SUMMARY: Persea willdenovii is a native species popularly known for its high potential for medicinal use. Due to problems in low seed production and germination, vegetative propagation appears promising. Thus, we seek with this work to evaluate techniques of vegetative rescue and the potential use of shoots obtained in tissue culture. Adult trees of the species were used to apply total and partial girdling treatments and obtain pruned branches as vegetative rescue techniques. Shoot production was monitored over time (90 to 240 days). Sprouts were used for in vitro propagation, and disinfestation treatments were carried out using biocides such as NaClO and Plant Preservative Mixture PPMTM (PPMTM), changing the time and concentrations of the products. Multiplication was also tested using doses of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and media and the potential for callogenesis under combinations of BAP and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (ANA). The vegetative rescue by complete or semi-girdling has the potential to produce shoots, though pruned branches proved to be one of the best techniques for rescue. In the micropropagation, the use of biocides such NaOCl for a long period of time (2 % for 20 min) with PPMTM added to the culture medium shows a potential for disinfestation in the in vitro establishment. For in vitro multiplication, the usage of WPM and BAP (2 a 4 g L-1) promotes higher shoot length, shoot number and leaf number. For indirect organogenesis by leaf segments, the cultivation with BAP and ANA was not responsive to the induction of callogenesis.

RESUMEN: Persea willdenovii es una especie nativa popularmente conocida por su uso medicinal. Debido a problemas en la baja producción y germinación de semillas, la propagación vegetativa parece promisoria. Consecuentemente, en este trabajo se evaluaron técnicas de rescate vegetativo y el uso potencial de brotes obtenidos en cultivo de tejidos. Se usaron árboles adultos de la especie para realizar tratamientos de anillo total y parcial, y obtener ramas podadas como técnicas de rescate vegetativo. La producción de brotes se controló a lo largo del tiempo (90 a 240 días). Se utilizaron brotes para la propagación in vitro, y los tratamientos de desinfestación se llevaron a cabo utilizando biocidas como NaClO y Mezcla Conservante de Plantas (PPMTM), cambiando el tiempo y las concentraciones de los productos. La multiplicación también se probó utilizando dosis de BAP y medios y el potencial de callogénesis en combinaciones de 6-Bencilaminopurina (BAP) y ácido naftalenacético (ANA). El rescate vegetativo mediante anillo completo o parcial tiene el potencial de producir brotes, pero las ramas podadas demostraron ser una de las mejores técnicas. En la micropropagación, el uso de biocidas como el NaOCl durante un período prolongado (2 % durante 20 min) con PPMTM añadido al medio de cultivo muestra un potencial de desinfestación en el establecimiento in vitro. Para la multiplicación in vitro, el uso de WPM y BAP (2 a 4 g L-1) promueve una mayor longitud y número de brotes, y número de hojas. Para la organogénesis indirecta por segmentos de hojas, el cultivo con BAP y ANA no respondieron a la inducción de callogénesis.

ABSTRACT Low bud fertility index is frequently observed in different grapevine varieties grown in high altitude of Santa Catarina Sate; in many cases less than one cluster per bud is observed. The objective of this study was to assess bud fertility of twenty six Vitis vinifera L. varieties and from this information, to recommend the method of pruning more suitable for these varieties in high altitude conditions. The grapevine canes and buds were collected from production vineyards located in São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State, in two consecutive vintages. Fifteen cane cuttings containing 10 nodes per variety were collected to determine bud fertility and placed in a growth chamber with controlled relative humidity, light, temperature. After budbreak, buds were classified as fertile or non-fertile according to the presence or absence of the inflorescence. The bud fertility varies according to the variety and its position in the cane. Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tinta Roriz and Tinta Caiada, which present higher fertility in basal buds, are recommended for short or long pruning. The varieties Chardonnay, Manzoni Bianco, Sauvignon Blanc, Sangiovese, Pinot Gris, Tempranillo, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Montepulciano, and Touriga Nacional should be pruned preferentially in long pruning. While the varieties Viognier, Glera (Prosecco), Fiano, Garganega, Vermentino, Nebbiolo, Teroldego, Rebo, Canaiolo Nero and Touriga Francesa must be pruned exclusively with long pruning in order to ensure adequate cluster production.

RESUMO O Sul do Brasil apresenta áreas com clima subtropical, com número significativo de geadas, que dificultam ou, até mesmo, impossibilitam o crescimento de eucaliptos tropicais. Eucalyptus benthamii e E. smithii surgem como espécies alternativas de origem subtropical com considerável tolerância a geadas. Estudou-se a variação genética para diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), altura (H), volume (VOL) e tortuosidade em quatro procedências de Eucalyptus smithii e duas de E. benthamii, plantadas em delineamento em blocos casualizados em área experimental do município de Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. Foi encontrada variabilidade genética considerável para os caracteres investigados, todos diretamente associados com a seleção para produção e qualidade da madeira. Em geral, a maior proporção da diversidade genética foi encontrada dentro das procedências (Q d variou de 63,6 a 73,%), exceto para tortuosidade (Q d = 13,5% e Q st = 81,9%). Embora a predição de ganhos genéticos com testes de procedências apresente limitações, o emprego do método REML/BLUP permitiu predizer ganhos genéticos para as variáveis DAP, H e VOL nas procedências e indivíduos das duas espécies. Os ganhos genéticos mais elevados foram preditos para uma procedência de E. smithii originária da Austrália (13% para DAP, 5 % para H e 6,1% para VOL). Contudo, os ganhos genéticos potenciais com a procedência de E. benthamii de Santa Catarina não foram negligenciáveis (1,2% para DAP, 1,8% para H e 2,2% para VOL). Estes resultados representam importantes contribuições para a realização de testes de progênies posteriores para investigar a variação genética aditiva e seus componentes, o que pode aprimorar o conhecimento do controle genético dos caracteres e auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético de E. smithii e E. benthamii.

ABSTRACT Southern Brazil encompasses areas with a subtropical climate, with significant number of frosts, which challenge or even impair growing tropical eucalypts. Eucalyptus benthamii and E. smithii rise as alternative species of subtropical origin with considerable frost-tolerance. Here we accessed the genetic variation for diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), volume (VOL), bifurcation and straightness of four provenances of E. smithii and two of E. benthamii, cultivated in randomized block design in a farm in Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. We found considerable genetic variability for the traits, all directly associated with the selection for wood production and quality. In general, most of the genetic variability was found within the provenances (Q d ranged from 63.6 to 73.1%), except for straightness (Q d = 13.5% and Q st = 81.9%). Although predicting genetic gains with provenance trials might have some drawbacks, the application of the REML/BLUP method was able to predict genetic gains for the growth variables DBH, H and VOL for provenances of the two species. The highest genetic gains were predicted for a provenance of E. smithii originated from Australia (13% for DBH, 5% for H and 6.1% for VOL). However, the genetic gains from a E. benthamii provenance from Santa Catarina state were not negligible (1.2% for DBH, 1.8 for H and 2.2% for VOL). Our results provide insights for further progeny trials aimed at investigating additive genetic variance and their components, which could improve the genetic control of the traits and assist breeding programs of E. smithii and E. benthamii.

RESUMO: Programas de melhoramento internacional lançaram novos materiais genéticos de porta-enxertos de macieira que além de precoces e produtivos são resistentes as principais doenças e pragas de solo das maiores regiões produtoras de maçã no Brasil. Diante disto, existe a necessidade de propagação vegetativa destes materiais para estudos e possível substituição dos atuais porta-enxertos. O objetivo foi adaptar um protocolo de micropropagação para o novo porta-enxerto de macieira ‘G. 814’. Na fase de multiplicação dos explantes foram avaliadas concentrações de BAP: 0; 0.5; 1; 2 e 4mg L-1 e na de enraizamento concentrações de AIB: 0; 0.25; 0.50; 1; 1.5 e 2.5mg L-1. Esta seleção de porta-enxerto pode ser micropropagada com este protocolo adaptado. Para o sucesso na propagação in vitro do porta-enxerto de macieira ‘G. 814’ é indicado o uso de 1mg L-1 de BAP na fase de multiplicação e de 1.5mg L-1 de AIB na fase de enraizamento.

ABSTRACT: International breeding programs launched new genetic material of apple rootstocks that in addition to precocity and great yield are resistant to major diseases and soil pests encountered in the largest apple producing regions in Brazil. Given this, there is a necessity for vegetative propagation of these materials for study and possible replacement of existing rootstocks. The objective was to adapt a micropropagation protocol for new apple rootstock ‘G. 814’. In the multiplication phase were evaluated BAP concentrations: 0; 0.5; 1; 2 and 4mg L-1 and in the rooting phase were evaluated IBA concentrations: 0; 0.25; 0.50; 1; 1.5 and 2.5mg L-1. These new results demonstrated that this new rootstock selection can be propagated with this tissue culture adapted protocol. For the successful in vitro propagation of apple rootstock ‘G. 814’ it is indicated the use of 1mg L-1 BAP at multiplication phase and 1.5mg L-1 IBA at rooting phase.