Abstract This article presents experimental results of eight non-aligned, non-geometrically symmetrical deep beams with notches and openings. The variables considered in the study were the presence of web reinforcement, and the geometry of the deep beams. Along with the experimental investigation, a study of strut-and-tie models (STM) representing the behavior (failure mode and maximum load) of reinforced concrete deep beams with complex geometries was performed. The experimental results showed that the ultimate load capacity of deep beams is significantly affected by the presence of reinforcement in the web. Furthermore, the study showed that the STM is conservative and tends to underestimate the results, reducing its ability to predict failure load. nonaligned, nonaligned non aligned, aligned non-aligned nongeometrically geometrically openings investigation strutandtie strut tie (STM performed Furthermore

Resumo Esse trabalho apresenta resultados experimentais de oito vigas-parede com entalhes e furos, não alinhados e não simétricos geometricamente. As variáveis consideradas no estudo foram a presença de armadura na alma ou não, e a geometria das vigas-parede. Junto com a investigação experimental, foi realizado um estudo de modelos de bielas e tirantes (MBT) que representassem o comportamento (modo de falha e carga máxima) das vigas-parede de concreto armado com geometrias complexas. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que a capacidade de carga última das vigas-parede é afetada significativamente pela existência de armadura na alma. Além disso, o estudo mostrou que o MBT é conservador, e tende a subestimar os resultados, reduzindo a sua capacidade de predição de carga de falha. vigasparede vigas parede furos geometricamente vigasparede. parede. experimental (MBT modo máxima complexas disso conservador

Mycobacterium kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most commonly encountered species in individuals with lung disease. We here report the complete genome sequence of 12 clinical isolates of M. kansasii from patients with pulmonary disease in Brazil.

RESUMO Este estudo problematiza o entendimento de qualidade na educação/educação física escolar a partir da interlocução com pesquisadores ligados a universidades públicas em países da América Latina. Para tanto, foram realizadas incursões pela literatura acerca do tema, bem como coleta de dados via questionário online, respondido por sete pesquisadores de Instituições de Ensino Superior na Argentina, no Chile e na Colômbia diretamente ligados a questões da formação para a docência. Concluiu-se que os discursos dos interlocutores latino-americanos aproximam-se quanto ao entendimento de uma qualidade na educação/educação física escolar que não fragmente o sujeito em sua relação com o mundo, mas que o valorize em sua diversidade, corporalidade e autonomia, distanciando-se de abordagens mercadológicas que trazem a qualidade na forma de testes, competição e supremacia de uns em relação aos outros.

ABSTRACT This study problematizes the understanding of quality of education/physical education in schools from the interlocution with public university researchers in Latin American countries. In order to achieve this goal, the authors made theoretical incursions into the literature and collected data through an online questionnaire, answered by seven researchers from Higher Education Institutions in Argentina, Chile and Colombia, whose work is connected to issues on the formation of teachers. It was concluded that the discourses of the Latin American interlocutors are approaching an understanding of quality in education/physical education in schools that does not fragment the subject in its relation with the world, but that values it in its diversity, corporality and autonomy, distancing themselves from market approaches that assess quality in the form of tests, competition and supremacy of one another.

Resumo O estudo objetivou identificar a presença da desmotivação na educação física escolar, por meio da teoria da autodeterminação, com vistas à compreensão de possibilidades de intervenção. Aplicamos o questionário de Goudas, Biddle e Fox (1994) para 371 alunos de educação física do ensino médio. Na análise dos dados usamos o teste de Mann-Whitney e o alpha de Conbrach. Os resultados indicaram baixa prevalência de desmotivação (7,3%); evidenciaram que para esse contexto de estudo a motivação prevaleceu e contrariaram achados anteriores. A pesquisa aponta algumas estratégias que podem auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Abstract The study aimed to identify the presence of demotivation in physical education, through the self-determination theory, with a view to understanding possibilities of intervention. We apply the questionnaire elaborate by Goudas, Biddle e Fox (1994) to 371 students in high school physical education. In the data analysis we used the Mann-Whitney test and alpha Conbrach. The results showed a low prevalence of unmotivated (7,3%); showing that the context for this study motivation prevailed, contradicting previous findings. The research identifies some strategies that may help in the teaching-learning process.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la presencia de la desmotivación en la educación física a través de la teoría de la autodeterminación con miras a la comprensión de las posibilidades de intervención. Aplicamos el cuestionario Goudas, Biddle y Fox (1994) a 371 estudiantes de educación física de enseñanza media. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney y alfa Conbrach. Los resultados mostraron una baja prevalencia de la desmotivación (7,3%), lo que mostró que en este contexto de estudio la motivación prevaleció, contrariamente a las conclusiones anteriores. El estudio identifica algunas estrategias que pueden ayudar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

RACIONAL: A dilatação cística da via biliar é uma patologia rara e de origem incerta. É diagnosticada mais frequentemente em crianças, porém sua incidência vem aumentando em adultos, representando 20% dos casos. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a experiência dos autores no tratamento cirúrgico, e no manejo da evolução, dos pacientes com dilatação cística das vias biliares. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, cinco adultos que tiveram o diagnóstico de cisto de colédoco e que foram submetidos a algum procedimento cirúrgico no Hospital da Restauração, PE, entre março de 2003 e junho de 2004. RESULTADOS: Dor abdominal foi a queixa comum a todos os pacientes. Icterícia esteve presente em 80% dos casos. A ultrassonografia foi realizada em todos os casos como exame inicial. Tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e colangiopancreatografia retrógada endoscópica também foram realizadas em alguns pacientes, porém o diagnóstico foi estabelecido no intra-operatório em todos os casos. O tratamento cirúrgico variou de acordo com a experiência do cirurgião e o quadro clínico do paciente. A ressecção do cisto com reconstrução da via biliar foi realizada em 60%, a cistoduodenostomia em 20% e a drenagem da via biliar em 20% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: A dilatação cística da via biliar é doença rara, principalmente em nosso meio. Porém, sua incidência vem aumentando na população adulta, devendo estar sempre presente no diagnóstico diferencial das icterícias obstrutivas.

BACKGROUND: The cystic dilatation of the biliary tract is a rare disease and uncertain origin. It is recognized more frequently in children; however, its incidence comes increasing in adults, representing 20% of the cases. AIM: To evaluate morbimortality rates, evolution and handing of patients with cystic dilatation bile ducts in adults. METHODS: Were evaluated, retrospectively, five adults who had the diagnosis of choledochal cyst and that had been submitted to some surgical procedure. RESULTS: Abdominal pain was the commonest complain to all patients. Jaundice was present in 80%. Ultrasound scanning was done in all the cases as initial examination. CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were also done in some patients; however, the diagnosis was established intra-operatively in all cases. The cyst resection with reconstruction of the biliary tract was done in 60%; the cystojejunostomy in 20%; and in 20% biliary tract drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Biliary tract cystic dilatation is a rare disease. However, its incidence is increasing in the adult population, so, it must be thought as differential diagnosis when facing obstructive jaundice.

Cepas aisladas de Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát causando pudrición blanca en especies arbóreas de amate amarillo (Ficus petiolaris), cirián o cuatecomate (Crescentia alata), guayaba (Psidium guajava) y sauce colorado (Salix humboltiana) en los municipios de Ayala, Cuautla, Cuernavaca, Jojutla, Tepalcingo, Tlaltizapán, Tlaquiltenango y Zacatepec de Hidalgo en el estado de Morelos, México se desarrollaron en medio de cultivo agua-agar enriquecido con 2,4-D amina en concentraciones de 0, 50, 100, 150, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 y 5000 ppm, con el objetivo de conocer su desarrollo en esta sal. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en un intervalo de 50 a 1000 ppm con un óptimo de 500 a 1000 ppm.L, las concentraciones de 2000 a 5000 ppm inhiben el desarrollo del hongo. Se confirma que las cepas aisladas de T. versicolor pueden emplearse como herramienta potencial de biorremediación de aguas contaminadas por ácido 2,4-D que es empleado como herbicida para el control de malezas de hoja ancha en cultivos de maíz, arroz, caña de azúcar y sorgo en la región de estudio.

Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr) Pilát was identified causing white rot of hardwood tree species of amate amarillo (Ficus petiolaris), cuatecomate or cirián (Crescentia alata), guayava (Psidium guajava) and sauce colorado (Salix humboltiana) in municipalities of Ayala, Cuautla, Cuernavaca, Jojutla Tepalcingo Tlaltizapan, Tlaquiltenango and Zacatepec de Hidalgo in the state of Morelos, Mexico. Collected strains were grown in water-agar culture medium with 2,4-D amine at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm with the aim of know their growth in this salt. The best results were found from 50 to 1000 ppm concentration with an optimum from 500 to 1000 ppm. Concentrations from 2000 to 5000 ppm inhibited fungal growth. The strains of T. versicolor can be used as a potential tool of bioremediation of water contaminated by 2,4-D which is wide used as a herbicide to control of broadleaf weeds in corn, rice, sugarcane and sorghum in the studied region.

RACIONAL: O fígado é o órgão intra-abdominal mais comumente lesado em pacientes vítimas de trauma. A lesão ocorre mais frequentemente no trauma penetrante do que no contuso. A mortalidade é de 10%. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a morbimortalidade dos pacientes com trauma hepático, o manuseio aplicado a esses pacientes e sua evolução. MÉTODO: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de todos os pacientes com trauma hepático e indicação cirúrgica, admitidos na emergência. Consideraram-se: sexo, faixa etária, ISS (injury severity score), classificação do tipo de trauma abdominal (aberto ou fechado), instrumento causador dos traumas abertos, grau da lesão, segmentos hepáticos envolvidos, presença de lesões associadas, tipo de tratamento cirúrgico realizado: laparotomia não-terapêutica e laparotomia terapêutica, reoperações, complicações, tempo de internamento em dias e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Cento e trinta e sete pacientes participaram do estudo. Destes, 124 eram do sexo masculino (90,5%). Quanto à faixa etária, a maioria (56,2%) encontrava-se entre 20-29 anos. O trauma abdominal fechado foi o mais comum (67,9%). Dos penetrantes, os originados por arma de fogo foram em maior número (24,8%). Cento e três pacientes apresentaram apenas um segmento lesado (75,2%) e 34 (24,8%) dois. As lesões de grau II foram as mais comuns (66,4%). Dos 137 pacientes submetidos à laparotomia, 89 foram não-terapêutica, enquanto que em 48 foi necessário reparos das lesões associadas. O baço e o diafragma foram as estruturas lesadas com maior frequência, 30% e 26%, respectivamente. O ISS variou de oito a 72, sendo o ISS > 50 (oito pacientes) associado com evolução fatal (cinco pacientes). Fístula biliar e abscesso hepático foram as principais complicações. Ocorreram sete óbitos no estudo. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com trauma hepático e lesões orgânicas concomitantes e naqueles com ISS > 50 observou-se maior chance de complicações e óbito.

BACKGROUND: The liver is the intra-abdominal organ more injured in patient victims of trauma. The injury occurs more frequently in the penetrating trauma. The incidence of mortality for injuries of the liver is 10%. AIM: To evaluate the mortality of the patients with hepatic trauma, the treatment applied and its evolution. METHODS: Were analyzed, retrospectively, the charts of all patients with hepatic trauma and surgical indication. Were analyzed: gender, age, ISS (injury severity score), classification of the abdominal trauma type (open or closed), causing instrument of the open traumas, degree of the injury, hepatic segments involved, presence of associated injuries, type of surgical treatment: not-therapeutic laparotomy and therapeutic laparotomy, reoperations, complications, time of hospitalization in days and mortality. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-seven patients participated. Of these, 124 were men (90.5%). The majority (56.2%) had 20-29 years old. Closed abdominal trauma was most prevalent (67.9%). Of the penetrating traumas, the originated with firearms were in 24.8%. One hundred and three patients had only one injured hepatic segment (75.2%) and 34 (24.8%) two. Grade II injuries were in 66.4%. Of the 137 patients with laparotomy, 89 had been not-therapeutic, while in 48 it was necessary to repair associated injuries. Spleen and diaphragm had been the more frequently injured structures, 30% and 26%, respectively. The ISS varied of eight to 72, being the ISS > 50 (eight patients) associate with fatal evolution (five patients). Biliary fistula and hepatic abscess had been the main complications. Seven deaths had occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant injuries, hepatic and other organs, associated with ISS > 50 presented higher possibility of complications and death.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study and the analysis of indicators for effectiveness were conducted in Pinar del Rio municipality during the periods of 2003-2005 and 2006-2008. Fifty (50) families attending to genetic services for several reasons were chosen by a non-probabilistic sampling. An interview that comprised a series of tools to evaluate the behavior of the variables associated with the effectiveness of genetic counselling was carried out considering, elective abortion as well as opinions about genetic center services, among others. This study showed a high percentage in qualifying the level of knowledge as good, which assessed the effectiveness of genetic counselling, a great proportion justified abortion expressing social or ethical motivations, they as well considered prenatal studies for couples with risks of having children suffering from genetic diseases, as a priority.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, y el análisis de los indicadores del programa de genética del municipio Pinar del Río, en los períodos comprendidos entre los años 2003-2005 y 2006-2008. Se seleccionó mediante un muestreo no probabilístico, 50 familias que fueron atendidas en los servicios de genética por diversos motivos. Se les aplicó mediante una entrevista una serie de instrumentos para evaluar el comportamiento de las variables relacionadas con la efectividad del asesoramiento genético, el aborto selectivo, y la opinión sobre las funciones de los servicios de genética, entre otras. El trabajo recogió un alto porcentaje en la calificación de bueno en el nivel de conocimientos, que miden la efectividad de la asesoría genética, un gran porciento justifica el aborto por motivaciones sociales o éticas, y resultó considerado como muy prioritario, el ofrecer estudios prenatales a las parejas con riesgos de tener hijos con enfermedades genéticas.

A pesar de la eficacia comprobada acerca del uso de warfarina como terapia anticoagulante, las múltiples interacciones, el estrecho margen terapéutico y la necesidad de monitorización seriada han planteado el escenario para el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos como dabigatran, rivaroxaban y apixaban que ofrecen nuevas alternativas para el tratamiento del paciente anticoagulado. El conocimiento de las características farmacológicas y farmacocinéticas así como el contexto específico en el cual pueden usarse se convierten en una necesidad para los médicos que se enfrentan a este tipo de pacientes.

Despite the proven efficacy on the use of warfarin as anticoagulant therapy, the multiple interactions, narrow therapeutic index and the need for serial monitoring have raised the need for the development of new drugs such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, that offer new alternatives for treating the anticoagulated patient. Knowledge of the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic characteristics and the specific context in which they can be used become a necessity for physicians faced with these patients.

High mortality rate associated with massive pulmonary embolism requires an aggressive invasive approach including surgical pulmonary embolectomy when thrombolytic therapy has failed or is contraindicated. We describe a case of high-risk massive pulmonary embolism who underwent surgical treatment due to the presence of a mobile intracardiac clot in a patent foramen ovale, and the possible risk of paradoxical arterial embolism.

La alta mortalidad de los pacientes con tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo de alto riesgo amerita un enfoque terapéutico enérgico e invasivo que incluya la embolectomía pulmonar quirúrgica en aquellos pacientes con contraindicación para trombolisis o trombolisis fallida. Describimos un caso de tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo de alto riesgo que recibió tratamiento quirúrgico en vez de trombolisis debido a que al momento del diagnóstico presentaba un trombo móvil a través de un foramen oval permeable con altísima posibilidad de embolismo paradójico arterial.

Isoniazid (INH), one of the most important drugs used in antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment, is also the major drug involved in hepatotoxicity. Differences in INH-induced toxicity have been attributed to genetic variability at several loci, such as NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1, that code for drug-metabolising enzymes. Our goal was to examine the polymorphisms in these enzymes as susceptibility factors to anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis in Brazilian individuals. In a case-control design, 167 unrelated active tuberculosis patients from the University Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were enrolled in this study. Patients with a history of anti-TB drug-induced acute hepatitis (cases with an increase to 3 times the upper limit of normal serum transaminases and symptoms of hepatitis) and patients with no evidence of anti-TB hepatic side effects (controls) were genotyped for NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Slow acetylators had a higher incidence of hepatitis than intermediate/rapid acetylators [22% (18/82) vs. 9.8% (6/61), odds ratio (OR), 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-7.68, p = 0.04). Logistic regression showed that slow acetylation status was the only independent risk factor (OR 3.59, 95% CI, 2.53-4.64, p = 0.02) for the occurrence of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis during anti-TB treatment with INH-containing schemes in Brazilian individuals.

Since the 1970s, There have been studies of the venom of Latrodectus sp. spiders, in particular the latrotoxin (LTX) of Latrodectus mactans. Many of the studies were aimed at understanding the action of the venom on the muscular system. Now accepted that LTX is able to generate a calcium-permeable membrane pore and modulate the release of synaptic vesicles that activate a receptor and induce cellular changes. Interestingly, when work began with venom obtained from the Latrodectus sp present in Chile, it generated clinical indications similar to the bite of this spider in another country, with some differences in intensity. The purpose of the first studies was to understand the systemic mechanisms of this venom, and other active compounds were studied for biological interest. It was found that these molecules are capable of causing systemic effects such as changes in muscle contraction; of generating vascular relaxation and synaptic and cellular modulation; and of altering potassium conductance channels. Based on this evidence, we suggested biotechnological applications to characterize low molecular-weight compounds obtained from the Chilean Latrodectus venom and exploring the effects on the electrophysiology in oocytes and neurons, and the contraceptive effect on spermatozoa.

Desde los años 70`, se han realizado estudios con el veneno de arañas Latrodectus sp, en particular la latrotoxina (LTX) de Latrodectus mactans. Muchos de estos estudios estuvieron enfocados a entender la acción del veneno sobre el sistema muscular. Hoy en día es aceptado que la LTX es capaz de generar un poro de membrana permeable a calcio y modular la liberación de vesículas sinápticas que activan un receptor e inducen cambios celulares. Interesantemente, cuando comenzamos a trabajar con el veneno obtenido de Latrodectus sp. presente en Chile, ésto generó indicaciones clínicas similares a la picadura de esta araña en otros países, con algunas diferencias en su intensidad. El propósito de estos primeros estudios fue entender los mecanismos sistémicos de este veneno y además otros compuestos activos fueron estudiados para interés biológico. Se ha encontrado que estas moléculas son capaces de causar efectos sistémicos así como cambios en la contracción muscular; generar relajación vascular y modulación sináptica y celular; y de alterar los canales de conductancia de potasio. Basados en estas evidencias, nosotros sugerimos usar aplicaciones biotecnológicas para caracterizar los compuestos de bajo peso molecular obtenidos del veneno de Latrodectus Chilena y explorar los efectos sobre la electrofisiología en ovocitos y neuronas, y el efecto anticonceptivo sobre los espermatozoides.