RESUMO Os marsupiais estão envolvidos no ciclo de vida de vários patógenos de interesse médico e veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em marsupiais capturados em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica, estado de Sergipe, nordeste do Brasil. De junho de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, marsupiais foram capturados usando-se armadilhas, e foram obtidas amostras fecais frescas após defecação espontânea. Os animais foram identificados morfometricamente e as fezes analisadas pela técnica FLOTAC. Foram capturados 88 animais, sendo 37 Marmosops incanus, 30 Marmosa demerarae, 20 Didelphis albiventris e 01 Marmosa murina. A espécie mais parasitada foi D. albiventris (45,95%) seguida de M. incanus (43,24%) e M. demerarae (23,3%). No geral, ovos de helmintos foram detectados em 47,72% (42/88) das amostras, enquanto oocistos de protozoários em 32,95% (29/88). Ovos de Ancylostoma sp. predominaram sobre outros parasitos. Este estudo aponta para a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais e contribui para um melhor entendimento do parasitismo em marsupiais que vivem em fragmentos florestais da Mata Atlântica.

RESUMO A doença provocada pelo novo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) tem causado um grande impacto nos serviços de saúde. Os serviços de saúde foram essencialmente dirigidos para a resposta à pandemia. Para diminuir a disseminação do vírus, medidas de confinamento foram aplicadas à escala planetária. Indiretamente, a COVID-19 influenciou também a transmissão de outras infeções, incluindo as infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST). Enquanto as medidas de distanciamento social têm potencial para diminuir a incidência de IST, o encerramento e a diminuição dos serviços de diagnóstico e tratamento de IST tendem a uma evolução oposta. A questão reside na forma como estas duas forças contraditórias se irão ajustar. Neste artigo revemos o impacto da COVID-19 na alteração dos comportamentos sexuais, na resposta das clínicas de IST e na incidência de IST, incluindo dados locais.

ABSTRACT Novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted health care in general and has disrupted our routines. Health care services were mostly directed towards the emergency response and containment measures to halt virus spreading have been applied worldwide. It has also indirectly impacted the transmission of other infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STI). For STI, physical distancing measures have the potential to decrease STI transmission whereas the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare resources with interruption of STI diagnosis and treatment drives in the opposite direction. The question is how the counterbalancing impact of these forces will affect the course of STI epidemic. In this article we review the current available data on the COVID-19 impact on sexual behaviours, STI services interruption and reported STI rates, including local data.

Despite the appeal of ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) methods of analysis applied in the clinical and research settings, the number of studies that have investigated HRV by analyzing R-R interval (RRi) recordings shorter than 5 min is still limited. Moreover, ultra-short-term HRV analysis has not been extensively validated during exercise and, currently, no indications exist for its applicability during resistance exercise. The aim of the present study was to compare ultra-short-term HRV analysis with standard short-term HRV analysis during low-intensity, dynamic, lower limb resistance exercise in healthy elderly subjects. Heart rate (HR) and RRi signals were collected from 9 healthy elderly men during discontinuous incremental resistance exercise consisting of 4-min intervals at low intensities (10, 20, 30, and 35% of 1-repetition maximum). The original RRi signals were segmented into 1-, 2-, and 3-min sections. HRV was analyzed in the time domain (root mean square of the of differences between adjacent RRi, divided by the number of RRi, minus one [RMSSD]), RRi mean value and standard deviation [SDNN] (percentage of differences between adjacent NN intervals that are greater than 50 ms [pNN50]), and by non-linear analysis (short-term RRi standard deviation [SD1] and long-term RRi standard deviation [SD2]). No significant difference was found at any exercise intensity between the results of ultra-short-term HRV analysis and the results of standard short-term HRV analysis. Furthermore, we observed excellent (0.70 to 0.89) to near-perfect (0.90 to 1.00) concordance between linear and non-linear parameters calculated over 1- and 2-min signal sections and parameters calculated over 3-min signal sections. Ultra-short-term HRV analysis appears to be a reliable surrogate of standard short-term HRV analysis during resistance exercise in healthy elderly subjects.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a bioatividade de extratos aquosos de plantas medicinais em sementes de Phaseolus lunatus L. (feijão-fava) via comportamento fisiológico e fitossanitário. Foram utilizadas sementes de feijão-fava da variedade Anduzinha tratadas com seis extratos aquosos de plantas medicinais a 5% (Ocimun gratissimum, Plectranthus neachilus, Vernonia condensata, Cymbopogom citratus, Equisetum sp., e Piper aduncum L.), juntamente com a testemunha (água destilada). A bioatividade foi determinada pelo comportamento fisiológico e sanitário avaliados por meio dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz na primeira e última contagem, e teste de sanidade. Realizou-se a análise de variância e teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O extrato aquoso de cavalinha (Equisetum sp.) promoveu a melhor qualidade fisiológica das sementes de feijão-fava. Houve maior incidência de fungos nas sementes de feijão-fava que receberam o extrato de boldinho (Plectranthus neachilus).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivitt of medicinal lants aqueous extracts in Phaseolus lunatus L. (lima bean) s via through physiological and behavioral health. We the llima bean seeds of the variety Anduzinha ins of medicinal lants aqueous extracs ato 5% (Ocimun gratissimum, Plectranthus neachilus, Vernonia condensata, Cymbopogom citratus, Equisetum sp. and Piper aduncum L.) together with the control (distilled water). The bioactivity was determined by physiological and sanitary qutyies reviews through germination, first counting of germination, speed of germination, root length in the first and last counting, and sanity check. We carried out the analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% probability. The aqueous extract of Equisetum sp. promoted beseed physiological quality of the lima bean seed. There was a higher incidence of fungs of lima bean sract that received the extract of Plectranthus neacilus).

A espécie Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) é popularmente conhecida no Brasil como "café berão" e "pó de mico". Suas sementes são bastante estudadas sendo empregadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de desordens nervosas e do aparelho reprodutor, porém poucas informações sobre a composição química e atividade farmacológica das folhas dessa espécie são descritas na literatura. Assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram: a determinação do perfil fitoquímico, a avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro, e a avaliação das atividades anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva in vivo do extrato metanólico das folhas de M. pruriens nas concentrações de 100 e 300 mg/kg. O estudo fitoquímico foi realizado por meio da pesquisa qualitativa dos constituintes químicos e determinação quantitativa do teor de fenóis totais e flavonoides. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado pelos métodos do DPPH e poder de redução. As atividades anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva foram a ante foi promissor, com CI50 de 13,2∝g/mL pelo método do DPPH, e CE50 de 47,9∝g/mL pelo método que avalia o poder de redução. Em relação à atividade anti-inflamatória, o extrato foi capaz de inibir o edema de orelha em 63% (100mg/kg) e 28% (300mg/kg). Quanto à atividade antinociceptiva, houve redução do número de contorções abdominais de 64% (100 mg/kg) e 69% (300 mg/kg). Estes resultados indicam que M. pruriens apresenta um potencial farmacológico promissor e reforçam o conceito de que a pesquisa de plantas com usos etnofarmacológicos pode revelar um número substancial de respostas em ensaios in vitro e in vivo.

The species Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as "café berão" and "pó de mico". Its seeds have been widely studied and used in folk medicine for the treatment of nervous and reproductive system disorders; however, few studies are related to the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of its leaves. Therefore, the aims of this study were: investigation of the phytochemical profile, in vitro assessment of the antioxidant activity, and in vivo evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of methanol extract of M. pruriens leaves at the concentrations of 100 and 300mg/kg. The phytochemical study was performed by means of qualitative identification of chemical constituents and quantitative determination of total phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant potential was assayed by DPPH and reducing power methods. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were evaluated by croton oil-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced writhing tests, respectively. Alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenes and saponins were identified in the extract. Total phenol and flavonoid levels were 112 and 18.3mg/g extract, respectively. The antioxidant potential was promising, with IC50 of 13.2∝g/mL by DPPH assay and EC50 of 47.9∝g/mL by the method that evaluates the reducing power. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the extract was capable of inhibiting by 63% (100mg/kg) and 28% (300mg / kg) the ear edema. As to the antinociceptive activity, there was a reduction in the number of writhings by 64% (100mg/kg) and 69% (300mg/kg). Results indicate that M. pruriens presents a promising pharmacological potential and reinforce the concept that the investigation of ethnopharmacologically used plants may reveal a substantial number of positive responses in in vitro and in vivo assays.

OBJETIVO: Descrever, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, os efeitos do treinamento físico sobre a pressão arterial em adolescentes com obesidade. FONTES DE DADOS: Recorreu-se à revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados que analisaram o efeito do treinamento físico sobre a pressão arterial de adolescentes obesos, publicados em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. Foram incluídos os estudos que avaliaram adolescentes publicados até 2010, e que possuíam Grupo Controle. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Oito estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Dois deles utilizaram exercícios de força combinados com aeróbios, enquanto seis empregaram apenas os aeróbios. Cinco estudos utilizaram intervenções complementares, sendo a nutricional a mais frequente. Quatro estudos observaram redução da pressão arterial sistólica no Grupo Exercício comparado ao Controle. Nesses quatro estudos, além da redução da pressão arterial, notou-se diminuição da massa corpórea. Todos aqueles que verificaram redução da pressão arterial utilizaram 12 a 24 semanas de exercícios aeróbios, três a seis sessões semanais, com duração de 50 a 90 minutos e intensidade entre 55 e 75% da frequência cardíaca máxima. CONCLUSÕES: O efeito do treinamento físico na pressão arterial de adolescentes obesos é controverso. A redução da pressão arterial parece ocorrer com programas de treinamento aeróbios que promovam também a redução da massa corpórea.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the results of studies that analyzed the effects of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was performed and examined the effect of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents, published in journals indexed at PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, and ISI Web of knowledgeSM databases. Studies that evaluated adolescents published until 2010 and that had a Control Group were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of them used strength exercises combined with aerobics, while six used only aerobics. Five studies used complementary intervention, especially nutritional. Four studies found decreased systolic blood pressure in the Training Group compared to Controls, together with the reduction in body mass. All studies that found a reduction in systolic blood pressure used aerobic exercises from 12 to 24 weeks three to six times per week, lasting 50 to 90 minutes, and with intensity between 55 and 75% at the maximum heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of physical training on the systolic blood pressure of obese adolescents is controversial. However, the reduction in systolic blood pressure seems to occur with aerobic training programs, that also reduce body mass.

OBJETIVO: Describir, mediante una revisión sistemática, los efectos del entrenamiento físico sobre la presión arterial en adolescentes con obesidad. FUENTES DE DATOS: Se recurrió a la revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorios que analizaron el efecto del entrenamiento físico sobre la presión arterial de adolescentes obesos, publicados en periódicos indexados en las bases de datos PubMed/MedLine, LILACS, SciELO e ISI Web of knowledgeSM. Se incluyeron los estudios que evaluaron a adolescentes, publicados hasta el año de 2010 y que poseían grupo control. SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS: Ocho estudios atendieron a los criterios de inclusión. Dos de ellos utilizaron ejercicios de fuerza combinados con aeróbicos, mientras que seis emplearon solamente ejercicios aeróbicos. Cinco estudios utilizaron intervenciones complementarias, siendo la intervención nutricional la más frecuente. Cuatro estudios observaron reducción de la presión arterial sistólica en el grupo ejercicio comparado al control. En esos cuatro estudios, además de la reducción de la presión arterial, se notó disminución de la masa corporal. Todos los estudios que verificaron reducción de la presión arterial utilizaron de 12 a 24 semanas de ejercicios aeróbicos. El programa de entrenamiento tuvo lugar con tres a seis sesiones semanales con duración de 50 a 90 minutos e intensidad entre 55 y 75% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima. CONCLUSIONES: El efecto del entrenamiento físico en la presión arterial de adolescentes obesos es controvertido. Sin embargo, la reducción de la presión arterial parece ocurrir con programas de entrenamiento aeróbicos que promueven también la reducción de la masa corporal.

We address this work to investigate symbolic sequences with long-range correlations by using computational simulation. We analyze sequences with two, three and four symbols that could be repeated l times, with the probability distribution p(l) ∝ 1/l µ. For these sequences, we verified that the usual entropy increases more slowly when the symbols are correlated and the Tsallis entropy exhibits, for a suitable choice of q, a linear behavior. We also study the chain as a random walk-like process and observe a nonusual diffusive behavior depending on the values of the parameter µ.

A family of entropy indices constructed in the framework of Tsallis entropy formalism is used to investigate ecological diversity. It represents a new perspective in ecology because a simple equation can incorporate all aspects of α-diversity, from richness to dominance and can be also related to a measure of species rarity. In addition, a generalized Kullback-Leibler distance, constructed in the framework of a nonextensive formalism, is recalled and used as a measure of β-diversity between two systems. These tools are applied to data relative to the macrophytes collected from two not far apart arms of Itaipu Reservoir, in Paraná River basin.

The nonextensive statistical mechanics proposed by Tsallis is today an intense and growing research field. Probability distributions which emerges from the nonextensive formalism(q-distributions) have been applied to an impressive variety of problems. In particular, the role of q-distributions in the interdisciplinary field of complex systems has been expanding. Here, we make a brief review of q-exponential, q-Gaussian and q-Weibull distributions focusing some of their basic properties and recent applications. The richness of systems analyzed may indicate future directions in this field.

A ferrugem da soja é uma doença que ocorre nas folhas da soja e é considerada muito agressiva, pois reduz a qualidade do grão final. A identificação precoce do fungo na plantação previne várias perdas para o agricultor bem como para as culturas vizinhas. Neste trabalho, um imunossensor foi desenvolvido sem a utilização de marcadores usando medidas de impedância para detectar a ferrugem asiática nos extratos das folhas contaminadas nos estágios iniciais da doença, antes do aparecimento dos sintomas. O anticorpo anti-micélio do fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi (agente causador da doença) foi imobilizado em substrato de ouro via formação de monocamadas auto-organizadas de tióis e ligações covalentes com a biomolécula. O imunossensor apresentou um limite de detecção de 385 ng mL-1. A otimização das condições experimentais e o bloqueio da superfície para minimizar ligações não-específicas foram realizados. Este estudo proporcionou uma nova perspectiva da utilização do método para o diagnóstico precoce da doença.

Soybean rust is a disease that occurs on soybean leaves and is considered very aggressive, reducing product quality. Early identification of fungus in the plants prevents severe farming losses as well as spreading to neighboring cultures. In this paper, a label-free immunosensor was developed based on impedance measurements to detect Asian rust on soybean leaf extract at the early stages of the disease. The antibody anti-mycelium of Phakopsora pachyrhizi fungus (disease agent) was immobilized on a gold substrate via a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiols using covalent cysteamine coupling. This immunosensor presents a limit of detection of 385 ng mL-1. The optimization of experimental conditions and surface blocking to minimize non-specific adsorption on the immunosensor response were evaluated. These studies, based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), provide new perspectives on using this method for early diagnosis of soybean rust.

Several yeast species of Candida genus can colonize the skin as well as the mucous membrane of the vagina and the digestive tract for short or long periods. Depending on the host's immunological state and the yeast's virulence, colonization can become an infection, invading the colonized tissues and also disseminating. AIDS is characterized by the host's intensive and progressive immunodepression which manifests as diverse symptoms, mainly lesions in the mouth. Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is an important indicator of the disease progress and the immunosuppression increase. The factors involved in the equilibrium between Candida spp. and HIV-infected subjects are sometimes contradictory and were evaluated in the present study specially for colonization.

Supercritical CO2 extraction of the pigments from Bixa orellana seeds was carried out in a flow apparatus at a pressure of 200 bar and a temperature of 40 ºC at two fluid flow rates (0.67g/min and 1.12g/min). The efficiency of the extraction was low (only about 1% of the pigment was extracted). The increase in flow rate led to a decrease in pigment recovery. A large increase in recovery (from 1% to 45%) was achieved using supercritical carbon dioxide with 5 mol % ethanol as extraction fluid at pressures of 200 and 300 bar and temperatures of 40 and 60 ºC. Although the increase in temperature and pressure led to an increase in recovery, the changes in flow rate did not seem to affect it. Furthermore, two plug flow models were applied to describe the supercritical extraction of the pigments from annatto seeds. Mass transfer coefficients were determined and compared well with those obtained by other researchers with similar models for the supercritical extraction of solutes from plant materials.

Filmes finos de niobato de estrôncio e bário (SBN) na composição 75/25 (Sr0,75Ba0,25Nb2O 6) foram depositados sobre substratos de Pt/Si usando-se um método químico baseado na obtenção de uma resina polimérica a partir de diferentes soluções de íons. Os filmes foram cristalizados em temperaturas entre 500 °C e 700 °C usando-se tratamentos térmicos convencionais de 1 hora e rápidos de 60 segundos. A presença da fase ferroelétrica do SBN foi confirmada somente em filmes cristalizados em temperaturas superiores a 600 °C, enquanto que para os filmes tratados termicamente a 500 °C verificou-se a presença de outras fases como o SrNb2O6 e BaNb2O6 que não são ferroelétricas. Os parâmetros de rede da estrutura tetragonal do SBN foram calculados com base nos difratogramas de raios X para diferentes condições de cristalização e os valores obtidos concordam bem com aqueles obtidos para filmes de SBN, reportados na literatura, preparados por outros métodos. Os parâmetros ferroelétricos foram obtidos usando-se um circuito Sawyer-Tower à temperatura ambiente na freqüência de 100 Hz. Para os filmes cristalizados a 700 °C os valores de polarização remanescente (Pr) e campo coercitivo (Ec) foram respectivamente 18 mC/cm² e 180 kV/cm para tratamentos térmicos convencionais e 17 mC/cm² e 235 kV/cm para tratamentos térmicos rápidos.

Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN) thin films in the composition 75/25 (Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O 6) were deposited on Pt/Si substrates by a chemical method based in a polymeric resin obtained from different ion solutions. The films were crystallized in temperatures between 500 °C and 700 °C using a conventional furnace for 1 hour and using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for 60 seconds. The ferroelectric phase SBN was confirmed for films crystallized in temperatures above 600 ºC, films thermal treated at 500 ºC we noted the presence of other phases such as SrNb2O6 and BaNb2O6, which are not ferroelectrics. The lattice parameters of the tetragonal SBN structure were calculated based in X-ray diffraction for different crystallization conditions and the values agree well with the values reported in literature for thin films obtained by other methods. The ferroelectrics parameters were obtained using a modified Sawyer-Tower circuit at 100 Hz frequency and room temperature. For films crystallized at 700 ºC the remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) values were 18 mC/cm² and 180 kV/cm for conventional thermal treatment and 17 mC/cm² e 235 kV/cm for rapid thermal annealing.