RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e a metamorfose de girinos de rãtouro (Lithobates catesbeianus) alimentados com dietas balanceadas com farinha de banana, abacate e abóbora, todas feitas sem epicarpo, em substituição à farinha de milho. Utilizando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, os animais foram colocados em tanques com capacidade de 30 litros em sistema de recirculação de água com densidade de 1 girino / L. Por meio de biometria quinzenal foram avaliados peso, comprimento padrão e total, quanto ao desenvolvimento metamórfico, ganho em peso, consumo, conversão alimentar, taxa de crescimento específico, sobrevivência, parâmetros físico-químicos da água e composição centesimal da carcaça (somente no final). Os resultados mostraram melhor desempenho para girinos alimentados com ração balanceada com farinha de abóbora e banana, seguidos daqueles alimentados com farelo de abacate e alimentados com ração controle (p <0,05). Os animais alimentados com as duas últimas rações não diferiram (p> 0,05). Pode-se concluir que houve melhor desempenho nos animais alimentados com dietas contendo 10% de abóbora e farelo de banana ao invés de milho, e aqueles que receberam farelo de abacate com o mesmo desempenho das dietas tradicionais. Pesquisas devem ser realizadas para avaliar outros níveis de reposição desses nutrientes por girinos de rã-touro.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and metamorphosis of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) fed balanced diets, wherein corn flour was replaced with banana, avocado, and pumpkin meal (all made without the epicarp). Using a completely randomized design, the animals were stored in tanks with a capacity of 30 L in a water recirculation system at a density of 1 tadpole/L. Through biweekly biometric measurements, the weight, standard, and total length were evaluated to determine metamorphic development, weight gain, consumption, feed conversion, specific growth rate, survival, physical-chemical parameters of water, and the percentage carcass composition (only at the end). Tadpoles fed rations balanced with pumpkin and banana flour performed the best, followed by those fed avocado meal and those fed the control ration (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that growth performance is improved in animals fed diets containing 10% pumpkin and banana meal instead of corn, and tadpoles that received the avocado meal had the same performance as the conventional diets. Research should be carried out to assess other avenues for the replacement of ingredients in rations for bullfrog tadpoles.

RESUMO Um dos principais entraves da ranicultura é a falta de conhecimento sobre as exigências nutricionais dos girinos que possibilitem aos nutricionistas a elaboração de uma dieta ideal para esta fase, reduzindo os custos operacionais e promovendo a homogeneidade do lote. Portanto, este estudo teve por objetivo estudar a anatomia do tubo digestivo e a morfometria dos intestinos, médio e posterior, dos girinos de rã-touro Lithobates catesbeianus, visando fornecer subsídios aos nutricionistas para os ajustes no balanceamento de rações adequadas para esta espécie. A população de girinos que receberam o regime alimentar denominado RA3, que consistiu em um aumento quinzenal crescente, durante 60 dias, dos níveis de proteína na ração (de 32 a 45% de PB) apresentaram em relação ao ganho de peso, taxa de sobrevivência e homogeneidade na passagem dos estágios larvais, os melhores resultados quando comparados aos demais regimes alimentares avaliados. Adicionalmente, a morfometria dos intestinos dos animais submetidos ao RA3 apresentou maior comprimento (419,2 mm) e o maior calibre na porção do intestino médio onde ocorre a maior absorção dos nutrientes, podendo-se inferir que este fato está relacionado com a altura das pregas intestinais absortivas resultado do fornecimento de uma dieta com melhor qualidade confirmado pelo peso dos imagos.

ABSTRACT One of the main hindrances to frog farming is the lack of knowledge of the nutritional requirements of tadpoles that allow nutritionists to formulate the ideal diet for this phase, reducing operational costs and providing homogeneity to the shoal. This study aimed at evaluating the anatomy of the digestive tract and morphometry of the midgut and hindgut of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles to provide subsidies for nutritionists to make adjustments in the balancing of suitable diets for this species. The population of tadpoles that received the dietary regimen named DR3, which consisted of a fortnight increase of the dietary protein levels (from 32 to 45% of CP) for 60 days, showed the best results regarding weight gain, survival rate, and homogeneity in the passage of the larval stages as compared with the other dietary regimens tested. Additionally, the morphometry of the intestines of the animals subjected to DR3 showed a greater length (419.2 mm) and higher caliber of the midgut portion where most of the nutrient absorption takes place. It can thus be inferred that this fact is related to the height of the absorptive intestinal folds resulting from the supply of a diet with better quality, confirmed by the weight of the juveniles.

Captive breeding of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is of great economic potential, mainly for its thighs and leather. The nutritional quality of frog meat includes properly balanced amino acids with a protein profile of high biological value, low fat and low cholesterol, and high digestibility due to its short chain molecule structure. It is recommended by doctors and nutritionists, especially for protein restricted children or malnourished children. Aiming to aggregate value to the segment and offer a product with nutritional properties that meet the need of children aged six months and above, a meat product based on the composition of frog meat was developed experimentally. To ensure raw material quality after bleaching and deboning, the microbiota present in the frog meat was determined. The analyses were performed according to Brazilian laws. It was observed that the resident and transient microbiota met the standards set by regulations. The results found were: mesophyll 4.5 x 10(4) CFU/g; Staphylococcus coagulase positive 2.0 x 10² CFU/g; negative for Salmonella sp. and Aeromonas spp. The findings indicate that the raw material showed satisfactory sanitation even in terms of family industry.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar rendimentos, composição centesimal e características bacteriológicas da polpa e do surimi de tilápia obtidos a partir da desossa mecânica de espinhaços residuais da filetagem de peixes de 400 a 650 gramas e oriundos de unidade de processamento oficial. As amostras foram divididas em quatro lotes, com intervalos de prazo de coleta de dois meses. As análises realizadas foram determinação do rendimento, composição centesimal (umidade, proteína, lipídios e cinzas) e análises bacteriológicas: contagem de Bactérias Heterotróficas Aeróbias Mesófilas (CBHAM) e Psicrotróficas (CBHAP); isolamento e identificação de Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Escherichia coli. Os rendimentos obtidos para a polpa e o surimi em relação aos espinhaços foram, respectivamente, de 17,96 e 13,61%, observando-se diferença significativa (P<0,05) entres as amostras. Os percentuais de umidade, proteína, lipídios e cinzas foram, respectivamente, de 80,69; 16,5; 3,14; e 0,50, para a polpa, e de 80,82; 14,6; 0,27; e 0,98, para o surimi, ocorrendo diferença significativa (P<0,05) somente entre os percentuais de lipídios e cinzas. As CBHAM e CBHAP variaram de 5,74 a 11,57 Log10 UFC g-1, e em um lote foi verificada a presença de E. Coli e em dois lotes a presença de Salmonella spp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Após adequação dos Procedimentos Padrões de Higiene Operacional, foram obtidas amostras de polpa e surimi que atenderam a legislação vigente quanto aos padrões microbiológicos para surimi e similares. Foram encontrados, tanto para as amostras de polpa, quanto de surimi, percentuais satisfatórios de proteína e baixos percentuais de lipídios. Considerando-se as análises realizadas neste estudo, essas matérias-primas intermediárias apresentaram potencial para o desenvolvimento de produtos de valor agregado.

The aim of this study was to assess the yields, proximate composition and bacteriological characteristics of minced fish and surimi obtained from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from 400 to 650 grams, recovered from fillet frames, after mechanical deboning. The samples were divided in four lots, collected each two months. The percentage yields were determined and the chemical analysis carried out included moisture, protein, lipids and ashes. Bacteriological analysis considered Heterotrophic Aerobics Mesophilics and Psychrotrophics bacteria count, isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli. The yields obtained from minced fish and surimi, in relation with fillet frames, were 17.96% and 13.61% with significant gaps (P<0.05) between samples. The moisture, proteins, lipids and ashes percentage rate were for the minced fish: 80.69, 16.5, 3.14 and 0.50 and for the surimi: 80.82, 14.6, 0.27, and 0.98, with significant gaps (P<0.05) for lipids and ashes. The counted Mesophilics and Psychrotrophics Bacteria in the samples of different lots of the minced fish and surimi varied from 5.74 to 11.57Log 10 CFU g-1. One sample was positive for E. Coli, and the presence of Salmonella spp and of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus were detected in two samples. After introducing the Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPs), the samples of minced fish and surimi were obtained and attended the current legislation for the microbiological patterns for surimi and similar products. It was found for the minced fish as well as for surimi samples satisfactory percentages of protein and low percentages of lipids. Considering the analysis performed in this study, these intermediate raw materials presented potential for development of value added products.