Abstract Objective. To carry out a cultural adaptation of the Cultural Competence Measurement Scale for Health Care Workers (EMCC-14) for the Colombian context. Methodology: cultural and content validation by expert judgment, including concordance and reliability analysis. Main results: the overall Kappa index of 0.151 implied a low agreement among coders and a concept of slight reliability. The following categories were explored: concordance, semantic content analysis, item wording, clarity and precision, and cultural relevance; concordance ranged from poor to acceptable, with semantic analysis showing greater affectation. After adjustments, the level of reliability for the scale and by dimensions obtained a Cronbach's alpha 0.738, which is interpreted as an acceptable level of reliability. Main conclusion: The version of the EMCC-14 culturally adapted to the Colombian context obtained an adequate level of comprehensibility and reliability, allowing its application to determine the level of cultural competence in health care workers.

Resumen Objetivo. Realizar adaptación cultural de la Escala de Medición Competencia Cultural en trabajadores de la salud (EMCC-14), para el contexto colombiano. Método: validación cultural y de contenido por juicio de expertos, incluido análisis de concordancia y fiabilidad. Resultados principales: el índice global de Kappa de 0.151, implicó un bajo acuerdo entre codificadores y un concepto de leve fiabilidad. Se exploraron las categorías: congruencia, análisis semántico de contenido, redacción de los ítems, claridad y precisión, y pertinencia cultural; la concordancia osciló entre pobre y aceptable, el análisis semántico presentó mayor afectación. Realizados los ajustes, el nivel de confiabilidad para la escala y por dimensiones, obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach 0.738, interpretándose como un nivel de confiabilidad aceptable. Conclusión principal: La versión del EMCC-14 adaptada culturalmente al contexto colombiano obtuvo un adecuado nivel de comprensibilidad y confiabilidad, permitiendo su aplicación para determinar el nivel de competencia cultural en trabajadores de salud.

RESUMEN La vértebra limbus es una rara condición poco descrita en la literatura médica. Se caracteriza por una herniación marginal intracorporal del núcleo pulposo que resulta en la separación de un fragmento óseo de forma triangular. Usualmente se presenta en niños o adolescentes, principalmente en la columna lumbar, y ocasiona dolor que, en la mayoría de los casos, mejora con el tratamiento con antiinflamatorios.

A B S T R A C T The limbus vertebra is a rare condition poorly described in the medical literature. Marginal intrabody herniation of the nucleus pulposus resulting in the separation of a triangular bone fragment. It usually occurs in children or adolescents mainly in the lumbar spine and causes pain that in most cases improves with treatment with anti-inflammatories.

RESUMEN La reacción a drogas con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos es una condición debida a una lista extensa de medicaciones, entre las que se encuentra la sulfasalazina. El compromiso es muy variado, desde rash cutáneo hasta afectación visceral acompañado de eosinofilia, que en ocasiones puede llevar a la muerte. El pilar del tratamiento es la suspensión del medicamento agresor y el uso de corticosteroides orales e intravenosos dependiendo de la severidad del cuadro.

ABSTRACT Drugs reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms can be caused by an extensive list of medications, including sulphasalazine. The compromise is very varied, from skin rash to visceral involvement, accompanied by an eosinophilia that can sometimes lead to death. The cornerstone of the treatment is the suspension of the aggressive medication and the use of oral and intravenous corticosteroids, depending on the severity of the condition.

El signo de Pellegrini-Stieda es la calcificación del ligamento colateral medial de la rodilla posterior a trauma. La presencia de síntomas asociados a los hallazgos radiológicos se conoce con el nombre de síndrome de Pellegrini-Stieda. El dolor es el principal elemento caracterizador de la enfermedad. El tratamiento varía desde reposo, fisioterapia, uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroides, infiltración con glucocorticoides hasta cirugía, en casos severos y recalcitrantes.

The Pellegrini-Stieda sign is a calcification of the medial collateral ligament of the knee after trauma. The presence of symptoms associated with radiological findings is known as Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome. Pain is the main element that characterises the disease. Treatment ranges from rest, physical therapy, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid injection, and even surgery in severe and recalcitrant cases.

La enfermedad de Camurati-Engelmann es una entidad poco común debida a mutaciones en el gen que codifica el TGF-(3. Se caracteriza por hiperostosis de huesos largos y cráneo, acompañada de dolor óseo intenso, ocasionalmente debilidad muscular, marcha de pato. El tratamiento se basa en el uso de glucocorticoides en dosis altas y en casos severos la descompresión quirúrgica está indicada. Desde nuestro conocimiento este es el primer caso reportado en Colombia.

Camurati-Engelmann disease is a rare entity due to mutations in the gene encoding the TGF-(3. It is characterised by hyperostosis of long bones and skull, accompanied by severe bone pain, and occasionally muscular weakness and a waddling gait. The treatment is based on the use of high doses of glucocorticoids, and in severe cases surgical decompression is indicated. As far as we know, this is the first case reported in Colombia.

RESUMO A síndrome do corneal melting periférica é uma rara condição imune caracterizada por afinamento da margem da córnea e, às vezes, perfuração. Está associada a doenças reumáticas e não reumáticas. Poucos casos de síndrome do corneal melting periférica foram relatados em pacientes com psoríase. A patogênese não foi completamente entendida, mas as metaloproteinases podem ter papel patogênico. A terapia Anti-TNF diminuiu os níveis de metaloproteinases na pele e no sangue em psoríase. Reportamos o caso de um homem de 61 anos com síndrome do corneal melting periférica associada à artrite psoriásica que recebeu adalimumabe para controlar a inflamação na pele e no olho. Pelo que sabemos, este é o primeiro caso de síndrome do corneal melting periférica em artrite psoriática tratado com adalimumabe mostrando evolução nas lesões cutâneas e cura total da perfuração da córnea em três meses.

ABSTRACT Peripheral corneal melting syndrome is a rare immune condition characterized by marginal corneal thinning and sometimes perforation. It is associated with rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases. Few cases of peripheral corneal melting have been reported in patients with psoriasis. The pathogenesis is not fully understood but metalloproteinases may play a pathogenic role. Anti-TNF therapy has shown to decrease skin and serum metalloproteinases levels in psoriasis. We report a 61-year-old man with peripheral corneal melting syndrome associated with psoriatic arthritis who received adalimumab to control skin and ocular inflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of peripheral corneal melting syndrome in psoriatic arthritis treated with adalimumab showing resolution of skin lesions and complete healing of corneal perforation in three months.

O bloqueio do TNF tem tido sucesso no tratamento de algumas doenças reumáticas, como a espondiloartrite. Relatam-se muitas complicações infecciosas com a terapia anti-TNF, principalmente infecções bacterianas, micobacterianas, virais e fúngicas. A Entamoeba histolytica é um protozoário extracelular que causa principalmente colite e abscesso hepático, sendo que a perfuração intestinal é uma complicação rara, com alta mortalidade. O TNF é considerado o principal mediador da imunidade celular contra a amebíase. Inicialmente, é quimiotático para a E. histolytica, potencializando sua adesão ao enterócito por meio da lectina galactose-inibível, e depois ativando os macrófagos para matarem a ameba pela liberação de NO; assim, o bloqueio do TNF poderia ser prejudicial, aumentando a virulência amebiana. Descreve-se o caso de uma mulher de 46 anos com espondiloartrite que apresentou uma perfuração do colo por colite amebiana invasiva durante uso de anti-TNF.

TNF blockade has been successful in the treatment of some rheumatic diseases such as spondyloarthritis. Many infectious complications have been reported with anti-TNF therapy, mainly bacterial, mycobacterial, viral and fungal infections. Entamoeba histolytica is an extracellular protozoan parasite that mainly causes colitis and hepatic abscess; bowel perforation is an uncommon complication with high mortality. TNF is considered the principal mediator of cell immunity against amebiasis. Initially, it is chemotactic to E. histolytica, enhancing its adherence to enterocyte via galactose inhibitable lectin, and then activating macrophages to kill ameba though the release of NO, so that TNF blocking could be harmful, increasing amebic virulence. We describe the case of a 46-year-old woman with spondyloarthritis who presented a colonic perforation due to invasive amebic colitis during anti-TNF use.

La exostosis múltiple hereditaria es una enfermedad poco común, de origen genético claramente establecido. Se caracteriza por la aparición de masas duras e indoloras, principalmente, en huesos largos de extremidades inferiores. La radiología convencional permite diagnosticar la enfermedad. El tratamiento de lesiones pequeñas y asintomáticas es la observación. Sin embargo, lesiones grandes o aquellas que causan síntomas compresivos son susceptibles de cirugía.

Hereditary multiple exostoses is a rare disease of genetic origin clearly established. It is characterized by the appearance of hard and painless masses mainly in long bones of the lower extremities. Conventional radiology allows the diagnosis of the disease. Treatment of small and asymptomatic lesions is observation. However large lesions or those causing compressive symptoms are amenable to surgery.

A espondilite anquilosante é uma doença reumática crônica de homens jovens que afeta principalmente o esqueleto axial e está associada ao HLA-B27 em 90% dos casos. A incidência de envolvimento cardiovascular em casos de espondilite anquilosante varia entre 10%-30%; foram descritos distúrbios de condução em 1%-9% dos pacientes com a doença. A maior parte do grupo acometido demonstra uma relação com doença de longa data. Este é o primeiro relato de bloqueio cardíaco completo em espondilite anquilosante precoce de nosso conhecimento.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic disease of young men that affects mainly the axial skeleton and is associated with HLA-B27 in 90% of the cases. Incidence of cardiovascular involvement in AS ranges between 10%-30%; conduction disturbances have been described in 1%-9% of the patients with AS. The majority of the series show a relationship with longstanding disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of complete heart block in early AS.

Los osteomas faciales son una de las manifestaciones extracolónicas del síndrome de Gardner que pueden preceder la aparición de los pólipos intestinales. La ubicación más frecuente es en la región mandibular, aunque pueden afectar otros huesos de la cara. Pese a ser lesiones benignas pueden crecer de manera exagerada y requerir tratamiento quirúrgico. Se describe el caso de una mujer de 16 años que presentó osteomas múltiples en la cara.

The facial osteomas are one of the extracolonic manifestations of Gardner syndrome that may precede the appearance of intestinal polyps. The most common location is in the mandibular region but may affect other bones of the face. Despite being benign lesions can grow in an exaggerated manner and require surgical treatment. We describe a woman of 16 who presented a multiple osteomas of the face.

La vasculopatía livedoide es una entidad rara y crónica que afecta predominantemente los miembros inferiores. La etiología de la enfermedad es desconocida, pero en la histopatología se observa trombosis en la dermis sin compromiso inflamatorio de la pared del vaso. Se manifiesta por lesiones petequiales y por ulceraciones que sanan con cicatrices hiperpigmentadas alternando con áreas blanquecinas. Se han empleado múltiples tratamientos hasta el momento, sin total éxito.

Livedoid vasculopathy is a rare, chronic disease that affects predominantly the lower limbs. The etiology of the disease is unknown, but histopathology shows thrombosis in the dermis without inflammatory changes in the vessel wall. It is manifested by petechial lesions and ulcerations that heal with scarring hyperpigmentation alternating with white areas. Multiple treatments have been used so far, without total success.

Las fracturas por estrés (FPE) pueden ocurrir en pacientes con hueso normal o metabólicamente débil. Habitualmente se presentan en personas deportistas o en aquellas que recientemente han cambiado la duración e intensidad del ejercicio. La síntomatología clínica a menudo se confunde con otras condiciones musculo-esqueléticas, por lo tanto la imaginología juega un papel crucial en el diagnóstico de esta patología. Se describe a continuación el caso de una mujer de 21 años, no deportista, que luego de un esfuerzo mínimo presentó una monoartritis de rodilla derecha de tipo hemorrágica, quien mediante una RNM se confirmó una FPE del platillo tibial.

Stress fractures may occur in patients with normal bone or metabolically weak. They usually present associated with sports or those who have recently changed the duration and intensity of exercise. The clinical symptoms are often mistaken with other musculoskeletal conditions, thus imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of this condition. We describe the case of a woman of 21 years old, non-athlete who after a minimal effort presented a right knee monoarthritis hemorrhagic type, the MRI findings confirmed a stress fracture of the tibial plateau.

La calcinosis tumoral o síndrome de Teutschlander es una condición benigna y rara caracterizada por la presencia de masas calcificadas de ubicación periarticular en la cadera, hombro, codo y menor frecuencia en pies, tobillos y rodillas. Se cree que hay una alteración genética en el GALNT3 y FGF23 que regulan la absorción renal de fosfato. Usualmente esta lesión es asintomática y rara vez puede dar síntomas producto de compresión de estructuras vecinas. La imaginología permite habitualmente realizar el diagnóstico. Hasta el momento no hay tratamiento médico exitoso y se sigue recomendando la escisión quirúrgica aunque hay recurrencias (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 185-186).

Tumoral calcinosis or Teutschlander syndrome is a rare and benign condition characterized by the presence of calcified masses around the hip, elbow, and less frequently feet, ankles and knees. It is believed that there is a genetic alteration in GALNT3 and FGF23 which regulate the renal absorption of phosphate. Usually it is an asymptomatic lesion and occasionally it produces symptoms of compression to peripheral tissues. Imaging permits the diagnosis. There is no successful medical treatment and surgical excision is recommended although recurrences are frequent (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 185-186).

La sinovitis villonodular pigmentaria es una neoplasia benigna con proliferación sinovial y depósito de hemosiderina. Se presenta usualmente entre la tercera y cuarta década de la vida. Típicamente es monoarticular y puede afectar cualquier articulación, pero más frecuentemente compromete las grandes articulaciones de la extremidad inferior. El tratamiento se basa en la erradicación del tumor mediante cirugía o radioterapia.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign neoplasm with synovial proliferation and hemosiderin deposition. It occurs usually between 3th and 4th decades of life. Typically, it is monoarticular and can affect any joint but most commonly involves the large joints of the lower extremity. Treatment is based on the eradication of the tumor by surgery or radiotherapy.