ABSTRACT Purpose: The current study aimed at evaluating the repair of a partial defect of the trachea with a muscle flap, an advanced technique that employs combined suture patterns. Methods: Sixteen healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were used as an experimental model. A partial defect in the trachea within the ventral region of the fourth to eighth tracheal ring was created. Subsequently, repair was initiated with a flap of the sternocephalicus muscle. The animals were divided into four groups for postoperative evaluation using clinical, tracheoscopic, and histopathological analyses. Each group was separated according to the time of euthanasia, programmed at interval of seven (G7), 15 (G15), 30 (G30), and 60 days (G60). Results: One animal from the G60 group died, whereas the other animals had good surgical recovery without serious changes in the breathing pattern. The major clinical signs observed were stridor and coughing. Tracheoscopy revealed secretions in the tracheal lumen, exuberant granulation, and stenosis. Histopathological analysis showed growth of the ciliary respiratory epithelium at the flap site 30 days after implantation. Conclusions: Partial repair showed satisfactory results owing to the anatomical location of the muscle, adequate vascular support, and structural and physiological maintenance without serious changes in the respiratory system. Purpose patterns Methods model created Subsequently tracheoscopic analyses euthanasia G7, G7 G , (G7) 1 G15, G15 (G15) 3 G30, G30 (G30) 6 G60. . (G60) Results G6 died pattern coughing lumen granulation stenosis implantation Conclusions support system (G7 G1 (G15 G3 (G30 (G60 (G (G1 (G3 (G6

ABSTRACT Purpose: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder (GB) disease in small animals. The aims of this study were to investigate and compare the effect of different types of dissectors during LC in rabbits; electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device (EBVS-LigaSure) and standard electrosurgical dissection (bipolar Maryland) for dissection of the GB in LC, correlating liver function tests (LFTs) in pre and postoperative periods (days 0, 3, 7, 15); macroscopic checking 15 days after surgery through necropsy; histopathological, bacteriological through bacterial growth by culture and intraoperative complications. Methods: Twenty rabbits were used, group (n = 10) using EBVS for GB dissection and cystic duct seal (GLL), and group (n = 10) using bipolar dissecting forceps and EVBS for cystic duct seal (GLE). Results: A higher concentration of alkaline phosphatase was observed on GLL 15 days after surgery when compared to GLE. In addition, GLE resulted in a higher concentration of alanine aminotransferase at three days when compared to GLL. Conclusion: In LC no significant statistical differences were found between EBVS and bipolar Maryland; both devices are equally safe and effective in LC. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of these devices in animals with gallbladder pathologies. Therefore, clinical studies are necessary. Purpose (LC (GB EBVSLigaSure LigaSure (EBVS-LigaSure Maryland LFTs (LFTs 0 3 7 15) 1 necropsy histopathological complications Methods used n 10 GLL, , (GLL) . (GLE) Results addition Conclusion pathologies Therefore necessary (GLL (GLE

Resumo Estudos demonstram que o dispositivo selante de vasos DSV-LigaSure promove menor dano tecidual que o eletrocirúrgico bipolar e o aumento e diminuição das concentrações de proteínas e imunoglobulinas após a colecistectomia laparoscópica é esperado e transitório. Objetivou-se comparar os valores séricos das proteínas de fase aguda e imunoglobulinas de coelhos submetidos à dissecção da vesícula biliar utilizando eletrocirúrgico bipolar (pinça Maryland) e DSV-LigaSure para determinar qual dos dissectores apresentou menor alteração inflamatória. Vinte coelhos foram distribuídos em dois grupos com dez animais cada, sendo o Grupo 1 submetido à técnica de colecistectomia laparoscópica utilizando o eletrocirúrgico bipolar para dissecção e DSV-LigaSure para selar o ducto cístico e o Grupo 2, submetido à dissecção da vesícula biliar e selagem do ducto cístico utilizando o DSV-LigaSure. As proteínas de fase aguda e imunoglobulinas foram avaliadas nos dias três, sete e 15 do período pós-operatório. As concentrações séricas de fibrinogênio, transferrina, IgG, α1- glicoproteína ácida, PM 23000 Da e proteína C reativa não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, apenas diferenças significativas entre os dias de avaliação no mesmo grupo. IgA, ceruloplasmina e haptoglobina não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre grupos e nem entre dias de avaliação. Apenas albumina apresentou diferença entre grupos, onde o Grupo 1 demonstrou menor concentração da proteína após 15 dias. Ambos dissectores apresentaram alterações nas proteínas de fase aguda, demonstrando que não houve superioridade na técnica utilizando o DSV-LigaSure. DSVLigaSure DSV LigaSure transitório Objetivouse Objetivou se pinça Maryland inflamatória cada 2 DSVLigaSure. LigaSure. três pósoperatório. pósoperatório pós operatório. operatório pós-operatório fibrinogênio transferrina IgG α1 α ácida 2300 grupo IgA 230 23

Abstract Studies have demonstrated that the LigaSure device causes less tissue damage than bipolar electrosurgery. Increases and decreases in protein and immunoglobulin concentrations after laparoscopic cholecystectomy are expected and transient. This study aimed to compare serum values of acute-phase proteins and immunoglobulins in rabbits undergoing gallbladder dissection using bipolar electrosurgery (Maryland forceps) and vessel sealing device (VSD) LigaSure. The objective was to determine which method resulted in less inflammatory change. Twenty rabbits were divided into two groups of ten each. Group 1 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with bipolar electrosurgical forceps for dissection and LigaSure for sealing the cystic duct. Group 2 underwent dissection and cystic duct sealing using VSD-LigaSure only. Acute-phase proteins and immunoglobulins were evaluated on postoperative days three, seven, and fifteen. Serum concentrations of fibrinogen, transferrin, IgG, α1-acid glycoprotein, PM 23000 Da, and C-reactive protein (CRP) did not differ significantly between groups. However, significant differences were observed between evaluation days within the same group. IgA, ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin were not statistically analyzed for either group or day comparisons. Only albumin levels differed between groups, with group 1 showing a lower protein concentration on day 15. Both methods caused changes in acute-phase proteins, indicating no significant advantage for using the LigaSure device. transient acutephase acute phase Maryland VSD (VSD change each VSDLigaSure only Acutephase Acute three seven fifteen fibrinogen transferrin IgG α1acid αacid α1 acid α glycoprotein 2300 Da Creactive C reactive CRP (CRP However IgA ceruloplasmin comparisons 15 230 23

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this randomized study was to compare the complications and perioperative outcome of three different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Changes in the liver function test after LC techniques were investigated. Also, we compared the degree of postoperative adhesions and histopathological changes of the liver bed. Methods: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: group A) Fundus-first technique by Hook dissecting instrument and Roeder Slipknot applied for cystic duct (CD) ligation; group B) conventional technique by Maryland dissecting forceps and electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) for CD seal; group C) conventional technique by EBVS for gallbladder (GB) dissection and CD seal. Results: Group A presented a longer GB dissection time than groups B and C. GB perforation and bleeding from tissues adjacent to GB were similar among tested groups. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased (p ≤ 0.05) on day 3 postoperatively in group A. By the 15th postoperative day, the enzymes returned to the preoperative values. Transient elevation of hepatic transaminases occurred after LC in all groups. Group A had a higher adherence score than groups B and C and was associated with the least predictable technique. Conclusions: LC can be performed using different techniques, although the use of EBVS is highly recommended. Purpose LC. . (LC) investigated Also bed Methods Fundusfirst Fundus first (CD ligation (EBVS seal (GB Results Gammaglutamyl Gamma glutamyl p 0.05 005 0 05 th values Conclusions recommended (LC 0.0 00 0.

RESUMO: A toracoscopia está substituindo as biópsias pulmonares abertas por ser menos invasiva. Usualmente a técnica é feita utilizando três portais e ligaduras feitas intra corporalmente. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a viabilidade e eficácia de uma nova ligadura com alça pré-amarrada e propor uma estratégia de acesso toracoscópico com dois portais para realizar biópsia pulmonar em pacientes com menos de 5kg. Dez coelhos foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal. A biópsia pulmonar por toracoscopia total foi feita pela abordagem combinada transdiafragmática e abordagem intercostal direita. Uma nova ligadura pré-amarrada foi colocada para realizar uma biópsia do lobo pulmonar caudal. Não foi realizada insuflação da cavidade torácica. O tempo total de cirurgia foi de 41,4 ± 14,5 min. Os procedimentos foram realizados sem complicações que impedissem o escorregamento ou aperto do nó ou que o soltassem após a biópsia pulmonar; não houve nenhuma intercorrência grave durante o procedimento cirúrgico. As amostras coletadas tinham tamanho médio 1x0,64x0,45 cm e foram consideradas satisfatórias de acordo com a avaliação histopatológica. As radiografias de tórax feitas antes e depois das cirurgias foram comparadas e não mostraram pneumotórax ou hemotórax. A necropsia confirmou que não ocorreu falha do nó no local da biópsia. Conclui-se que uso da nova ligadura com alça pré-amarrada é uma técnica segura e eficaz, evitando problemas com o tamanho limitado da cavidade torácica em pacientes pequenos. RESUMO invasiva corporalmente préamarrada pré amarrada 5kg kg dorsal direita caudal 414 41 4 41, 145 14 5 14, min cirúrgico 1x064x045 xx 1x0 64x0 45 x 1x0,64x0,4 histopatológica hemotórax Concluise Conclui se eficaz pequenos 1 1x064x04 1x 64x 1x0,64x0, 1x064x0 1x0,64x0 1x064x 1x0,64x

ABSTRACT: Thoracoscopy is replacing open lung biopsies because it is less invasive, usually the technique is done using three portals and intracorporeal suture technique. This study described the feasibility and efficacy of a novel pre tied loop ligature and to propose a thoracoscopic access strategy with two portals to perform lung biopsy in patients under 5 kg. Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed using a combined transdiaphragmatic approach and a right intercostal approach. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to perform a caudal lung lobe biopsy. Insufflation of the thoracic cavity was not performed. The total surgery time was 41.4 ± 14.5 min. The procedure was carried out free of complications that prevented slippage or tightening the knot or that made it come loose after the lung biopsy; there was no serious complication during the surgical procedure. The samples obtained averaged 1x0.64x0.45 cm (Length, Width, Depth) and were considered satisfactory according to the histopathologic evaluation. Thorax radiographs taken before and after the surgeries were compared and showed no pneumothorax or hemothorax. Necropsy confirmed no knot failure occurred at the biopsy site. The use of the novel pre tied loop ligature is a safe and effective technique, avoiding problems with the limited size of the thoracic cavity in small patients. ABSTRACT invasive kg recumbency 414 41 4 41. 145 14 14. min 1x064x045 xx 1x0 64x0 45 x 1x0.64x0.4 Length, Length (Length Width Depth evaluation hemothorax site 1 1x064x04 1x 64x 1x0.64x0. 1x064x0 1x0.64x0 1x064x 1x0.64x

RESUMO: Existe vasta literatura sobre a desnervação intrínseca de segmentos do tubo digestório através da aplicação de CB na serosa da víscera. Entretanto, essa técnica tem a desvantagem de causar peritonite, formação de bridas e alta mortalidade, não sendo factível para eventuais utilizações em humanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do Cloreto de benzalcônio (CB) induzir desnervação química intrínseca, por meio de aplicações intramurais em íleo de ratos wistar, além de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a evolução da lesão neuronal causada neste processo. Foram utilizados 40 ratos, distribuídos em dois grupos (controle- GC e benzalcônio- GB) de 20 animais cada, subdivididos em quatro subgrupos de acordo com o tempo de avaliação pós-operatória de 24, 48 horas, 30 e 90 dias. Os animais foram submetidos à microinjeções intramurais de solução salina estéril 0,9% (GC) ou de cloreto de benzalcônio (GB) em porção ileal, e posterior análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, para avaliação da lesão neuronal. Houve diminuição significativa (p<0,05) na contagem neuronal mientérica ao longo do tempo nos grupos GB2, GB3 e GB4. A imunomarcação específica positiva para H2AX e Caspase-3 confirmou os resultados obtidos na avaliação histopatológica, denotando início da lesão celular irreversível em 24 horas, evoluindo para apoptose neuronal em 48 horas após a aplicação do CB 0,3%. Nas condições em que este trabalho foi conduzido, é possível concluir que a aplicação de CB 0,3% por meio de microinjeções intramurais na parede ileal é capaz de induzir desnervação química intrínseca da porção ileal de ratos wistar e que o principal mecanismo de morte neuronal é a indução de apoptose.

ABSTRACT: Extensive literature is available about the intrinsic denervation of segments of the digestive tube through the application of CB in the serosa of the viscera. However, this technique has some disadvantages like causing peritonitis, flanges and high mortality, limiting its use in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of benzalkonium chloride (CB) to induce intrinsic chemical denervation, through applications of CB in the intramural ileum of wistar rats, as well as deepen the knowledge about the evolution of neuronal injury caused in the process. We used 40 rats, divided into two groups (control-GC and benzalkonium-GB) of 20 animals each, divided into four sub-groups according to the time of postoperative assessment of 24, 48 hours, 30 and 90 days. The animals were submitted to intramural microinjections of sterile saline solution 0.9% (GC) or benzalkonium chloride (GB) in ileal portion, and subsequent histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for evaluation of neuronal injury. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was found of the neuronal myenteric count over time in groups, GB3, GB4 and GB2. The specific positive immunolabeling for H2AX and Caspase-3 confirmed the results obtained in the histopathological evaluation, denoting the ignition of irreversible cell injury in 24 hours, evolving into neuronal apoptosis in 48 hours after application of the CB 0.3%. Under the conditions in which this work was conducted, it can be concluded that the application of CB 0.3% by means of microinjections intramural in the ileal wall is able to induce intrinsic chemical denervation of the diverticulum of wistar rats and that the main mechanism of neuronal death is induction of apoptosis.