Zamia es morfológica y ecológicamente el género más diverso de Cycadales. Colombia es el país con más especies vivientes, descritas de Zamia. Aunque en el pasado este género tuvo una distribución más amplia, en la actualidad está básicamente restringido a la región neotropical. Como con otras Cycadales, Zamiapresenta varias características anatómicas inusuales en sus foliolos. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en comparar la anatomía de los foliolos de Zamia disodon y Z. restrepoi y establecer posibles relaciones entre sus características anatómicas y los ambientes que estas especies habitan. Encontramos que ambas especies comparten varias características en común, como la morfología del parénquima, la distribución de los tejidos en las áreas entre venas y la morfología de los estomas. Las diferencias más notables entre especies se vieron a nivel de sus paquetes de fibras y en la distribución y abundancia de los tejidos en las regiones cerca de las venas. La presencia de estomas en las superficies adaxial y abaxial puede deberse a la elevada humedad de los hábitats en los que ambas especies son nativas, mientras que la distribución de los paquetes de fibras puede permitir la longevidad de las hojas de Zamia. Por otra parte muchas de las características únicas de Zamia restrepoi son resultado de la presencia de una vena media muy conspicua, que es única de esta especie dentro del género.

The genus Zamia is morphologically and ecologically the most diverse of the Cycadales. Colombia is the country where most living species of Zamia have been recorded. Even though in the past this genus extended beyond the Neotropical region, nowadays it is almost entirely restricted to that biogeographical realm. As with the remaining Cycadales, this genus shows several unusual anatomical traits in the leaflets. The objective of this research was to study and compare the leaflet anatomy of Zamia disodon and Z. restrepoi and establish possible relationships between the anatomical traits and the habitats of these species. We found that both species share several unusual traits with each other and with other species of the genus, such as the parenchyma morphology, the distribution of tissues between the veins and the stomata morphology. The main differences between these species were seen in their fiber clusters and in the distribution and abundance of the photosynthetic tissue near the vein areas. The presence of stomata both adaxially and abaxially could be the result of the very wet habitats where both species are native, while the presence of fiber clusters just at the vein areas could account for the longevity of the leaves of Zamia. On the other hand the unique traits of Zamia restrepoi are related to the presence of a midvein, a trait not found in any other species of Zamia.

Em 2005 houve um relato da presença da leprose dos citros no Estado de Chiapas, ao sul do México, baseado em sintomatologia. Subsequentemente a doença foi constatada em pomares de laranjeiras doces no Estado de Tabasco, nas localidades de Huimanguillo e Cunduacan. Amostras de folhas com lesões lepróticas de laranjeiras Valencia ou Hamlin foram coletadas e posteriormente examinadas ao microscópio eletrônico e submetidas a ensaios de detecção molecular por RT-PCR usando primers específicos. Estudos ultraestruturais revelaram alterações citopatológicas típicas causadas pelo CiLV-C (partículas baciliformes curtas no lúmen do retículo endoplasmático e a presença de viroplasmas vacuolados e elétron-densos no citoplasma) e hipertrofia em algumas células do parênquima lacunoso. Ensaios de RT-PCR resultaram na amplificação, na maioria das amostras de folhas dessecadas, de fragmento de DNA de tamanho esperado. Ácaros Brevipalpus coletados nos pomares foram identificados como B. phoenicis. Ensaios de transmissão com este ácaro confirmaram seu papel como vetor do CiLV-C para laranja doce, mas não houve transmissão para limão, limão Volkameriana, citrange C35 e citrange Carrizo. Todos estes dados considerados em conjunto confirmam que CiLV-C está presente em Tabasco, México e que a leprose dos citros descrita em Chiapas é causada pelo CiLV-C.

Citrus leprosis was detected in sweet oranges in Chiapas, Mexico, in 2005 based on symptoms. The disease was soon after observed in sweet orange orchards at Huimanguillo and Cunduacan, state of Tabasco. Leaf samples of leprosis-affected Valencia or Hamlin sweet oranges were collected and subjected to ultrastructural examination and molecular detection of CiLV-C by RT-PCR. Cytopathic effects typical of CiLV-C infection as presence of short, baciliform particles in the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and electron dense, vacuolated viroplasma in the cytoplasm, as well as hypertrophy of some spongy parenchyma cells were observed in the tissues of the leaf lesions. RT-PCR using specific primers for CiLV-C produced DNA fragments of the expected size. Brevipalpus mites were present in these orchards and identified as B. phoenicis, the known vector for CiLV-C. Transmission tests with these mites confirmed their role as leprosis vectors to sweet orange but not to lemon, Volkamerian lemon, C35 citrange and Carrizo citrange. These data confirm the presence of CiLV-C in Tabasco, Mexico and that the citrus leprosis found in Chiapas was caused by CiLV-C.