Resumo Este artigo objetiva analisar como as psicólogas atuantes na atenção básica percebem a influência dos efeitos psicossociais do racismo e do sexismo em suas práticas e no processo de saúde e cuidado prestado às mulheres negras. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, seguindo a perspectiva da psicologia social crítica. Foi realizado um levantamento teórico-metodológico sobre os temas relevantes, assim como a produção do instrumento de coleta de dados e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram do estudo oito psicólogas que atendem o público feminino e trabalham na rede de atenção básica da cidade de Salvador (BA). Os dados foram analisados pelo método hermenêutico-dialético. Nota-se que a maioria das percepções foi associada à questão biologizante da raça/cor e à noção de cuidado voltado à visão universalista do sujeito, o que implicou a ausência de ações direcionadas à promoção da saúde de mulheres negras. Contudo, observou-se a percepção interseccional e o letramento racial nos relatos de três das participantes, o que possibilitou o desenvolvimento de tentativas de práticas antirracistas e antissexistas. Conclui-se que ainda se faz necessário explorar ações da psicologia que visem à promoção da saúde de mulheres negras e que possam associar a teoria com a prática.

Abstract This article aims to analyze how psychologists who work in primary care, perceive the influence of the psychosocial effects of racism and sexism in their practices and in the health and care process provided to black women. This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory character, following the critical social psychology framework. A theoretical-methodological survey was carried out about the main subjects, as well as the production of the data collection instrument and the semi-structured interviews. The study included eight psychologists who serve the female public and work in the primary care network in the municipality of Salvador (BA). Data were analyzed by the hermeneutic-dialectical method. Most perceptions were associated with the biologizing issue of race/color and the notion of care aimed at the universalist view of the subject, which implied the absence of actions aimed at promoting the health of black women. However, the intersectional perception and racial literacy were observed in the reports of three of the participants, which enabled the development of attempts at anti-racist and anti-sexist practices. In conclusion, exploring psychology actions aimed at promoting the health of black women and that can associate theory with practice is still necessary.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the main aspects that constitute the performance experience, as well as to examine the contributions of speculative-pragmatism to the renewal of the field of sociology of art. The text is structured in three parts: 1) a contextualization of the work within the scope of the research project Protocols for the Musealization of Performative Actions in Public Art Museums and its problematic from the sociological point of view; 2) a definition of the concept of experience; 3) verification of the analytical yield of this concept for research in performance arts. As a main conclusion, the text sought to systematize the ways in which pragmatic-speculative sociology may provide access to the complex networks of actors and social practices involved in contemporary artistic production.

Résumé: Ce texte vise à analyser les principaux aspects qui constituent l’expérience performatique, ainsi que les apports du pragmatisme spéculatif au renouvellement du champ de la sociologie de l’art. Le texte est structuré en trois parties: 1) contextualisation du travail dans le cadre du projet de recherche Protocoles de muséalisation des actions performatiques dans des musées publics d’art et sa problématique du point de vue sociologique; 2) définition du concept d'expérience; 3) vérification de l’efficience analytique de ce concept pour la recherche en art performatique. Comme conclusion centrale, il s’agit dans ce texte de systématiser les formes mises en oeuvre par la sociologie pragmatique spéculative qui permettent de donner accès aux réseaux d’acteurs et de pratiques sociales complexes engagés dans la production artistique contemporaine.

Resumo: O texto pretende analisar os principais aspectos que constituem a experiência performática, bem como analisar as contribuições do pragmatismo-especulativo para renovação do campo da sociologia da arte. O texto estrutura-se em três partes: 1) contextualização do trabalho no âmbito do projeto de pesquisa Protocolos de musealização de ações performáticas em museus públicos de arte e a sua problemática desde o ponto de vista sociológico; 2) definição do conceito de experiência; 3) verificação do rendimento analítico desse conceito para a pesquisa em arte performática. Como conclusão central, o texto buscou sistematizar as maneiras pelas quais a sociologia pragmática-especulativa pode fornecer acesso às complexas redes de atores e práticas sociais envolvidas na produção artística contemporânea.

Abstract This article aims to analyze how psychologists who work in primary care, perceive the influence of the psychosocial effects of racism and sexism in their practices and in the health and care process provided to black women. This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory character, following the critical social psychology framework. A theoretical-methodological survey was carried out about the main subjects, as well as the production of the data collection instrument and the semi-structured interviews. The study included eight psychologists who serve the female public and work in the primary care network in the municipality of Salvador (BA). Data were analyzed by the hermeneutic-dialectical method. Most perceptions were associated with the biologizing issue of race/color and the notion of care aimed at the universalist view of the subject, which implied the absence of actions aimed at promoting the health of black women. However, the intersectional perception and racial literacy were observed in the reports of three of the participants, which enabled the development of attempts at anti-racist and anti-sexist practices. In conclusion, exploring psychology actions aimed at promoting the health of black women and that can associate theory with practice is still necessary.

Resumo Este artigo objetiva analisar como as psicólogas atuantes na atenção básica percebem a influência dos efeitos psicossociais do racismo e do sexismo em suas práticas e no processo de saúde e cuidado prestado às mulheres negras. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, seguindo a perspectiva da psicologia social crítica. Foi realizado um levantamento teórico-metodológico sobre os temas relevantes, assim como a produção do instrumento de coleta de dados e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram do estudo oito psicólogas que atendem o público feminino e trabalham na rede de atenção básica da cidade de Salvador (BA). Os dados foram analisados pelo método hermenêutico-dialético. Nota-se que a maioria das percepções foi associada à questão biologizante da raça/cor e à noção de cuidado voltado à visão universalista do sujeito, o que implicou a ausência de ações direcionadas à promoção da saúde de mulheres negras. Contudo, observou-se a percepção interseccional e o letramento racial nos relatos de três das participantes, o que possibilitou o desenvolvimento de tentativas de práticas antirracistas e antissexistas. Conclui-se que ainda se faz necessário explorar ações da psicologia que visem à promoção da saúde de mulheres negras e que possam associar a teoria com a prática.

Abstract To evaluate the performance of MALDI-TOF MS system as a tool for identification and differentiation of Burkholderia cenocepacia from other species of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). Fifty-three suggestive colonies were submitted to the MALDI-TOF Microflex LT 4.0® (Bruker Daltonik, Bremen, Germany) system for identification. We compared two protocols of protein extraction: (A) Direct Method and (B) Tube Extraction. In parallel, all isolates were subjected to molecular diagnosis (primers for recA gene) to identify species belonging to Bcc and to differentiate B. cenocepacia in genomovar IIIA or IIIB. MALDI-TOF was able to identify all isolates to the genus level and 94.3% (50/53) to species using both methods. The MALDI-TOF system was able to identify 38 out of the 40 isolates identified as B. cenocepacia by molecular techniques. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF Microflex LT 4.0® is a feasible technique and presents a low cost of reagents; it can be used for the reliable differentiation of B. cenocepacia from other species of Bcc.

ABSTRACT Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), also known as “black esophagus,” is an entity characterized by the circumferential black appearance of esophageal mucosa, usually associated with hypoperfusion and gastric outlet obstruction. This entity has a reported prevalence of up to 0.2%, affecting predominantly elderly men with multiple comorbidities. Most cases resolve with conservative treatment with no need of surgical intervention. However, the overall prognosis is poor, with mortality reaching one-third of cases due to the patient’s underlying illness. In this article we present three cases of patients with AEN.

Os comportamentos alimentares têm vindo a alterar-se ao longo dos anos, tendo-se verificado um maior interesse pelo padrão alimentar vegetariano, por parte de adultos mas também de crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os motivos que provocam uma adesão ao padrão alimentar vegetariano e identificar os efeitos sobre a saúde deste padrão alimentar nas crianças e adolescentes. Alguns dos motivos que podem levar as crianças e adolescentes a adotarem por um padrão alimentar vegetariano podem ser por questões de saúde, ambientais, religiosas ou éticas. O padrão alimentar em questão apresenta alguns benefícios para a saúde, nomeadamente na prevenção de doenças como a obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo 2 e cancro. Por fim, o padrão alimentar vegetariano, se for corretamente planeado, pode fornecer as necessidades nutricionais de crianças e adolescentes. Contudo, se não for bem planeado pode originar défices nutricionais, comprometendo o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados nestas faixas etárias.

Eating behaviors have been changing over the years and there has been a greater interest in the vegetarian dietary pattern by adults but also by children and adolescents. The aim of this paper is to identify the reasons for adhering to the vegetarian dietary pattern and to identify the health effects of this dietary pattern on children and adolescents. Some of the reasons that may lead children and adolescents to adopt a vegetarian dietary pattern may be for health, environmental, religious or ethical reasons. The dietary pattern in question has some health benefits including the prevention of diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Finally, the vegetarian dietary pattern, if properly planned, can provide the nutritional needs of children and adolescents. However, if not well planned can lead to nutritional deficits, compromising proper growth and development in these age groups.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar coeficientes de desagregação para chuvas intensas diárias do posto E2-046, situado em Caraguatatuba - SP. Os dados obtidos por meio do pluviógrafo se referem a um período contínuo (31 anos de série) e possuem forte correlação com as leituras do pluviômetro, validando as leituras do pluviógrafo, o que atribuiu maior confiabilidade aos resultados. O coeficiente médio “24 horas”/“1 dia” encontrado para a região de estudo foi 1,075, o qual difere dos valores encontrados na literatura. O desvio relativo considerando outras durações, e consequentemente outros coeficientes de precipitação, em relação à média da literatura chegou a 22,06% (18 horas/“24 horas”). O desvio relativo de coeficientes de desagregação para pequenas durações do posto estudado em relação à média de coeficientes para as cidades do Estado de São Paulo foi bastante elevado, atingindo quase 50% (10 minutos/“24 horas”). Tais desvios reforçam a necessidade de utilização de coeficientes de desagregação locais.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to present disaggregation coefficients for intense daily rainfalls for E2-046 rainfall station, located at Caraguatatuba, São Paulo state. The data obtained through rain gauge refer to a continuous period (31 years of series) and had a strong correlation with the measurements of the rain gauge, validating the pluviographs reading, which attributed greater reliability to the results. The average coefficient “24 hours”/“1-day” found for the study region was 1.075, which differs significantly from the values found in literature. The relative deviation considering other durations, and consequently other precipitation coefficients in relation to the mean values of the disaggregation values of the E2-046 station reached 22.06% (18 hours/“24 hours”). The relative deviation of rainfall disaggregation coefficients of the station studied in relation to the mean coefficients for the cities of São Paulo State to small durations was quite high, reaching almost 50% (10 minutes /“24 hours”). This reinforces the need of using local disaggregation coefficients.

Abstract In 1990, the first Teratogen Information Service in Brazil (SIAT) was implemented in the Medical Genetics Service at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. SIAT is a free-to-use information service both to health professionals and the general population, especially to women who are pregnant or planning pregnancy. The main objective of this paper is to present the activities of SIAT in its initial years (1990-2006), compared to those in the last decade (2007-2017). In addition we review the scientific contribution of SIAT in the field of human teratogenesis. Since 1990, SIAT received 10,533 calls. Use of medications were the main reason for concern, accounting for 74% of all questions, followed by other chemical exposures (occupational, cosmetics, environmental), and maternal infectious diseases. Among its main contributions to scientific knowledge was the collaboration for the identification of two new human teratogens: misoprostol in the 1990s and Zika virus in 2015/16. In conclusion, SIAT is still evolving, as is the Medical Genetics Service that hosts it. Through its 27 years of existence more than 300 undergraduate and graduate students have rotated at SIAT. Presently, SIAT is expanding the research to experimental teratogenesis and to investigation of molecular mechanisms of teratogens.

ABSTRACT For the implementation of cellulosic ethanol technology, the maximum use of lignocellulosic materials is important to increase efficiency and to reduce costs. In this context, appropriate use of the pentose released by hemicellulose hydrolysis could improve de economic viability of this process. Since the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to ferment the pentose, the search for pentose-fermenting microorganisms could be an alternative. In this work, the isolation of yeast strains from decaying vegetal materials, flowers, fruits and insects and their application for assimilation and alcoholic fermentation of xylose were carried out. From a total of 30 isolated strains, 12 were able to assimilate 30 g L-1 of xylose in 120 h. The strain Candida tropicalis S4 produced 6 g L-1 of ethanol from 56 g L-1 of xylose, while the strain C. tropicalis E2 produced 22 g L-1 of xylitol. The strains Candida oleophila G10.1 and Metschnikowia koreensis G18 consumed significant amount of xylose in aerobic cultivation releasing non-identified metabolites. The different materials in environment were source for pentose-assimilating yeast with variable metabolic profile.

CONTEXTO:el aumento de la incidencia y prevalencia de la demencia es un problema importante de salud pública, lo que implica una mayor atención a los cuidadores familiares sendo esencial la identificacion de las necesidades. OBJETIVO(S): identificar las principales necesidades de los cuidadores familiares de personas con demencia a vivir en casa. METODOLOGÍA: revisión integradora de la literatura, a través de Pubmed, RCAAP, CINAHL, Mediclatina y Medline, utilizando como descriptores: familiares cuidadores, evaluación de las necesidades de atención de salud, demencia y ancianos. La pesquisa incluyó publicaciones entre 2005 y 2015 y los artículos 8 identificados para su revisión que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. RESULTADOS: el análisis de los datos recogidos nos ha permitido identificar las necesidades de los cuidadores familiares y las enumerar en tres grupos: i) los requisitos relacionados con el cuidador familiar; ii) Requisitos relativos al papel de cuidador y iii) los requisitos relacionados con el contexto de la atención. CONCLUSIONES: fue posible identificar y organizar las necesidades de estos cuidadores en una lista, que pueden servir como base para la planificación de la atención de profesionales de la salud y el desarrollo de servicios de apoyo a los cuidadores familiares.

CONTEXTO: o aumento da incidência e da prevalência da demência constituem um problema significativo de saúde pública, o que implica uma maior atenção às necessidades dos cuidadores familiares, sendo essencial identifica-las. OBJETIVO: identificar as principais necessidades dos cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência a residir no domicílio. METODOLOGIA: revisão integrativa da literatura, através das bases de dados Pubmed, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Mediclatina e Medline, utilizando como descritores: cuidadores familiares, avaliação das necessidades de cuidados de saúde, demência e idoso. A pesquisa incluiu publicações entre 2005 e 2015, sendo identificados 8 artigos para revisão que obedeciam aos critérios de inclusão. RESULTADOS: a análise dos dados recolhidos permitiu identificar as necessidades dos cuidadores familiares e elenca-las em três grandes grupos: i) necessidades relacionadas com o cuidador familiar; ii) necessidades relacionadas com o papel de cuidador e iii) necessidades relacionadas com o contexto do cuidar. CONCLUSÕES: foi possível identificar e reunir as necessidades destes cuidadores numa lista, o que pode servir de base para o planeamento dos cuidados dos profissionais de saúde e para o desenvolvimento de serviços de suporte para os cuidadores familiares.

BACKGROUND: the increased incidence and prevalence of dementia is a significant public health problem, which implies greater attention to the needs of family caregivers, and it is essential to identify them. AIM: to identify the main needs of family caregivers of people with dementia living at home. METHODS: integrative review, through the databases Pubmed, RCAAP, CINHAL, Mediclatina and Medline, using as descriptors: family caregivers, health care needs assessment, dementia and aged. The research included publications between 2005 and 2015, with 8 articles being reviewed because that met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: the analysis of the data collected allowed the identification of the needs of family caregivers and categorized them into three main groups: i) needs related to the family caregiver; ii) needs related to the role of caregiver and iii) needs related to the context of caring. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to identify and match the needs of these caregivers in a list, which can serve as a basis for health care provider planning and for the development of support services for family caregivers.

O Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) entrou na sua segunda década de funcionamento e estabeleceu-se no centro de um sistema de justiça penal internacional e de proteção dos direitos humanos que também inclui jurisdições nacionais e outros tribunais internacionais. No entanto, o TPI continua a enfrentar vários desafios que resultam das suas próprias características e decorrem das especificidades do direito e das relações internacionais. Neste artigo examinamos, à luz de acontecimentos recentes, quatro desses desafios: 1) universalidade; 2) complementaridade; 3) cooperação; e 4) o crime de agressão. Esses desafios ilustram a forma como o TPI e a justiça penal internacional habitam tanto nas esferas da justiça como da política e como estes dois aspetos devem ser tidos em consideração para que esses desafios sejam superados, de modo a que a missão de um instrumento permanente e central para a luta contra a impunidade, que historicamente começou em Roma em 1998, se torne uma parte inerente do mundo atual.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has entered into its second decade of operations and has established itself at the centre of an international criminal justice system and protection of human rights, comprising also domestic jurisdictions and other international courts and tribunals. However, many challenges continue to face the ICC and, indeed, such challenges are part of its own features and stem from the specificities of international law and relations. In this article we shall discuss, in light of recent events, four of such challenges: 1) universality; 2) complementarity; 3) cooperation; and 4) the crime of aggression. These challenges illustrate how the ICC and international criminal justice inhabit both the spheres of justice and politics and how these two aspects have to be taken into account in order for such challenges to be overcome, so that the mission of a permanent and central instrument for the fight against impunity, that historically started in Rome in 1998, becomes an inherent part of today's world.

Abstract Citrus canker, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), is one of the most devastating diseases to affect citrus crops. There is no treatment for citrus canker; effective control against the spread of Xac is usually achieved by the elimination of affected plants along with that of asymptomatic neighbors. An in depth understanding of the pathogen is the keystone for understanding of the disease; to this effect we are committed to the development of strategies to ease the study of Xac. Genome sequencing and annotation of Xac revealed that ∼37% of the genome is composed of hypothetical ORFs. To start a systematic characterization of novel factors encoded by Xac, we constructed integrative-vectors for protein expression specific to this bacterium. The vectors allow for the production of TAP-tagged proteins in Xac under the regulation of the xylose promoter. In this study, we show that a TAP-expression vector, integrated into the amy locus of Xac, does not compromise its virulence. Furthermore, our results also demonstrate that the polypeptide TAP can be overproduced in Xac and purified from the soluble phase of cell extracts. Our results substantiate the use of our vectors for protein expression in Xac thus contributing a novel tool for the characterization of proteins and protein complexes generated by this bacterium in vivo.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do uso do aditivo ractopamina sobre os rendimentos dos cortes e a qualidade da carne suína (pH, cor, marmoreio e capacidade de retenção de água). Para os testes, foram utilizados 25 suínos alimentados com 7,5ppm de ractopamina na dieta e 25 suínos sem utilização deste aditivo. Os cortes foram obtidos através do fracionamento da carcaça em partes, sendo elas: pernil, paleta, sobrepaleta, barriga com costela e carré. Para os testes de rendimento de cortes padrão exportação, foram utilizadas 30 carcaças, sendo 15 de cada tratamento. Os resultados dos cortes de pernil e paleta foram expressos pela relação ao peso do corte preparado no padrão comercial, com relação ao peso da parte inteira obtida no momento que antecede a desossa. A utilização de Ractopamina na dieta promoveu redução no rendimento de toucinho de paleta (7,32%) e toucinho de carré (11,85%) e aumento no rendimento de carré sem toucinho (3,9%). Nos cortes padrão comercial (com a separação de ossos e gorduras), observou-se maior rendimento no pernil (7,46%) e na paleta (9,03%) com o uso do aditivo. Em relação à qualidade da carne, observou-se que o uso de ractopamina na dieta não teve influência sobre a cor e capacidade de retenção de água e teve influência sobre a redução do marmoreio da carne e pH final. Desta forma, a utilização de ractopamina na dieta suína tem influência sobre o rendimento dos cortes padrão comercial e redução da gordura na carcaça, não exercendo influência negativa sobre a qualidade da carne suína.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the additive ractopamine on the cuts yield and pork meat quality (pH, color, marbling and water holding capacity). For testing it was used 25 porks fed with 7.5ppm of ractopamine f and 25 porks without use of the additive. The cuts were obtained by fractionation of carcass in parts, which are: ham palette, upper palette, belly with rib and loin. To yield of standard export cuts it was used 30 carcasses, 15 of each treatment . The results of ham cuts and palette were expressed by the weight of the cut prepared in commercial standard, in relation of the weight of the entire piece obtained at the time before boning. The use of ractopamine in diet induced a reduction in yield of bacon palette (7.32%) and bacon loin (11.85%) and an increase in the yield of loin without fat (3.9%). In standard commercial cuts (with separation of bone and fat) it was observed higher yield shank (7.46%) and palette (9.03%) with the use of the additive. Regarding the quality of the meat, it was observed that the use of ractopamine in the diet had no influence on the color and water retention capacity and had influence on the reduction of marbling and the final pH. Thus, the use of ractopamine in pork diet influences the performance of commercial standard cuts and reduced carcass fat, not exerting negative influence on the quality of pork.

Twenty-seven thermophilic and thermotolerant fungal strains were isolated from soil, decaying organic matter and sugarcane piles based on their ability to grow at 45ºC on medium containing corn straw and cardboard as carbon sources. These fungi were identified in the genera Aspergillus, Thermomyces, Myceliophthora, Thermomucor and Candida. The majority of the isolated strains produced xylanase and cellulases under solid state fermentation (SSF). The highest cellulase and xylanase productions were obtained by the cultivation of the strains identified as Aspergillus fumigatus M.7.1 and Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7. The enzymes from these strains exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.0 and at 60 and 70ºC. The endo-glucanase from A. fumigatus was stable from 40ºC to 65ºC and both endo-glucanase and xylanase from M. thermophila were stable in this temperature range when in absence of substrate. The enzymes were stable from pH 4.0 to 9.0.