Resumo Este artigo aborda a questão da habitação e dos aglomerados subnormais no contexto de municípios selecionados da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e verifica a viabilidade de cumprimento da meta 11.1 dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS) em escala regional. São utilizados como fontes de dados, estudos recentes encomendados e divulgados pelo Governo Federal Brasileiro e dados do Censo. Na realidade estudada, o município de Belford Roxo, com índices alarmantes de comunidades e domicílios em contexto de aglomerados subnormais, apresenta tendência de deterioração da situação da habitação. Japeri e Queimados, pelas taxas de crescimento demográfico das últimas décadas, também merecem ser monitorados. Enquanto Nova Iguaçu, Mesquita e Nilópolis, com percentuais menores de suas populações vivendo em aglomerados subnormais, apresentam condições propícias para o alcançar a meta 11.1 dos ODS até 2030.

Abstract This article addresses the issue of housing and subnormal agglomerations in selected municipalities within the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and verifies the feasibility of achieving target 11.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on a regional scale. Recent studies commissioned and released by the Brazilian Federal Government and Census data are used as data sources. In the reality studied, the municipality of Belford Roxo, with alarming rates of communities and households in the context of subnormal agglomerations, shows a tendency to deteriorate the housing situation. Japeri and Queimados, due to the demographic growth rates of recent decades. Conversely, Nova Iguaçu, Mesquita, and Nilópolis, with smaller proportions of their populations living in subnormal agglomerations, present a favorable condition for achieving target 11.1 of the SDGs by 2030.

Resumen Este artículo aborda el tema de la vivienda y de las aglomeraciones subnormales en el contexto de municipios seleccionados de la Región Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro - Brasil, y verifica la viabilidad de alcanzar la meta 11.1 de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) a escala regional. Los estudios recientes encargados y publicados por el gobierno federal brasileño y los datos del censo se utilizan como fuentes de datos. En la realidad estudiada, el municipio de Belford Roxo, con índices alarmantes de comunidades y viviendas en el contexto de aglomeraciones subnormales, muestra una tendencia al deterioro de la situación habitacional. Japeri y Queimados, debido a las tasas de crecimiento demográfico de las últimas décadas, también merecen ser monitoreadas, mientras que Nova Iguaçu, Mesquita y Nilópolis, con porciones más pequeñas de sus poblaciones viviendo en aglomeraciones subnormales, presentan una condición favorable para alcanzar la meta 11.1 de los ODS para 2030.

ABSTRACT Background: The subfamily Triatominae, which comprises 157 species, carries the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This short communication reports for the first time the occurrence of Rhodnius montenegrensis in Bolivia. Methods: Active searches were carried out on palm trees of the genus Oenocarpus in Beni district, Bolivia. Results: Fifteen R. montenegrensis specimens were collected from a rural area of the Beni district, Bolivia, and tested positive for T. cruzi. Conclusions: This new report expands the geographic distribution of the species in Latin America. Due to their ability to transmit trypanosomatids, the species deserves the attention of vector control programs.

Resumo A pandemia da “novel coronavirus disease” 2019 (COVID-19), infecção causada pelo coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), tem descortinado uma realidade até então oculta: a vulnerabilidade da população residente em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI). Diversas publicações científicas têm revelado a concentração de até 60% dos óbitos atribuídos à COVID-19 em tais instituições. A maioria dos residentes em ILPI reúnem os principais fatores de risco para morbimortalidade pela COVID-19, o que torna imprescindível a definição de ações voltadas à prevenção da transmissibilidade do SARS-CoV-2 neste ambiente, além das medidas usuais de distanciamento social e isolamento dos portadores da doença. Propõem-se, no presente artigo, estratégias de rastreamento da infecção em residentes e trabalhadores de ILPI por meio de testes laboratoriais disponíveis no Brasil. A identificação precoce de indivíduos portadores do SARS-CoV-2 com possibilidades de transmissão ativa e continuada do vírus permite a adoção de medidas que interrompam o ciclo de transmissão local da infecção.

Abstract An infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled a hitherto hidden reality: the vulnerability of the population living in long-term care facilities for the elderly (LTCF). To date, several scientific publications have revealed a concentration of up to 60% of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in such institutions. Most LTFC residents share the primary risk factors currently associated with increased morbimortality due to the COVID-19 infection. It is crucial to define actions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread in this environment, besides the usual measures of social distancing and isolation of the carriers of this disease. This paper proposes strategies for the investigation of this infection in LTCF residents and workers using laboratory tests available in Brazil. The early identification of individuals with SARS-CoV-2, who may actively and continuously spread the virus, allows adopting measures aimed at interrupting the local transmission cycle of this infection.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Triatomines are hematophagous insects of epidemiological importance because they are vectors of Chagas disease. We present here the first report of Rhodnius montenegrensis in Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Triatomines were collected from Attalea butyracea palm trees in the municipality of Guajará. RESULTS: Two adult female R. montenegrensis specimens were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that the number of triatomine species within the Amazon has increased from 10 to 11, and the number of Brazilian states with R. montenegrensis has increased from two to three.

Resumo A pandemia da “novel coronavirus disease” 2019 (COVID-19), infecção causada pelo coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), tem descortinado uma realidade até então oculta: a vulnerabilidade da população residente em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI). Diversas publicações científicas têm revelado a concentração de até 60% dos óbitos atribuídos à COVID-19 em tais instituições. A maioria dos residentes em ILPI reúnem os principais fatores de risco para morbimortalidade pela COVID-19, o que torna imprescindível a definição de ações voltadas à prevenção da transmissibilidade do SARS-CoV-2 neste ambiente, além das medidas usuais de distanciamento social e isolamento dos portadores da doença. Propõem-se, no presente artigo, estratégias de rastreamento da infecção em residentes e trabalhadores de ILPI por meio de testes laboratoriais disponíveis no Brasil. A identificação precoce de indivíduos portadores do SARS-CoV-2 com possibilidades de transmissão ativa e continuada do vírus permite a adoção de medidas que interrompam o ciclo de transmissão local da infecção.

Abstract An infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled a hitherto hidden reality: the vulnerability of the population living in long-term care facilities for the elderly (LTCF). To date, several scientific publications have revealed a concentration of up to 60% of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in such institutions. Most LTFC residents share the primary risk factors currently associated with increased morbimortality due to the COVID-19 infection. It is crucial to define actions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread in this environment, besides the usual measures of social distancing and isolation of the carriers of this disease. This paper proposes strategies for the investigation of this infection in LTCF residents and workers using laboratory tests available in Brazil. The early identification of individuals with SARS-CoV-2, who may actively and continuously spread the virus, allows adopting measures aimed at interrupting the local transmission cycle of this infection.

ABSTRACT The Half-Normal distribution has been intensively extended in the recent years. A review of the literature showed that at least 10 extensions of the Half-Normal distribution were introduced between 2008 and 2016. These extensions generalized the behavior of the density and hazard functions, which are restricted to monotonous decreasing and monotonically increasing, respectively. In this paper we propose a new extension called the transmuted Half-Normal distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map, introduced by Shaw & Buckley (2009). A comprehensive account of mathematical properties of the new distribution is presented. We provide explicit expressions for the moments, moment-generating function, Shannon’s entropy, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, order statistics, and reliability. The estimation of the parameters is implemented by the maximum likelihood method. The bias and accuracy of the estimators are assayed by the Monte Carlo simulations. This proposed distribution allows us to incorporate covariates directly in the mean and consequently to quantify their influences on the average of the response variable. Experiment with two real data sets show usefulness and its value as a good alternative to several extensions of the Half-Normal distribution in data modeling with and without covariates.

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the different methods of estimation of the unknown parameters of a two-parameter unit-logistic distribution from the frequentist point of view. We briefly describe different approaches, namely, maximum likelihood estimators, percentile based estimators, least squares estimators, maximum product of spacings estimators, methods of minimum distances: Cramér-von Mises, AndersonDarling and four variants of Anderson-Darling. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed methods of estimation for both small and large samples. The performances of the estimators have been compared in terms of their relative bias, root mean squared error, average absolute difference between the theoretical and empirical estimate of the distribution functions and the maximum absolute difference between the theoretical and empirical distribution functions using simulated samples. Also, for each method of estimation, we consider the interval estimation using the Bootstrap confidence interval and calculate the coverage probability and the average width of the Bootstrap confidence intervals. Finally, two real data sets have been analyzed for illustrative purposes.

Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de suplementos, com diferentes proporções de ureia e sal mineral, na alimentação de vacas mestiças leiteiras. Foram utilizados dez animais, com peso corporal médio de 480 kg ± 9,7, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 5 x 5, com tratamentos de suplementos com diferentes porcentagens de ureia e sal mineral, sendo: 10:10; 10:20; 20:10, 20:20 e 0:100, completados para 100% com fubá de milho. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o programa SAS, adotando-se um nível de significância de 0,05. O uso de suplemento aumentou (p < 0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS) total da dieta. O aumento do teor de ureia no suplemento diminuiu o consumo de MS de suplemento. O uso de suplemento aumentou (p < 0,05) a digestibilidade da MS. Os tratamentos com presença de suplemento proporcionaram maior (p < 0,05) produção de leite. Os suplementos podem ser usados para corrigir deficiências nutricionais, resultando em maior consumo, digestibilidade e produção de leite. Os suplementos com 20% de ureia em sua composição resultaram em menor consumo com mesmo desempenho dos animais, podendo-se concluir que esses tratamentos apresentaram melhor eficiência de utilização.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of supplementary feed with different percentages of urea and mineral salt for crossbred milk cows. Ten animals were used, mean body weight 480 kg ± 9,7, distributed in a 5 x 5 double Latin square, with treatments of supplements with different urea and mineral salt percentages, namely, 10:10; 10:20; 20:10 and 20:20, completed to 100% with corn meal. Data underwent statistical analysis by SAS at 0.05 significance level. The use of supplements increased (p < 0.05) the total dry matter (DM) intake of diet. The increase in the level of urea in the supplement decreased DM intake of supplement. The use of supplements increased (p < 0.05) DM digestibility. The treatments with presence of supplement showed higher (p < 0.05) milk production. Supplemented diets may be used to correct nutritional deficiencies of sugar cane, with higher intake, digestibility and milk production. Treatments with 20% urea in the composition of the supplement caused a lower DM consumption with the same performance in the animals. The above-mentioned treatments had the best efficiency.