ABSTRACT: Chilean purebred horses are widely used in Chile for rodeo and farm work. Despite the importance of the breed, systematic studies characterising their andrological variables are lacking, making stallion evaluation and selection difficult. This study aimed to determine whether age and seasonality affect seminal, spermatic, gonadal and endocrine variables of 15 Chilean purebred stallions. The animals were studied over a year and were separated into a young group (n=6) (5 to 12 years) and an aged group (n=9) (13 to 25 years). The variables evaluated were: total seminal volume (mL), free gel seminal volume (mL), sperm concentration (106 x spermatozoa/mL using Spermacue refractometer TM), sperm progressive motility (conventional microscopy (%)), sperm vitality (Eosine-Nigrosine stain (%)) and sperm morphology (Hematoxylin Eosin stain (%)), testicle volume (cm3) (ultrasound Weld 3000V, 5MHz), plasmatic testosterone (ng/mL) and estrogen (pg/mL) concentration determined by radioimmunoassay. To determine the statistical difference and correlation between variables, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were used, respectively (P<0.05). Most of the andrological variables were affected by age and season and although not significant, the values obtained were higher in young stallions during summer. Progressive motility (70 ± 12.1 %), sperm normal morphology (90 ± 1.7 %) and plasmatic estrogen (6.49 ±1.8 pg/mL) reached statistical significance to plasmatic testosterone (0.3 ± 0.08 ng/mL) (P=0.01), sperm concentration (253 ± 59.5 x 106 sperm/mL) (P=0.03) and testicular volume (463.4 ± 90 cm3) (P=0.002) variables. Despite the results, we suggest that all these variables should be considered during stallion selection since andrological variables were neither correlated with testosterone nor the oestrogen plasmatic concentration. The results provide parameters that should be considered during the evaluation and selection of Chilean purebred stallions to avoid the extrapolation of data from other breeds.

Abstract Background: Omalizumab is effective in the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma that is not controlled with long-acting beta-agonists/ high-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Objective: To conduct a systematic exploratory review and meta-analysis of studies with omalizumab in Latin America. Methods: A search of real-life studies on the effectiveness of omalizumab in asthma control conducted in Latin America was carried out. The average of the aggregate effectiveness of omalizumab in asthma control (Pooled Analysis) was estimated by using a random effects model. Results: Nine open uncontrolled observational studies were identified; these studies included a total of 1 118 patients with severe uncontrolled asthma. The average of the estimated aggregate effectiveness of omalizumab in the good control of severe asthma was of 80.6 % in children and 78.9 % in adults. Conclusions: The average of the estimated aggregate effectiveness of omalizumab in the control of severe asthma in both children and adults in Latin America was over 78 %. Randomized controlled studies are required in order to establish the efficacy and effectiveness of omalizumab in the control of severe asthma and in the different subgroups by level of eosinophils.

Resumen Antecedentes: El omalizumab es eficaz en el tratamiento del asma alérgica persistente grave no controlada con el tratamiento con betaagonistas de acción prolongada/corticoides inhalados en dosis alta. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática exploratoria y metaanálisis de estudios con omalizumab en Latinoamérica. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios de vida de real realizados en Latinoamérica sobre la efectividad de omalizumab en el control del asma. Se estimó la media de la efectividad agregada del omalizumab en el control del asma, utilizando un modelo de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: Se identificaron nueve estudios observacionales abiertos no controlados, que incluyeron 1118 pacientes con asma grave no controlada. La media de la efectividad agregada estimada del omalizumab en el buen control de asma grave fue de 80.6 %, en los niños fue de 83.4 % y en los adultos de 78.9 %. Conclusiones: La media de la efectividad agregada estimada de omalizumab en el control del asma alérgica grave fue superior a 78 %. Se requieren estudios controlados aleatorizados para establecer la eficacia y efectividad del fármaco en el control de asma grave y en los diferentes subgrupos por nivel de eosinófilos.

RESUMEN Introducción. Las infecciones en las unidades de terapia intensiva es uno de los principales problemas para el sistema de salud por su alta tasa de morbi-mortalidad. El lavado de manos es una de las intervenciones de salud pública más eficaces, económicas y accesible para prevenir las enfermedades y proteger la salud de los pacientes. Sin embargo, el cumplimiento por parte de los trabajadores de la salud está lejos de ser lo ideal. Objetivo. Determinar el grado de conocimiento sobre lavado de manos del personal de salud de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Adultos (UCIA) del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Metodología. Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, que incluyó personal de salud de UCIA del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá en el período marzo - octubre del año 2018.Resultados.El 100% del personal de salud conocía la importancia del lavado de manos, sin embargo, el 83% desconocía los cinco momentos establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el 69% consideró que la falta de interés del personal de salud es la principal causa.Conclusiones. Un alto porcentaje de encuestados informaron conocer la importancia y cumplimiento del lavado de manos sin embargo no tiene en cuenta las normativas establecidas por la OMS.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Infections in intensive care units is one of the main problems for the health system due to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Handwashing is one of the most effective, economical and accessible public health interventions to prevent disease and protect patient´s health. However, compliance by health workers is far from ideal.Objective. to determine degree of knowledge on handwashing of health personnel of the Adult Intensive Care Unit (UCIA) of the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Methodology. Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study, which included health personnel from the UCIA of the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá in the period March - October of 2018. Results.100% of the health personnel knew the importance of handwashing. However, 83% was unaware of the five moments established by World Health Organization (WHO), 69% considered that the lack of interest of the health personnel is the maincause.Conclusions. A high percentage of respondents informed that they are aware of the importance and compliance of hand washing but they do not take into account the WHOnormative.

Music is a powerful stimulus to our brain and not only an excellent source of enjoyment, learning or relaxing. During the last 20 years there is new considerable evidence of the extensive neural circuits involved in music processing and the morphologic, neurochemical and electrophysiological changes that music can induce. Our population is aging and there will be an increase in the prevalence for neurodegenerative conditions like dementias that still have no cure. There is consequently an urgent need to develop treatments and activities that may alleviate the symptoms of dementia. Accumulating evidence shows that persons with dementia enjoy music, and their ability to respond to music is potentially preserved even in the late or severe stages of dementia when verbal communication may have ceased. Even though the diverse studies reporting benefits of music therapy in conditions such as Dementia, Parkinson, Epilepsy, Cancer, etc. have important methodologic flaws, Music can have a role as a therapeutic tool in these conditions. Herein, we analyze the current evidence that may support the use of Music in different conditions in Medicine.

Resumen La música no es sólo una fuente de entretención y conocimiento, sino que puede convertirse en una herramienta terapéutica complementaria, ante una serie de condiciones médicas en las cuales hay claras limitaciones en la terapia actual. En las últimas dos décadas hay mayor conocimiento de las redes neurales involucradas en el procesamiento musical y de los cambios humorales, electrofisiológicos e incluso estructurales, que la música puede inducir en nuestro cerebro. Si bien aún existe poca evidencia sobre la eficacia de la música como terapia complementaria en trastornos como: Demencias, Parkinson, epilepsias, cáncer, entre otros, hay información promisoria que revisaremos en este artículo. Implementar Musicoterapia en la atención de Salud surge como una alternativa de bajo costo e inocua, que puede mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Vitamin A and its esters are commonly found in topical applications because of their advantageous properties, however, have the drawback that are highly sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a novel formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles suitable for topical applications in order to protect vitamin A from degradation. Vitamin A-loaded nanoparticles were successfully prepared by hot homogenization employing Gelucire 44/14® and cetyl alcohol as carrier materials, showing an entrapment efficiency of more than 90%. Particle size, measured by dynamic light scattering, was ca. 40 nm, while transmission electron microscopy images showed that dried nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of about 30-50 nm. Small angle X-ray scattering was used to study their aspect ratio and their physicochemical properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, additionally, stability of vitamin A was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

The container terminal is a convergence point in the cargo flow, being a focal point for multiple supply chains. The operations performed in a container terminal involve one of the most complex environments within the transport industry. A container terminal plays a critical role in international shipping and is under pressure to cope with increasing container traffic. This paper presents a multiagent model to solve the event management problem; this problem has a number of features which makes the agent a suitable technology to consider applying. The model presented is the basis for developing a tool for the event management process in order to contribute to the reduction of logistics cost and to enhance the competitiveness of the container terminal.

La terminal de contenedores es un punto de convergencia en la circulación de la carga, siendo un nodo neurálgico al participar en múltiples cadenas de suministro. Las operaciones realizadas en una terminal de contenedores involucran a uno de los más complejos ambientes en la industria de transporte. Además las terminales de contendores juegan un rol crítico en el comercio internacional y se encuentran bajo presión por el incremento en el tráfico de los contendores. Este trabajo presenta una propuesta basada en un modelo multiagente para resolver el problema de la gestión de eventos en una terminal de contenedores; este problema presenta ciertas características que hacen a los agentes una tecnología a aplicar. El modelo presentado es la base para el desarrollo de una herramienta que de soporte al proceso de la gestión de eventos, contribuyendo a la reducción de los costos logísticos y a un incremento de la competitividad de la terminal de contenedores.

In this article we address a districting problem faced by a pickup and delivery parcel company over a determined service region. The service region is divided into districts, each served by a single vehicle that departs from a central depot. Two objectives are optimized: compactness and balance of the workload content among the districts. We present a mathematical formulation of the problem and a heuristic algorithm to solve the problem. Numerical results are presented in comparison to CPLEX 11.1 solutions for the smaller size instances. The results show that the heuristic performs well. The algorithm is able to solve moderate size instances in reasonable computational time, given the strategic nature of the problem.

En este artículo abordamos un problema de sectorización para actividades logísticas que enfrenta una empresa de entrega y recolección de paquetería en una determinada región. La región a la que se da servicio es dividida en distritos, cada uno atendido por un solo vehículo que sale de un depósito central. Se busca optimizar dos objetivos: compacidad y balance de la carga de trabajo. Presentamos la formulación matemática del problema y un algoritmo heurístico para resolverlo. Se presentan resultados numéricos en comparación con las soluciones encontradas por CPLEX 11.1 para las instancias de menor tamaño. Los resultados muestran un buen desempeño del algoritmo heurístico, el cual es capaz de resolver instancias de tamaño moderado en tiempos razonables, dada la naturaleza estratégica del problema.

This paper deals with the social representation of the crisis of the patterns of shared meanings and also of the historical elements legitimized through social practices and relationships in Maria Elena, a nitrate city in decline (Northern Chile). The focus of discussion is the transformation of working conditions and the link with the workers and families, and material ruin, since it is expressed through the questioning of the future as a vital project. This is inserted into the transformation of a town in a mining camp, where begins to install the notion of heritage. Emptied the city of the old skills, family life, sociability and disuse of buildings of greater significance, it only begins to become a thematic park.

Este trabajo trata sobre la representación social de la crisis de los patrones estructurales y de los significados compartidos, así como de los elementos históricamente legitimados a través de las prácticas y relaciones sociales en María Elena, una ciudad salitrera en declinación situada en la II región de Chile. Se discute la transformación de las condiciones de trabajo y el vínculo con los trabajadores y familias, y la ruina material, ya que a través de ella se expresa el cuestionamiento del futuro como proyecto vital. Todo ello se inserta en la transformación de una ciudad a campamento minero, en el que se comienza a instalar la noción de patrimonio. Vaciada la ciudad de los viejos conocimientos, de la vida familiar, la sociabilidad y el desuso de los inmuebles de mayor significación, ésta comienza a transformarse únicamente en un parque temático.