The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led society to live with a serious public health problem. In this sense, repositioning of antiretrovirals has captured the attention of the scientific community. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an antiretroviral compound that is used to treat acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis B. In this short report, we present a scale-up investigation of TDF by in situ infrared spectroscopy monitoring and a forced degradation study to describe a new degradation product. Finally, we have evaluated TDF in vitro for SARS-CoV-2 for the first time foreseeing the using of this medicine in pre-clinical and clinical investigations for the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) treatment.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o efeito da composição genética no escore de composição corporal (ECC), na produção total da lactação, e nos perfis metabólico e hormonal de vacas Girolando sob mesmo manejo pré e pós-parto. Os grupos genéticos ½ (n=8), – (n=10) e ≥⅞ (n=10) Holandês x Gir (HG) foram avaliados em uma mesma fazenda, e todos eles apresentaram curvas de lactação típicas. O tempo necessário para atingir o pico de produção não diferiu entre os grupos. Os grupos também não diferiram quanto ao tempo gasto para atingirem o menor ECC ou para recuperarem o ECC após o parto, nem quanto aos seus valores de ECC na semana da primeira ovulação, ao número de semanas requeridas para primeira ovulação e ao tempo de serviço. No entanto, vacas ½ HG tiveram maior ECC ao parto, mas também maior perda de ECC no pós-parto. Já a produção total de leite na lactação e as concentrações de insulina no plasma de vacas – HG no pós-parto foram similares aos das vacas selecionadas para produção de leite. O uso de parâmetros obtidos com vacas Holandesas para determinação do manejo em fazenda com vacas cruzadas pode ter consequências indesejáveis, uma vez que esses animais apresentam perfis metabólico e hormonal distintos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to describe the effect of genetic composition on body condition score (BCS), on total lactation production, and on metabolic and hormone profiles of Holstein x Gyr cows under the same pre- and postpartum management conditions. The genetic groups ½ (n=8), – (n=10), and ≥⅞ (n=10) Holstein x Gyr (HG) were evaluated within the same farm, and all of them showed typical lactation curves. The time required to reach peak production did not differ between groups. The groups also did not differ as to time to reach the lowest BCS after calving or to recover BCS after calving, nor as to their BCS values in the week of first ovulation, number of weeks required for first ovulation, and service period. However, ½ HG cows had higher BCS at calving, but also greater BCS loss postpartum. Total lactation production and plasma insulin concentrations of – HG cows postpartum were similar to those of cows specifically selected for milk production. Using parameters obtained with Holstein cows to determine management conditions in farms with crossbred cows can have unwanted consequences, since these animals have different metabolic and hormone profiles.

O tratamento da hepatite C crônica apresenta efeitos colaterais frequentes como citopenias e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos. Contudo, a toxicidade pulmonar associada ao interferon é raramente descrita. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com 67 anos que apresentou início agudo de tosse, dispnéia e febre após 36 semanas de uso do interferon peguilado alfa-2a e ribavirina. A biópsia pulmonar confirmou o diagnóstico de bronquiolite obliterante com pneumonia em organização, com significativa melhora clínico-radiológica após instituída a corticoterapia. Este relato de caso visa alertar os médicos para a possibilidade desse ocasional, embora grave, evento adverso associado ao tratamento da hepatite C.

The treatment of chronic hepatitis C has frequent side effects such as cytopenias and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, pulmonary toxicity associated with interferon is rarely described. This paper describes the clinical case of a 67-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis C who presented an acute onset of dry cough, dyspnoea, and fever 36 weeks after the use of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. The lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Corticotherapy was initiated, with clinical and radiological improvement. This paper aims to advise physicians to this occasional, though severe, adverse event related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.

This paper addresses some lexical issues in the development of XUNL - a knowledge representation language descendent from and alternative to the Universal Networking Language (UNL). We present the current structure and the role of Universal Words (UW) in UNL and claim that the syntax and the semantics of UWs demand a thorough revision in order to accomplish the requirements of language, culture and human independency. We draw some guidelines for XUNL and argue that its vertices should be represented by Arabic numerals; should be equivalent to sets of synonyms; should consist of generative lexical roots; should correspond to the elementary particles of meaning; and should not bear any non-relational meaning.

O conceito de recuperação de informações está presente na origem da Ciência da Informação, sendo responsável por uma marcante abordagem tecnológica. Ao introduzir a preocupação com o usuário dos sistemas, a CI é influenciada pelas ciências cognitivas, que não privilegiam as interações sociais. O artigo reflete sobre os pressupostos cognitivistas da análise dos Sistemas de Recuperação de Informações e apresenta a perspectiva de autores que consideram a necessidade de uma abordagem social, tão importante quanto o desenvolvimento tecnológico.

The concept of information retrieval is in the origins of Information Science, being responsible for a remarkable technological approach. When the concern about the systems' users is introduced IS is influenced by cognitive sciences, which do not favor social interaction. The article reflects about cognitivistic presuppositions about analyses of Information Retrieval Systems and presents a perspective from the authors who consider the need of a social approach as important as technological development.

Egg-induced lesions in the upper and the lower female reproductive tract are important complications of the infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The understanding of the pathophysiology and pathology of genital lesions is only rudimentary, simple and reliable diagnostic tools are not at hand, epidemiological data do not exist and how to treat best the women affected, is not known. In view of recent advances in the understanding of genital lesions induced by S. haematobium the existing literature is critically analysized and possible consequences of female genital schistosomiasis are outlined. We estimate that 6 to 27 % girls and women with intestinal schistosomiasis, at least temporarily, suffer from pathology induced by eggs sequestered somewhere in their genital organs. This is a mattern of concern and warrants more research into the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and therapy of this disease entity.