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Abstract This work describes the circulation over the continental slope and the São Paulo Plateau in the Santos Basin during the SANSED winter 2019 survey. The cruise consisted of four legs in the period between June, 11 and August, 03 2019. The observed circulation is dominated by the Atlantic southwestern boundary current regime and remotely-generated anticyclones and cyclones. The former is composed by the Brazil Current, the Intermediate Western Boundary Current and their mesoscale meanders; the latter are 300km vortical rings with origin in the eastern side of the South Atlantic Basin. A Lagrangian scheme applied over satellite altimeter maps indicate that the origin of these rings is primarily the Cape Basin of South Africa. The interaction between the boundary currents, their cyclonic meanders, and the anticyclonic rings is complex, and varies widely. During the SANSED winter 2019 survey period, three anticyclones interacted with the Brazil Current, instabilizing it, forming dipoles with the current cyclonic meanders, leading to their downstream propagation. Ancienter cyclonic eddies within Santos Basin may interfere with the propagation of the large anticyclones further south. In addition, the continuous arrival of remotely-originated anticyclones, the larger portion over the São Paulo Plateau presented a tendency of counter-clockwise circulation during the whole cruise period.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.2206icas

Hydrographic structure of the continental shelf in Santos Basin and its causes: The SANAGU and SANSED campaigns (2019)
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Dottori, Marcelo

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Del–Giovannino, Sergio R.

; Pinto, Andressa P.

; Gnamah, Magnim

; Santos, Arian D.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Moreira, Daniel L.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23013

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study describes the hydrography and water masses of the Santos Basin Continental Shelf (SBCS) during two hydrographic campaigns (SANAGU, SANSED) in 2019. Coastal Water (CW) is the dominant water mass in the southern portion of the SBCS, with relatively low salinity values (S<35.5 g kg–1), and satellite data show that local precipitation and river discharge could not account for the low salinity observed during the cruises in the southern region of the domain. The low salinity observed is explained by the transport from the south influenced by Subtropical Shelf Water (STSW), which was influenced by the La Plata River discharge. In the northern region of the SBCS, the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) dominates the bottom layers of the water column, with the wind playing a major role in the uplift of this water mass, as evidenced by a wind impulse analysis. In this part of the shelf, Tropical Water (TW) was the second water mass in volume and occupied the surface layers and offshore the shelf. CW is restricted to a thin surface layer, which reaches distances of a few kilometers from the coast. Our analysis show the differences in the hydrographic structure of the SBCS and suggests that the SBCS can be divided in two regions with distinct characteristics: 1) the area southwest of São Sebastião, where the hydrographic parameters were modulated by the presence of the Subtropical Shelf Water (STSW); 2) the area northeast of São Sebastião, where the uplifting of SACW was the dominant process.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22062md

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: from cerebral venous thrombosis to neurosurgical treatment: a case series experience from a Brazilian tertiary health care center
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Moreira, Daniel Gabay

; Félix, Evandro Penteado Villar

; Onishi, Franz Jooji

; Ferraz, Henrique Ballalai

; Coradine, Tácio Luis Cavalcante

; Braga, Vinícius Lopes

; Oliveira, Enedina Maria Lobato de

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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2023, Volume 81 Nº 2 Páginas 128 - 133

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a secondary cause of headache and an underdiagnosed disease. The clinical presentation can be highly variable. It typically presents with isolated classic orthostatic headache complaints, but patients can develop significant complications such as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Objective To report 3 cases of SIH diagnosis admitted and treated in a tertiary-level neurology ward. Methods Review of the medical files of three patients and description of clinical and surgical outcomes. Results Three female patients with SIH with a mean age of 25.6 ± 10.0 years old. The patients had orthostatic headache, and one of them presented with somnolence and diplopia because of a CVT. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ranges from normal findings to classic findings of SIH as pachymeningeal enhancement and downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils. Spine MRI showed abnormal epidural fluid collections in all cases, and computed tomography (CT) myelography could determine an identifiable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in only one patient. One patient received a conservative approach, and the other two were submitted to open surgery with lamino-plasty. Both of them had uneventful recovery and remission in surgery follow-up. Conclusion The diagnosis and management of SIH are still a challenge in neurology practice. We highlight in the present study severe cases of incapacitating SIH, complication with CVT, and good outcomes with neurosurgical treatment.

Resumo Antecedentes Hipotensão intracraniana espontânea (HIE) é uma causa secundária de cefaleia e uma doença subdiagnosticada. A apresentação clínica pode ser muito variável. Tipicamente, se apresenta com queixas isoladas de cefaleia ortostática clássica, porém pode evoluir com complicações significativas como trombose venosa cerebral (TVC). Objetivo Relatar 3 casos de diagnóstico de hipotensão intracraniana espontânea manejados em uma enfermaria de neurologia de nível terciário. Métodos Revisão dos prontuários de três pacientes e descrição dos resultados clínicos e cirúrgicos. Resultados Três pacientes do sexo feminino com média de idade de 25.6 ± 10.0 anos. As pacientes apresentavam cefaleia ortostática e uma delas apresentou sonolência e diplopia devido a TVC. A ressonância magnética (RM) do encéfalo varia de achados normais até achados clássicos de HIE como realce paquimeníngeo e deslocamento inferior das tonsilas cerebelares. A RM da coluna mostrou coleções anormais de líquido epidural em todos os casos e a mielografia por tomografia computadorizada (TC) foi capaz de determinar fístula liquórica identificável em apenas uma paciente. Uma paciente recebeu abordagem conservadora e as outras duas foram submetidas a cirurgia aberta com laminoplastia. Ambas tiveram recuperação e remissão sem intercorrências no seguimento cirúrgico. Conclusão O diagnóstico e manejo da hipotensão intracraniana ainda são desafios na prática neurológica. Destacamos no presente estudo casos graves, complicação com TVC e bons resultados com tratamento neurocirúrgico.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758752

Inorganic carbon assimilation by planktonic community in Santos Basin, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
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Kutner, Deborah S.

; Bowman, Jeff S.

; Saldanha-Corrêa, Flávia M. P.

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moreira, Daniel L.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Signori, Camila N.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23006

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Primary production is essential in shaping biogeochemical cycles and microbial and ecosystem dynamics. The distribution of chemosynthetic rates in pelagic zones and their participation in the carbon cycle, especially when compared to photosynthetic rates in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, are poorly constrained. This study aimed to measure pelagic photo- and chemosynthetic productivity and to analyze their spatial distribution and abiotic drivers. Samples for photosynthesis experiments collected at the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) were incubated with 14C-bicarbonate at eight light levels, simulating in situ conditions. Samples for chemosynthesis experiments were collected throughout the water column, from the surface, DCM, 250 m, 900 m, 1,200 m, and 2,300 m, and were incubated in the dark. Rates were analyzed using statistical tests to verify spatial differences between groups of samples and generalized linear models to identify correlations with environmental variables (temperature, salinity, density, mixed layer depth, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, turbidity, CDOM, and phycoerythrin and chlorophyll-a concentrations). Moreover, both processes were integrated from the surface to the DCM and compared at the same stations to determine the relative contribution in the epipelagic zone. The photosynthetic and chemosynthetic rates were, on average, 3.00 ± 3.26 mg C m-3 h-1 and 0.97 ± 1.22 mg C m-3 h-1, respectively. In most stations, chemosynthesis represented an average of 10.2% of total primary productivity, but surpassed photosynthesis in three experiments (reaching 63.4 – 78.8%). Photosynthesis displayed a clear offshore-onshore gradient, along with correlated CDOM concentrations, indicating an autochthonous production of the latter. Chemosynthesis, on the other hand, exhibited high variability and lack of prediction by studied environmental variables, with isolated points of substantially higher activity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22085dsk

Microbiome and virome on indoor surfaces of an Antarctic research ship
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Prado, Tatiana

; Magalhães, Maithê Gaspar Pontes

; Moreira, Daniel Andrade

; Brandão, Martha Lima

; Fumian, Tulio Machado

; Ferreira, Fernando Cesar

; Chame, Marcia

; Leomil, Luciana

; Degrave, Wim Maurits Sylvain

; Leite, José Paulo Gagliardi

; Miagostovich, Marize Pereira

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e230084

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on microbial diversity in indoor environments of ships, as well as the role of the microbiome and its ecological interconnections. In this study, we investigated the microbiome and virome present on the internal surfaces of a polar ship in different stages (beginning, during, and at the end) of the Brazilian Antarctic expedition in order to evaluate abundance of microorganisms in different periods. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We used shotgun metagenomic analysis on pooled samples from sampling surfaces in the ship’s interior to track the microbial diversity. FINDINGS Considering the total fraction of the microbiome, the relative abundance of bacteria, eukaryotes, viruses, and archaea was 83.7%, 16.2%, 0.04%, and 0.002%, respectively. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phyla, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Concerning the virome, the greatest richness of viral species was identified during the middle of the trip, including ten viral families after de novo assembly: Autographiviridae, Chrysoviridae, Genomoviridae, Herelleviridae, Myoviridae, Partitiviridae, Podoviridae, Potyviridae, Siphoviridae, and Virgaviridae. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study contributed to the knowledge of microbial diversity in naval transportation facilities, and variations in the abundance of microorganisms probably occurred due to factors such as the number of passengers and activities on the ship.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230084

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23022

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

Community structure of the benthic macrofauna along the continental slope of Santos Basin and São Paulo plateau, SW Atlantic
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Moura, Rafael Bendayan de

; Dalto, Adriana Galindo

; Sallorenzo, Ilana de Azevedo

; Moreira, Daniel Leite

; Lavrado, Helena Passeri

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23032

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Continental margins usually have a high degree of environmental heterogeneity, which, in turn, promotes high benthic biodiversity. The South-Southeast regions concentrate the most well-mapped areas of the Brazilian continental margin regarding seafloor geomorphology and physical oceanography. However, the structure of the soft-sediment benthic fauna of the continental slope is still unknown. Characterization and understanding of the Brazilian continental slope biota are imperative since human activities are increasing in the last decades, especially after the discovery of the pre-salt reservoir in Santos Basin. In this study, we aimed to establish a baseline of the spatial distribution of the benthic macrofaunal communities regarding their latitudinal and bathymetric patterns in the Santos Basin to support future environmental monitoring activities in the region. As part of the Santos Project – The Santos Basin Regional Environmental Characterization (PCR-BS) – coordinated by CENPES/PETROBRAS, a benthic oceanographic cruise was carried out in 2019. Sediment samples were collected using a GOMEX-type box corer in 47 stations distributed in eight transects (400– 2,400 m depth range). In total, 12 additional stations (1,300–2,200 m) were defined to cover an area where oil and gas are exploited. Our results showed that macrofaunal assemblages of the Santos Basin present strong depth zonation related to changes in organic matter input, as well as to temperature, carbonate, and grain size. At local scale, the northern sector stood out for having a higher abundance of macrofauna in the upper slope (400 m) and it probably reflects the oceanographic processes and the organic enrichment caused by the upwelling events that occur at Cabo Frio region. The zonation pattern and the dominance of some polychaete, peracarid crustacean, and bivalve families were similar to other SE Brazilian continental margins.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22091rbdm

Housing transformations and their impacts on the well-being of dwellers
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Muianga, Elisa Atália Daniel

; KnatzKowaltowski, Doris Catharine Cornelie

; Silva, Vanessa Gomes da

; Granja, Ariovaldo Denis

; Moreira, Daniel de Carvalho

; Ruschel, Regina Coeli

Ambiente Construído

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Dez 2022, Volume 22 Nº 4 Páginas 255 - 274

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As transformações de habitações têm sido estudadas ao longo dos anos. Muitos estudos sobre Avaliações Pós-Ocupação (APOs) evidenciam a ocorrência de alterações iniciadas pelos usuários em Habitações de Interesse Social (HIS) no Brasil. Estas transformações têm objetivos específicos, tais como: adição de espaço, remodelação e melhoria, ou upgrading. Entretanto, as condições resultantes dessas transformações nem sempre são positivas, e podem afetar o bem-estar dos usuários por meio de perdas no conforto ambiental. Um estudo crítico desenvolvido a partir de uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) analisou quarenta e sete pesquisas para entender quais necessidades e requisitos estimulam melhorias em HIS, e como as transformações impactam o bem-estar. Além disso, a análise foi aprofundada para se avaliar aspectos de conforto ambiental, segurança, projeto, layout e aspectos econômicos que afetam o bem-estar das pessoas, e melhoram sua qualidade de vida. Os resultados contribuem para apoiar os processos de upgrading de HIS existentes, e pode orientar o aprimoramento o design de novos projetos de HIS com base nas necessidades de bem-estar e requisitos das famílias de baixa renda.

Abstract Housing transformations have been studied over time. Numerous Post-Occupancy-Evaluation (POE) studies reveal user-initiated alterations occurring in Brazilian Social Housing (SH). These transformations have specific objectives, such as additional space, refurbishment, and improvement, or upgrading. However, results of transformations are not always positive, and may affect dwellers’ well-being through losses in environmental comfort. A critical investigation using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method analysed forty-seven studies to understand what needs and requirements stimulate SH projects' upgrading and how transformations impact well-being. In addition, an in-depth analysis was made to assess aspects of environmental comfort, safety, design, layout and economic aspects that affect people’s well-being, and improve their quality of life. Results contribute to supporting upgrading processes of existing SH and to guide the improved design of new SH projects based on the desires and well-being requirements of low-income families.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212022000400639

Dinâmica da conversão de floresta e tendências climáticas na bacia do rio Madeira
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Souza, Vinicius Alexandre Sikora de

; Rotunno Filho, Otto Corrêa

; Rodriguez, Daniel Andres

; Moreira, Daniel Medeiros

; Rudke, Anderson Paulo

; Andrade, Claudia Daza

Ciência Florestal

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Dez 2022, Volume 32 Nº 4 Páginas 2007 - 2034

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The Madeira River basin is an example of an important portion of the Amazon region that is characterized by a high rate of conversion of forest into pastures and urban centers, evidencing an accelerated transformation in land cover and use with significant anthropic activity over the last three decades, which configures a potential impact in terms of modifying the climate behavior of the region. The present work seeks to analyze, in the Madeira River basin, the hydroclimatic impacts through the study of the variability of the two main components of the water balance and the energy balance at the scale of a watershed, namely precipitation and evapotranspiration, with additional emphasis on the temperature, which has served as a world reference to specify and demarcate changes in climate, given its space-time dynamics of anthropic occupation. More specifically, the occupancy history was initially analyzed using MODIS images for the period 2001-2013. In addition, precipitation data from the CHIRPS satellite product (1981-2017), evapotranspiration data determined by the SSEBop algorithm (2002-2017) via the sensor that produces the MODIS image and surface temperature of the MODIS satellite product (2001-2017) were examined, being such information treated as geospatial variables distributed in the study area. An extensive evaluation study regarding the identification of the presence or not of linear hydroclimatic trends in the Madeira River basin was carried out using the Mann-Kendall test. Although some trends were captured in the analyzed time series, the results obtained also showed that, given the limited database currently available, there is not necessarily a direct and clear relationship between the effect of human occupation and the climate regime of the basin, in contrast to the scientific framework recommended worldwide warning of climate change in the Anthropocene. In part, the high climate variability in the study region imposes limits with respect to clearly understand and separate the signals that can be attributed to the change in land cover and use from the signals associated with climate change that act on broader spatio-temporal scales. In this sense, new studies on monitoring hydrometeorological and hydroclimatic phenomena with corresponding measurements at different scales should be encouraged to better understand the processes of aggregation and disaggregation of the physical mechanisms acting at the scale of a watershed.

Resumo A bacia do rio Madeira constitui um exemplo de porção importante da região amazônica que se caracteriza por alta taxa de conversão de floresta em pastagens e núcleos urbanos, evidenciando transformação acelerada na cobertura e uso do solo com atividade antrópica significativa ao longo das três últimas décadas, o que configura potencial impacto quanto à modificação do comportamento climático da região. O presente trabalho busca analisar, na bacia do rio Madeira, os impactos hidroclimáticos por meio do estudo da variabilidade dos dois principais componentes do balanço hídrico e do balanço de energia na escala de uma bacia hidrográfica, nomeadamente precipitação e evapotranspiração, com destaque adicional para a temperatura, que tem servido de referência mundial para precisar e demarcar mudanças no clima, perante a sua dinâmica espaço-temporal de ocupação antrópica. Mais especificamente, analisou-se, inicialmente, o histórico de ocupação usando imagens MODIS para o período 2001-2013. Complementarmente, examinaram-se os dados de precipitação do produto satelital CHIRPS (1981-2017), de evapotranspiração determinados por meio do algoritmo SSEBop (2002-2017) via sensor que produz a imagem MODIS e ainda de temperatura de superfície do produto de satélite MODIS (2001-2017), informações tratadas como variáveis geoespaciais distribuídas na área de estudo. Extenso estudo de avaliação no que tange à identificação de existência ou não de tendências hidroclimáticas lineares na bacia do rio Madeira foi conduzido por meio do teste Mann-Kendall. Embora algumas tendências tenham sido captadas nas séries temporais analisadas, os resultados obtidos também mostraram não haver, necessariamente, face à limitada base de dados disponíveis atualmente, uma relação direta e clara entre o efeito da ocupação antrópica e o regime climático da bacia, em contraste com o quadro científico preconizado mundialmente de alerta quanto a mudanças climáticas no Antropoceno. Em parte, a alta variabilidade climática na região de estudo impõe limites para que se consiga claramente apreender e separar os sinais que podem ser atribuídos à alteração na cobertura e uso do solo dos sinais associados a mudanças climáticas que atuam em escalas espaço-temporais mais abrangentes. Nesse sentido, novos estudos sobre monitoramento de fenômenos hidrometeorológicos e hidroclimáticos com correspondentes medições em diferentes escalas devem ser incentivados para melhor compreender os processos de agregação e desagregação dos mecanismos físicos atuantes na escala de uma bacia hidrográfica.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509865211

10.

Spatio-temporal analysis of remotely sensed rainfall datasets retrieved for the transboundary basin of the Madeira River in Amazonia
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Souza, Vinicius Alexandre Sikora de

; Moreira, Daniel Medeiros

; Rotunno Filho, Otto Corrêa

; Rudke, Anderson Paulo

; Andrade, Claudia Daza

; Araujo, Lígia Maria Nascimento de

Atmósfera

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2022, Volume 35 Nº 1 Páginas 39 - 66

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Rainfall is recognized as the most important driving force of the hydrologic cycle. To accurately represent the spatio-temporal rainfall variability continues to be an enormous hydrological task when using commonly sparse, if available, rain gauges networks. Therefore, the present study devoted a special effort to analyze the robustness of some satellite rainfall products, notably the datasets hereafter named as (i) CHIRP (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation), (ii) CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data), (iii) 3B42, and (iv) 3B42RT of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), to adequately represent the pluviometric regime in the Madeira river basin. To assess the accuracy of acquired remotely sensed rainfall products, comparisons to observational available rain gauges usually taken as ground-truth in the literature, despite their well-known limitations, were performed. Wavelet analysis was also used to validate the performance of the referred satellite products by means of extracting the corresponding cycles, frequencies, and tendencies along the available time series across the studied basin. The results showed that the data sources CHIRPS and CHIRP better represent the pluviometric phenomenon by means of their monthly accumulated rainfall in the Madeira river basin when compared to the 3B42 and 3B42RT products taking into account rain gauges as baseline information. The CHIRPS product performed the best among the selected rainfall estimators for the Madeira river basin. Further analysis brought up also another very interesting result related to non-rainfall periods, which is usually not reported. However, such evaluation is quite important in hydrology when examining run sequences of droughts and consequent effects in the water balance at the watershed scale. Highly accurate estimates in the sense of identifying non-rainfall periods by remotely sensed information was achieved, which represents an additional and valuable asset of satellite rainfall products. It is worthwhile to say that this perspective deserves to receive much more attention in the literature in order to deeply discuss the water-energy-food nexus.

RESUMEN La precipitación es el factor más importante del ciclo hidrológico. Representar de manera adecuada la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la precipitación continúa siendo una tarea hidrológica abrumadora cuando se utilizan datos (por lo general escasos, cuando no inexistentes) de redes pluviométricas. Por ello, el presente estudio se enfoca al análisis de la solidez de algunos productos satelitales de precipitación, en especial las bases de datos de: i) Precipitación por Infrarrojos del Grupo de Riesgos Climáticos (CHIRP, por sus siglas en inglés), ii) Precipitación por Infrarrojos del Grupo de Riesgos Climáticos con Datos de Estación (CHIRPS), y iii) 3B42 y iv) 3B42RT, ambos de la Misión para la Medición de Lluvias Tropicales (TRMM), con el fin de representar de forma adecuada el régimen de precipitación de la cuenca del río Madeira. Para valorar la precisión de los productos de precipitación adquiridos por percepción remota, se realizaron comparaciones entre éstos y los datos pluviométricos observacionales disponibles, que por lo general se consideran en la literatura como verdaderos a pesar de sus bien conocidas limitaciones. Se utilizó análisis de ondeletas para validar el desempeño de los productos satelitales mencionados mediante la extracción de los ciclos, frecuencias y tendencias correspondientes de las series de tiempo disponibles en la cuenca en estudio. Los resultados muestran que las bases de datos CHIRPS y CHIRP representan de forma más adecuada el fenómeno pluviométrico en la cuenca del río Madeira mediante sus datos de precipitación acumulada mensual, en comparación con los productos 3B42 y 3B42RT, tomando en cuenta como línea de base la información de pluviómetros. CHIRPS tuvo el mejor desempeño entre los estimadores seleccionados para estudiar la cuenca del río Madeira. Análisis subsiguientes mostraron también otro resultado muy interesante relacionado con periodos sin lluvia, lo cual generalmente no se reporta, a pesar de que dicha evaluación es bastante importante en hidrología cuando se analizan corridas de sequía y sus efectos en el balance hídrico a nivel de cuenca. Se obtuvieron estimaciones de gran precisión para identificar periodos sin lluvia con datos adquiridos mediante percepción remota, lo cual constituye un recurso adicional de gran valor de los productos satelitales de precipitación. Vale la pena destacar que esta perspectiva merece recibir mucha más atención en la literatura con el objeto de analizar a fondo la relación agua-energía-alimentos.

https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.52783 15 downloads

11.

Is Hydrogen Indispensable for a Sustainable World? A Review of H2 Applications and Perspectives for the Next Years
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Zuben, Theodora W. Von

; Moreira, Daniel E. B.

; Germscheidt, Rafael L.

; Yoshimura, Rafael G.

; Dorretto, Daniel S.

; Araujo, Ana B. S. de

; Salles Jr., Airton G.

; Bonacin, Juliano A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2022, Volume 33 Nº 8 Páginas 824 - 843

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Hydrogen (H2) was one of the first molecules discovered by our society, being the most abundant element in the whole universe. Thus, H2 has gained a lot of attention throughout the years, and it has lots of applications in different areas, especially since it offers ways to decarbonize a lot of sectors, mainly the ones where it has been proved to be very difficult to meaningfully reduce those carbon emissions. Herein, the main aspects of the hydrogen economy and its main applications for energy, transportation and industries are described. These main areas outline how important is H2 for our society highlighting how H2 can make those well-known processes more sustainable and greener. By the end, a brief discussion on these applications with future perspectives is presented.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220026

12.

A vertical-mode extrapolation scheme applied to the Brazil Current domain: quasi-synoptic scenarios
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Amorim, João P. M.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Souza-Neto, Pedro W. M.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Lazaneo, Cauê Z.

; Bernardo, Piero S.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Martins, Renato P.

; Moreira, Daniel L.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Supl. 1 elocation e22055

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Brazil Current (BC) is a western boundary current, with an average vertical extension of 500 m, which occupies the southwestern margin of Atlantic Ocean. Recently, the South Brazil Bight - SBB (23º S - 28º S) has been intensively explored by the oil and gas industries, which brought a high demand in operational oceanography and ocean state monitoring. In this study we present a new technique based on the vertical dynamic modes of oscillation, to extrapolate velocity profiles in the SBB, with potential applications to data acquired by Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (VMADCP). Using four quasi-synoptic crosssectional velocity data, acquired by Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (LADCP), we observed that the mean circulation of this region can be characterized as a 2-dynamical mode system. This mean circulation is mainly dominated at surface by the BC and at intermediate levels by the Intermediate Western Boundary Current (IWBC), which flows northward. Furthermore, observed mesoscale vortical features in the SBB, such as eddies and meanders, are shown to be primarily barotropic-mode dominated. In our extrapolation methodology, the use of an independent set of velocity time series obtained by four moorings has shown to be a valid way for obtaining the relative contribution of each dynamical mode in the velocity field in the SBB. Normalized mean squared errors below 10% and radar diagrams show that the presented methodology was able to reproduce the main dynamic features observed by LADCP transects. Also, with this technique, we extrapolated three VMADCP sections and the results agreed with previous observations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22141jpma

13.

Prevalência e Características Relacionadas de Pacientes com Eletrocardiograma com Padrão de Brugada em Santa Catarina, Brasil
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Militz, Mariana Sarmento

; Inacio, Andrei de Souza

; Wagner, Harley Miguel

; Wangenheim, Aldo von

; Forno, Alexander Romeno Janner Dal

; Moreira, Daniel Medeiros

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Ago 2021, Volume 117 Nº 2 Páginas 343 - 349

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome de Brugada é um distúrbio arritmogênico hereditário caracterizado pela presença de características eletrocardiográficas específicas com ou sem sintomas. Os pacientes apresentam risco aumentado de morte súbita por fibrilação ventricular. A prevalência desse padrão eletrocardiográfico difere de acordo com a região estudada. Porém, informações epidemiológicas, incluindo a população brasileira, são escassas. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do padrão eletrocardiográfico da síndrome de Brugada e o perfil epidemiológico associado a ela. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 846.533 registros ECG de 716.973 pacientes do banco de dados de eletrocardiograma (ECG) da Rede de Telemedicina de Santa Catarina por um período de quatro anos. Todos os exames foram ECG de 12 derivações convencionais (sem V1 e V2 em posições altas). Os exames identificados com o diagnóstico de “Síndrome de Brugada” (tipos 1 e 2) foram revisados por um eletrofisiologista. Foram considerados significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Apresentavam padrão potencialmente consistente com ECG do tipo Brugada 83 pacientes. Destes, 33 foram confirmados com padrão de Brugada tipo 1, e 22 com tipo 2, após reavaliação. A prevalência de ECG do tipo 1 de Brugada foi de 4,6 por 100.000 pacientes. O ECG do tipo Brugada 1 foi associado ao sexo masculino (81,8% vs. 41,5%, p<0,001) e menor prevalência de obesidade (9,1% vs. 26,4%, p=0,028). Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou baixa prevalência de ECG do tipo Brugada no sul do Brasil. A presença de ECG com padrão Brugada tipo 1 esteve associada ao sexo masculino e menor prevalência de obesidade que a população geral.

Abstract Background: Brugada Syndrome is an inherited arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by the presence of specific electrocardiographic features with or without clinical symptoms. The patients present increased risk of sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation. The prevalence of this electrocardiographic pattern differs according to the studied region. However, epidemiological information including the Brazilian population is scarce. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of the electrocardiographic pattern of Brugada syndrome and the epidemiological profile associated with it. Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 846,533 ECG records of 716,973 patients from the electrocardiogram (ECG) database from the Santa Catarina Telemedicine Network over a 4-year period. All tests were 12-lead conventional ECG (without V1 and V2 in high positions). The tests revealing “Brugada Syndrome” diagnosis (Types 1 and 2) were reviewed by a cardiac electrophysiologist. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: In total, 83 patients had a pattern potentially consistent with Brugada-type pattern ECG. Of these, 33 were confirmed having Brugada-type 1, and 22 with type 2 ECG after reevaluation. The prevalence of Brugada-type 1 ECG was 4.6 per 100,000 patients. Brugada-type 1 ECG was associated with the male gender (81.8% vs. 41.5%, p<0.001) and a lower prevalence of obesity diagnosis (9.1% vs. 26.4%, p=0.028). Conclusions: This study showed low prevalence of Brugada-type ECG in Southern Brazil. The presence of Brugada-type 1 ECG was associated with the male gender and lower prevalence of obesity diagnosis comparing to the general population.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190542 73 downloads

14.

What can be expected to be seen in a Neurology ward? Eleven-year experience in a Brazilian university hospital
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MOREIRA, Daniel Gabay

; OLIVEIRA, Enedina Maria Lobato de

; COELHO, Fernando Morgadinho dos Santos

; FERRAZ, Henrique Ballalai

; FRANCISCO, Silvio

; BORGES, Vanderci

; BICHUETTI, Denis Bernardi

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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Jun 2021, Volume 79 Nº 6 Páginas 478 - 482

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Introdução: As doenças neurológicas representam importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade globalmente, mas informações acerca de internações hospitalares em neurologia no Brasil são limitadas. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de admissões neurológicas por grupo de doenças e pela topografia atendidas em uma enfermaria de neurologia geral. Métodos: Estudo observacional e descritivo. Avaliados diagnósticos de saída de acordo com o Código Internacional de Doenças-10 (CID-10) no período de setembro de 2008 a outubro de 2019. Os diagnósticos foram classificados em grupos de doença e por topografia. Resultados: Foram incluídos 2,606 pacientes, com tempo médio de internação de 16,7 dias e um total de 325 (12,5%) readmissões. A mortalidade geral na enfermaria foi de 100 (3,8%) pacientes. A doença cerebrovascular foi mais prevalente (45,8%), seguida das doenças inflamatórias (22,2%). A topografia encefálica foi a mais comum (66,0%), seguida de nervos periféricos (10,0%), meninges e líquido cefalorraquidiano (7,7%). Conclusões: O perfil de doenças observado neste estudo demonstrou maior prevalência das doenças cerebrovasculares e da topografia encefálica, embora uma grande variedade de doenças tenha sido admitida dentro do espectro de doenças neurológicas.

ABSTRACT Background: Neurological disorders are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, data about general neurological inpatient admissions in Brazil is limited. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of neurological disorders according to disease group and lesion site among patients admitted to a general Neurology ward. Methods: This was an observational and descriptive study. The hospital discharge database for the Neurology ward was surveyed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), from September 2008 to October 2019. The final diagnosis was classified into neurological disorder groups and site. Results: Overall, 2,606 clinical neurological patient files were included, with mean length of hospitalization of 16.7 days and a total of 325 readmissions (12.5%). The overall mortality rate in the ward was 3.8% (100 patients). Among all the diagnoses, cerebrovascular disease was the most prevalent (45.8%), followed by inflammatory disorders (22.2%). The brain was the most common lesion site (66.0%), followed by peripheral nerves (10.0%) and meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (7.7%). Conclusions: The disease pattern upon admission showed that a majority of the cases consisted of cerebrovascular disorders and that the brain was the most frequently affected structure, although we observed that a wide variety of cases were admitted, encompassing all neurological disorders.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0310 229 downloads

15.

Quality analysis of water level series obtained by altimetric radar satellite along the São Francisco River
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Martins, Luana Kessia Lucas Alves

; Maillard, Philippe

; Pinto, Eber José de Andrade

; Moreira, Daniel Medeiros

RBRH

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2021, Volume 26 elocation e28

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Radares altimétricos são equipamentos que permitem a obtenção da elevação da superfície, especialmente nos oceanos ou geleiras. O uso de dados de altimetria em cursos d’água continentais envolve desafios metodológicos, como a frequência de passagem do satélite (27 a 35 dias tipicamente), acurácia de decímetros, manipulação e processamento dos dados, especialmente para rios mais estreitos (largura < 1 km) como o Rio São Francisco. A altimetria por satélite radar propicia ganhos como a cobertura espacial e referência altimétrica global dos dados, que seriam impensáveis para a rede de monitoramento fluviométrico in situ convencional. Assim, os dados altimétricos deveriam ser usados como uma fonte complementar e/ou alternativa aos dados in situ. Neste contexto, este trabalho se propõe a consolidar e avaliar séries altimétricas de cinco diferentes missões: Envisat nas duas órbitas, Saral, Sentinel 3-A e Sentinel 3-B. Para análise do desempenho dos altímetros, 17 séries de nível d’água foram comparadas aos dados de estações fluviométricas niveladas viabilizando o cálculo do erro absoluto e relativo. Os erros encontrados são compatíveis aos encontrados na literatura, variando entre 0.13 m a 0.36 m nos melhores casos (41%). Os satélites Sentinel-3 apresentaram os melhores resultados de RMSE absoluto/relativo: 0.95/0.49 m (S-3A) e 0.96/0.52 m (S-3B). Na sequência, Envisat-X (1.39/0.50 m), Envisat (1.87/0.56 m) e Saral (1.74/0.60 m).

ABSTRACT Radar altimeters are instruments carried on space missions and allow for determination of heights, particularly in oceans and ice sheets. The use of altimetry data on continental waters involves several challenges, such as the revisit frequency (typically 27 to 35 days), an accuracy of decimeters, data handling and processing, particularly for narrow rivers such as the São Francisco River (width<1km). Radar satellite altimetry has advantages over the conventional in situ monitoring network, including in terms of spatial coverage and global altimetric reference of data. Thus, altimetry data should be used as a complementary and/or alternative source to in situ data. In this context, this study consolidates and evaluates the altimetric series of five different altimetry missions: Envisat in two orbits, Saral, Sentinel 3-A, and Sentinel 3-B. The altimetry water level time series of 17 Virtual stations were compared with leveled gauging stations series to calculate absolute and relative errors. Ultimately, the errors varied from 0.13 m to 0.36 m in the best cases (41%), in line with recent literature. Sentinel-3 satellites showed the best RMSE absolute/relative results: 0.95/0.49 m (S-3A) and 0.96/0.52 m (S-3B). The second best RMSEs was Envisat-X (1.39/0.50 m), then Envisat (1.87/0.56 m) and Saral (1.74/0.60 m).

https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.262120210069

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