group B exhibited a MF of 195.7±71.8 N; maximum tension of 8.8±3.81 N/mm2; maximum elongation of 15.3±10.73 mm; FLP of 150.1±68.7 N; and an elongation at the limit of proportionality of 6.86±2.42 mm. When comparing the two groups, significant differences were observed in the variables of maximum force (p=0.016), maximum tension (p=0.019), maximum elongation (p=0.007), and elongation at the limit of proportionality (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The use of the native insertion of the semitendineous and gracilis tendons, without an additional fixation device, presented mechanical superiority over their fixation with interference screws.

Resumo: O racismo é um fenômeno sociocultural que tem notável expressão nos campos esportivos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a produção científica internacional sobre o racismo nos esportes profissionais publicada entre 2008 e 2018. A busca foi realizada em duas bases de dados: Portal da Capes e revistas indexadas na área de avaliação “Educação Física” da Plataforma Sucupira. Foram selecionados 65 artigos os quais são analisados a partir das categorias “injúria racial” e “racismo institucional”. Vários casos de injúria racial são analisados e ilustram formas como o racismo tem colocado obstáculos às trajetórias de atletas negros em diversas modalidades. No plano institucional, são analisadas campanhas contra o racismo, bem como formas racistas de discriminação presentes em esportes como futebol, basquete, beisebol e futebol americano. Destacam-se a variedade de enfoques, a relevância dos estudos e a importância da temática para o enfrentamento do racismo nos campos esportivos estudados.

Abstract: Racism is a sociocultural phenomenon with remarkable expression in sports. This study analyzes scientific works on racism in professional sports published between 2008 and 2018. Searches were performed on two databases: Portal da CAPES and journals indexed on the Sucupira Platform’ evaluation area of ‘Physical Education.’ Sixty-five articles were selected and divided into the categories ‘racial slur’ and ‘institutional racism.’ Several cases of racial slurs are analyzed and illustrate how racism has hampered black athletes’ careers in several sports. At institutional level, campaigns against racism are analyzed, as well as racist forms of discrimination present in sports such as football, basketball, baseball and American football. We highlight the variety of approaches, the relevance of the studies and the importance of the topic for addressing racism in the studied sports fields.

Resumen: El racismo es un fenómeno sociocultural que tiene una notable expresión en el deporte. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la producción científica internacional sobre el racismo em los deportes profesionales entre 2008 y 2018. La búsqueda se realizó en dos bases de datos: Portal de la CAPES y revistas indexadas en el área de evaluación “Educación Física” de la Plataforma Sucupira. Fueron seleccionados 65 artículos que son analizados a partir de las categorías “insulto racial” y “racismo institucional”. Varios casos de injuria racial son analizados e ilustran las formas en que el racismo ha puesto obstáculos a las trayectorias de los atletas negros en diversas modalidades. A nivel institucional, se analizan campañas contra el racismo, así como formas racistas de discriminación presentes en deportes como fútbol, baloncesto, béisbol y fútbol americano. Destacamos la variedad de enfoques, la relevancia de los estudios y la importancia del tema para enfrentar el racismo en los campos deportivos estudiados.

Resumo O trabalho desenvolveu uma pesquisa por meio de questionários online com 55 professores de educação física da rede municipal de Fortaleza/CE, atuantes nas séries de 6° a 9° ano. Objetivou analisar o conhecimento e a aplicação das leis 10.639/03 e 11.645/08. Identificou-se que a maioria dos professores não sabe do que tratam as leis. Mesmo que os docentes não tenham conhecimento, trabalham a temática étnica na escola e afirmam que o conteúdo faz parte da disciplina. Conclui-se que é preciso remodelar as práticas pedagógicas, no que tange a temática, dar uma maior atenção à formação de professores para tal assunto, diante do desafio de construírem-se caminhos para o ensino.

Abstract The work developed a research through online questionnaires with 55 Physical Education teachers of the municipal network of Fortaleza/CE, acting in the grades 6 to 9. The objective was to analyze the knowledge and application of laws 10.639/03 and 11.645/08. It has been identified that most teachers do not know what the laws are about. Even teachers who are not aware of it, work on ethnic racial issues at school, and claim that content is part of the discipline. It is concluded that it is necessary to reshape the pedagogical practices, regarding the subject matter, giving greater attention to the training of teachers for this subject, facing the challenge of constructing new avenues for teaching.

Resumen El trabajo incluyó una encuesta mediante cuestionarios online a 55 profesores de educación física de la red municipal de Fortaleza/CE, que dan clase a los cursos de 6.° a 9.° año. El objetivo fue analizar el conocimiento y la aplicación de las leyes 10.639/03 y 11.645/08. Se identificó que la mayoría de los profesores no sabe de qué tratan las leyes. Incluso los docentes que no tienen conocimiento trabajan la temática étnico-racial en la escuela y afirman que el contenido forma parte de la disciplina. Se concluye que es necesario remodelar las prácticas pedagógicas en lo que se refiere a la temática y hacer mayor hincapié en la formación de profesores en ese tema ante el desafío de tender nuevas vías para la enseñanza.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de um sistema alagado construído (CWS) na remoção de coliformes totais (TC) e coliformes termotolerantes (ThC) de água residuária da suinocultura, como tratamento complementar a um sistema anaeróbio. Na etapa 1, o sistema experimental foi composto por um sistema alagado construído de escoamento vertical (VFCWS) cultivado com capim Tifton 85 em série com um sistema alagado construído de escoamento subsuperficial horizontal (HFCWS1) cultivado com Taboa. No HFCWS1 os tempos de detenção hidráulica foram de 4,7; 3,1 e 2,3 dias e as taxas de aplicação superficial foram 294, 319 e 397 kg ha-1 d-1 de DQO, nas fases I, II e III, respectivamente. Na etapa 2, o sistema experimental foi composto por um sistema alagado construído de escoamento subsuperficial horizontal (HFCWS2) cultivado com capim Tifton 85, os tempos de detenção hidráulica foram 6,1; 2,0 e 0,5 d e as taxas de aplicação superficial foram 850, 656 e 6,34 kg ha-1 d-1 de DQO, nas fases I, II e III, respectivamente. Na etapa 1, verificou-se que o VFCWS foi mais eficiente na remoção de coliformes quando comparado ao HFCWS1. Quando comparados apenas os HFCWS, verificou-se que a remoção de coliformes na etapa 1 variou de 1 a 2 unidades log no HFCWS1. Na etapa 2, o HFCWS2 mostrou-se mais limitado, apresentando maiores eficiências de remoção na fase I, de 1,6 a 0,8 unidades log para TC e ThC, respectivamente. Em geral, a associação resultou em eficiências que variaram de 96,4 a 99,0% para TC e de 94,2 e 97,6% para ThC, equivalente a remoção média de 1,2 a 2 unidades log, considerada satisfatória.

Abstract This study evaluated the efficiency of a constructed wetland system (CWS) in removing total coliforms (TC) and thermotolerant coliforms (ThC) of swine wastewater, as a complementary treatment to an anaerobic system. At Stage 1, the experimental system was combined using a vertical flow constructed wetland system (VFCWS) cultivated with Tifton 85 grass in series with a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system (HFCWS1) cultivated with Taboa. In HFCWS1, the hydraulic detention times (HDT) were 4.7, 3.1 and 2.3 days and the surface application rates (SAR) were 294, 319 and 397 kg ha-1 d-1 of COD, in Phases I, II and III, respectively. At Stage 2, the experimental system was combined using a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system (HFCWS2) cultivated with Tifton 85 grass, HDT were 6.1, 2.0 and 0.5 days and the SAR were 850, 656 and 6.34 kg ha-1 d-1 of COD, in Phases I, II and III, respectively. In Stage 1, it was verified that the VFCWS was more efficient in coliform removal when compared to HFCWS1. When only HFCWS were compared, coliform removal in Stage 1 was between 1 and 2 log units in HFCWS1. In the stage 2, the HFCWS2 was more limited, with the highest removal efficiencies during Phase I of 1.6 and 0.8 log units for TC and ThC, respectively. In general, the association resulted in efficiencies that ranged from 96.4 to 99.0% for TC, 94.2 and 97.6% for ThC, equivalent to the average removal of 1.2 to 2 log units, considered satisfactory.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a importância e a frequência de atividades cotidianas, dadas pelos professores de pré-escolas, em dois estados brasileiros. Eles preencheram um questionário sobre as atividades feitas pelas crianças. A maioria dos professores (90%) considerou tais atividades importantes, mas apenas 15% indicaram frequência diária de atividades físicas. As atividades que tendem ao sedentarismo foram as mais frequentes e as mais importantes e não há oferta suficiente de atividades físicas. Estratégias de intervenção e diálogo entre professores, pais, governos, bem como outros setores da sociedade, precisam ser implantadas para elevar os níveis de atividade física na pré-escola e combater o estilo de vida sedentário.

Abstract The goal of this study was to analyze importance and frequency of daily activities given by preschool teachers from two Brazilian states. They completed a questionnaire about the activities carried out by children. Most of them (90%) considered such activities as important but just 15% of them indicated a daily frequency of physical activity. Sedentary activities were more often and more important and they do not offer enough physical activities. Intervention strategies and dialogue among teachers, parents, government as well other communities sectors are need to be implanted in order to elevate physical activities levels in preschool children and combat sedentary lifestyle.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la importancia y la frecuencia de las actividades diarias impartidas por los maestros de preescolar en dos estados brasileños. Los maestros completaron un cuestionario sobre las actividades feitas por los niños. La mayoría de profesores (90%) considera que esas actividades son importantes aunque solo el 15% señalaron que la frecuencia de las actividades físicas era diaria. Las actividades que tienden hacia un estilo de vida sedentario son los más frecuentes y las más importantes, y no hay suficiente oferta de actividades físicas. Deben implantarse estrategias de intervención y diálogo entre maestros, padres, gobierno y otros sectores de la sociedad para aumentar los niveles de actividad física en preescolar y combatir el estilo de vida sedentario.

Resumo Averiguar a visão de participantes de um curso de extensão a distância sobre a adequação do Atletismo para o ensino da História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira é o objetivo deste artigo. Para a obtenção destas informações optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa e online. Foram considerados os registros disponibilizados pela Plataforma Moodle, obtidos por meio de um questionário aberto e das livres manifestações nos diversos fóruns disponibilizados. Para o tratamento destes dados utilizou-se a técnica de Análise do Conteúdo. Foram identificadas as seguintes subcategorias: a) adequada ao tratamento da temática; reprodutora da diversidade étnica brasileira; b) espaço de afirmação da cultura negra; c) possibilidade não exclusiva de tratamento e d) enfoque inovador e conteúdo aplicável às aulas de Educação Física. Verificou-se, então, que, na opinião dos participantes, o Atletismo apresenta grande potencialidade para o tratamento da História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira em aulas de Educação Física.

Abstract This article looks into the perspective of participants in a community outreach distance education course over the suitability of Athletics for teaching African Brazilian History and Culture through a qualitative online research. It examined records provided on the Moodle Platform and obtained through open questionnaires and spontaneous manifestations on various forums. Data processing used Content Analysis. The following subcategories were identified: a) appropriate approach for addressing the topic; reproducing Brazil’s ethnic diversity; b) space for asserting black culture; c) non-exclusive approach; and d) innovative approach and content applicable in Physical Education classes. Based on participants’ opinions, Athletics was found to show huge potential for approaching African Brazilian History and Culture in Physical Education classes.

Resumen Averiguar la visión de participantes de un curso de extensión a distancia sobre la adecuación del Atletismo para la enseñanza de la Historia y Cultura Afrobrasileña es el objetivo de este artículo. Para la obtención de estas informaciones se realizó una investigación cualitativa y online. Se consideraron los registros disponibles en la Plataforma Moodle, obtenidos a través de un cuestionario abierto y de las libres manifestaciones en los diversos foros disponibles. Para el tratamiento de estos datos se utilizó la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Se identificaron las siguientes subcategorías: a) adecuada para el tratamiento de la temática; reproductora de la diversidad étnica brasileña; b) espacio de afirmación de la cultura negra; c) posibilidad no exclusiva de tratamiento y d) enfoque innovador y contenido aplicable a las clases de Educación Física. Se verificó, entonces, que en opinión de los participantes el Atletismo presenta gran potencialidad para el tratamiento de la Historia y Cultura Afrobrasileña en clases de Educación Física.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon sp. cv. Tifton 85) with levels of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) byproduct (0, 8, 16, and 24%, diet dry matter basis) in the diet of 16 Holstein × Gir heifers with an average body weight of 363.0±27.7 kg on their nutrient intake, digestibility, and protein balance. The experimental period was 17 days, and the sample collection period was five days. There was no effect of cocoa byproduct on nutrient intake. However, the byproduct affected the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, all of which decreased as the level of inclusion of the byproduct in the diet was increased. Nitrogen balance was negatively affected by the inclusion of 24% cocoa byproduct. It is recommended to use cocoa byproduct up to the level of 16% to replace Tifton 85 grass hay in diets for dairy heifers.

ResumoEste artigo tem como proposta analisar como as crianças e adolescentes em situação de conflito com a lei são representadas nas reportagens televisivas e como as informações e descrições ali contidas correspondem à imagem tipificada desse grupo social, fixada no acervo social de conhecimento. Para tanto, tomamos como objeto de análise a série de reportagens intitulada Crime, Castigo e Recuperação, exibida de 20 a 23 de agosto de 2012, pelo jornal Repórter Brasil, da emissora TV Brasil. Para a avaliação do referido objeto, utilizamos como categorias de análise as recomendações dispostas na cartilha Adolescentes em conflito com a lei: Guia de referência para cobertura jornalística, proposta pela Agência de Notícias dos Direitos da Infância (ANDI).

AbstractThis article aims to examine how children and teenagers in conflict with the law are represented in television reports and if the information and descriptions contained therein correspond to the image that typified this social group, and if they fixed in common social knowledge. Therefore, we take as the object of analysis the series of articles entitled Crime, Punishment and Recovery, displayed from 20 to 23 August 2012 in Repórter Brazil from TV Brazil station. For the evaluation of that object, we used as categories of analysis the recommendations laid out in the booklet Teenagers in conflict with the law: Reference Guide for coverage, proposed by the News Agency for Children’s Rights (ANDI).

ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo examinar cómo se representan los niños y adolescentes en conflicto con la ley en los informes de la televisión y cómo la información y las descripciones contenidas en la televisión se corresponde con la imagen que caracteriza el grupo social, fijadas en el conocimiento social. Por lo tanto, se toma como objeto de análisis la serie de artículos titulados Crimen, castigo y recuperación, que há aparecido entre 20 a 23 agosto 2012 en Repórter Brasil, de la TV Brasil. Para la evaluación de ese objeto, que se utiliza como categorías de análisis las recomendaciones establecidas en el folleto Los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley: Manual de referencia para la cobertura, propuesto por la Agencia de Noticias por los Derechos del Niño (ANDI).

OBJECTIVES:Healing is an event that is fundamental to the success of total knee arthroplasty. The aims of the present study were to compare the rates of complications related to wound healing between two groups of volunteers submitted to total knee arthroplasty and to evaluate the effects of postoperative oxygen supplementation by means of a nasal catheter.METHOD:A total of 109 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were randomized into two groups, namely, groups that did and did not receive postoperative oxygen supplementation via a nasal catheter. The surgical wound was monitored every day during the hospital stay and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th and 42ndpostoperative days. Characteristics related to healing were observed, including hyperemia, dehiscence, necrosis, phlyctenules and deep and superficial infection.RESULTS:There were no cases of deep infection. Hyperemia was statistically correlated with the total number of complications in the groups, with oxygen demonstrated to be a protective factor against hyperemia. Approximately 30% of the patients who exhibited hyperemia had other complications, independent of oxygen supplementation.CONCLUSION:Oxygen supplementation following total knee arthroplasty was shown to be effective in diminishing hyperemia around the operative wound. The development of hyperemia was a precursor to other complications, irrespective of whether oxygen supplementation was used.

Background. Access to up-to-date and understandable health information is a growing citizen demand, as well as an ethical duty and a legal regulation. Written information reinforces information transmitted orally during the consultation and improves recall capacity. Adenoamigdalectomy is an intervention that affects a high number of patients, the majority from the child population that has a high emotional sensitivity, and it is experienced by parents with considerable anxiety. An informative guide on adenoamigdalectomy was elaborated and validated. The aim of this article is to describe the process of elaborating the document, emphasizing its validation and results. Material and methods. The document was validated in three phases: A) Clinical content validated by professionals with a checklist and a consensus meeting; B) Analysis of grammatical legibility according to the Flesch index; C) Validation of lexical legibility with citizens by means of a validation guide and interviews. Results. The validation by professionals and citizens was highly positive. The professionals stressed the accuracy of the content and corrected some imprecisions. They made suggestions concerning format, writing style and length. The citizens stressed understandable language, resolution of doubts, respectful tone and their satisfaction with the initiative. They also differed on aspects such as their opinion of the document's length. Conclusions. The validation of informative documents by both professionals and patients is a process of great interest. Lack of agreement in their analyses makes it clear why it is important to include both sectors. The document was improved by their contributions.

Fundamento. El acceso a una información sanitaria actualizada y comprensible es una demanda ciudadana creciente, así como un deber ético y una norma legal. La información por escrito refuerza la información que se transmite verbalmente en la consulta y mejora la capacidad de recuerdo. La adenoamigdalectomía es una intervención que afecta a un número elevado de pacientes, mayoritariamente a una población muy sensible emocionalmente, la infantil, cuyos padres y madres lo viven con bastante ansiedad. Se elabora y valida una guía informativa sobre adeno-amigdalectomía. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el proceso de elaboración del documento, destacando el procedimiento de validación del mismo y sus resultados. Material y métodos. Validación del documento en tres fases: A) de contenidos clínicos por profesionales con checklist y reunión de consenso. B) análisis de legibilidad gramatical según el índice de Flesch. C) validación de legibilidad léxica con ciudadanía a través de guía de valoración y entrevista. Resultados. La valoración de profesionales y ciudadanía fue muy positiva. Profesionales destacaron la exactitud de los contenidos y corrigieron algunas imprecisiones. Hicieron sugerencias respecto a formato, redacción y extensión. Ciudadanía destacó: lenguaje comprensible, resolución de dudas, tono respetuoso y satisfacción por esta iniciativa. Difieren también en aspectos como la consideración sobre la extensión. Conclusiones. La validación de documentos informativos tanto con profesionales como con pacientes es un proceso de mucho interés. Al no coincidir en sus análisis se pone de manifiesto la importancia de incluir a ambos sectores. El documento mejoró con las aportaciones.

OBJETIVO: Foram avaliados e comparados os eixos mecânicos pós-operatórios de 36 artroplastias totais de joelho pelos sistemas de alinhamento navegado e mecânico feitos no mesmo período pelo mesmo cirurgião e equipe, iniciantes na técnica navegada e com experiência na técnica mecânica. MÉTODOS: Entre 2008 e 2010, 36 próteses totais de joelho foram executadas e comparadas, 25 navegadas e 11 mecânicas. Qualquer desvio de eixo medido no RX panorâmico pós-operatório foi considerado positivo. RESULTADOS: As próteses navegadas obtiveram média de desvio de eixo de 1,32 graus e desvio padrão de 1,57 graus e as mecânicas, respectivamente, 3,18 e 2,99 graus. Houve um melhor alinhamento com tendência à diferença estatística em favor da técnica navegada. CONCLUSÃO: Os casos com desvio de eixo maior que três graus foram significativamente maiores na técnica mecânica. A técnica por navegação foi incorporada por nossa equipe sem complicações adicionais e, mesmo sem experiência em cirurgia navegada, os primeiros casos obtiveram melhor alinhamento em relação à técnica mecânica e número significativamente menor de casos fora da zona de segurança de três graus em relação ao eixo mecânico.

OBJETIVE: The postoperative mechanical axis in 36 cases of total knee arthroplasty using navigated and mechanical alignment systems was evaluated and compared. All the operations were performed over the same period by the same surgeon and team, who were beginners in the navigated technique and experienced in the mechanical technique. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2010, 36 total knee prostheses were performed and compared: 25 navigated and 11 mechanical procedures. Any deviation from the axis measured on the panoramic postoperative X-ray was considered positive. RESULTS: The navigated prostheses produced a mean axis deviation of 1.32 degrees and standard deviation of 1.57 degrees and the mechanical, respectively 3.18 and 2.99 degrees. There was better alignment with a tendency towards a statistical difference favoring the navigated technique. CONCLUSION: There were significantly more cases with axis deviation greater than three degrees using the mechanical technique. The navigated technique was incorporated by this team without additional complications and, even without experience of navigated surgery, the initial cases achieved better alignment than with the mechanical technique, and a significantly smaller number of outliers from the three-degree safety zone.

Este estudo propõe-se a investigar o papel e as características do ensino das disciplinas relacionadas à modalidade esportiva Atletismo em quatro cursos de graduação em Educação Física do estado de São Paulo. Para isto, utilizou-se de uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de análise documental das ementas e programas; da observação de aulas e de entrevistas realizadas com professores e alunos das instituições (duas públicas e duas privadas) responsáveis por estes cursos. Por meio destas análises verificou-se que estas disciplinas têm superado algumas características relativas ao modelo curricular tradicional - esportivo. Quanto ao papel destas disciplinas, notou-se que os docentes a consideram como as responsáveis por dar condições básicas aos alunos, para que possam usufruir a modalidade esportiva como instrumental para as intervenções no mercado de trabalho.

This study has the purpose to investigate the characteristics and the role of the athletics-related sports disciplines in four Physical Education undergraduate courses. In order to reach the goal, it was conducted as a qualitative-type research. Data was collected through documental analysis on disciplines briefings and programs, and also from classes observations and interviews with professors and students from the institutions (two State-boarded and two private) responsible for the courses. Through these analyses it was perceived that those disciplines have surpassed some characteristics of the traditional undergraduate program, which is based on sports. Regarding the role of the disciplines, it was noted that professors consider them as responsible for providing students with basic conditions, so they could benefit from sports as instrumental subjects for their professional intervention.