Abstract The knowledge of tree attributes of the genus Copaifera sp. (copaiba), such as the height of the trunks, helps to estimate the productive potential of oleoresin and to propose more suitable ways of handling, aiming at optimizing production. This research aimed to test hypsometric equations and deterministic methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate the total heights levels of the trunks of 31 copaiba trees of the Western Brazilian Amazon, at unknown ages. However, the ANN correlation coefficients obtained were greater than 0,99, demonstrating that they are appropriate for the estimation of height level (h100%). Among the ANN architectures, ANN 3 with 2 neurons in the hidden layer stood out. The application of ANN to estimate the total height of the trunk of Copaifera sp. native trees is a viable tool that can contribute to optimize modeling of the different important aspects to determine the productive potential of oleoresin.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala desenvolvida para avaliar a satisfação/insatisfação com o corpo quando aplicada em uma amostra de estudantes universitários brasileiros. Métodos A validade de construto da escala foi estimada a partir de análise fatorial confirmatória. Os índices Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) e Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) foram utilizados. A variância extraída média (VEM), a confiabilidade composta (CC) e o coeficiente alfa ordinal também foram calculados. Todas as estimativas foram calculadas para as amostras feminina e masculina. Participaram 1.000 estudantes (mulheres = 64,0%). A média de idade para a amostra total foi de 20,92 [desvio-padrão (DP) = 2,40] anos e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio foi de 23,24 (DP = 3,97) kg/m2. Resultados A estrutura unifatorial original da escala composta por 24 itens não apresentou ajustamento adequado. Após modificações, o modelo bifatorial composto por 19 itens apresentou ajustamento adequado às amostras masculina e feminina (CFI = 0,922-0,958; TLI = 0,912-0,952; RMSEA = 0,090-0,096), bem como adequada validade convergente (VEM = 0,536-0,668) e confiabilidade (CC = 0,920-0,952; α = 0,916-0,948). Com a reestruturação do modelo fatorial, a denominação “Escala de (In)satisfação com a Aparência Corporal” foi apresentada e a sigla BAS-R foi adotada. Conclusão A partir desses indicadores, pesquisadores e clínicos poderão utilizar essa escala para levantar informações sobre a satisfação/insatisfação com o corpo em universitários.

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the Body Area Scale (BAS) applied to a sample of Brazilian university students to support the validity and reliability of the obtained data. Methods We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Comparative Fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). We calculated the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and ordinal alpha coefficient (α). All estimates were calculated separately for women and men. A thousand students participated (women = 64.0%, mean [M] age = 20.92, standard deviation [SD] = 2.40 years; body mass index (BMI) M = 23.24, SD = 3.97 kg/m2). Results Considering the CFA results, the original unifactorial model (24 items) did not fit data for women and men. Instead, the two-factorial model with 19 items had adequate fit for male and female samples (CFI = 0.922-0.958; TLI = 0.912-0.952; RMSEA = 0.090-0.096), as well as good convergent validity (AVE = 0.536-0.668) and reliability (CR = 0.920-0.952; α = 0.916-0.948). Once BAS was proposed to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with one’s own body, and considering the reformulation of the factorial model, we proposed a new name for the instrument: Body Appearance (Dis)Satisfaction Scale (BAS-R). Conclusion Professionals can now include the BAS-R in future protocols to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the body in Brazilian students.

ABSTRACT Background: Copaiba oil (Copaifera L.) is a raw material used by pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and energy industries. However, the difficulty in locating the oleoresin reservoirs, is an obstacle to its continued supply, affecting the sustainable commercialization of the product. So, the potential of impulse tomography for prospecting oleoresin reservoirs in the trunk of 18 Copaifera sp. trees was tested, in cross-sections at heights levels 0% (DBH), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (1st fork). The impulse tomography prospections (ITP) were performed only at the 0%, in others 12 trees, because of the risk associated with climbing hollow trees. In total 30 trees were tested. Altogether 102 tomograms were analyzed obtaining: average mechanical wave propagation speed (aMPS), minimum mechanical wave propagation speed (minS) and maximum mechanical wave propagation speed (maxS), prospecting height (Hp%) and total tree height (Ht), diameter at the Hp% (Dhp), and low speed mechanical wave propagation percentage areas (LSa%). These variables were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Results: The reservoirs were located exclusively at DBH and confirmed by borer prospection increment in 26.7% of the trees. ITP resulted in 37.3% of correct answers and 62.7% of errors, considering the 99 tomograms. However, it was found that the ITP is efficient to indicate sections for which no significant reservoir or hollow presence is expected to be found. The analysis of the main components showed that, except for Ht, the components are good indicators for the location of the reservoirs. Conclusion: We were able to use tomography to search reservoirs with a significant amount of oleoresin, identify hollow trees, and indicate the exclusion of trees that do not have reservoirs or other alterations.

Abstract Wood quality is related to the characteristics and properties of this material. Understanding the factors that can impact the wood formation is fundamental in the indications for use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different planting densities on the wood quality and the radial profile on some physical and anatomical characteristics of young trees of Tectona grandis. Nine trees were evaluated in three planting densities: 6 x 2 m; 5 x 2 m; and 4 x 2 m. All trees were subjected to analysis of acoustic tomography, X-ray densitometry, and fiber characterization. Multivariate associations between the variables of interest were evaluated according to the planting spacing and the radial profile by principal component analysis. The results indicated that the wood characteristics of young teak trees are influenced, mainly, by the radial variation (pith-bark).

RESUMO: A exposição inadequada do sistema reprodutor feminino a esteróides em períodos do desenvolvimento uterino pode inibir parcialmente o desenvolvimento das glândulas endometriais em cães. Entretanto, não se conhece os efeitos dos esteróides sobre a funcionalidade das glândulas formadas, bem como a possível ocorrência de fibrose endometrial. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade secretória das glândulas endometriais de cadelas pré-púberes submetidas a protocolo de ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina. Foram utilizadas 16 fêmeas, sem-raça-definida, distribuídas nos grupos MPA (n=8), fêmeas que receberam aplicações de acetato de medroxiprogesterona a cada 3 semanas, e C (n=8), fêmeas controle não tratadas. Aos seis meses de idade, foi realizada ovariohisterectomia em todos os animais, e avaliados os cornos uterinos pelo exame histológico e de histoquímica. Para avaliar a intensidade de secreção (graus 1-4), foram utilizadas periodic acid-Schiff e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Para a avaliação histológica foram utilizados tricrômico de Masson e azul de toluidina. Apenas marcações graus 1 e 2 foram observadas para PAS em ambos os grupos, sem diferença na intensidade de secreção uterina entre grupos com relação aos graus encontrados. Entretanto, o grupo MPA apresentou maior intensidade de secreção uterina em relação ao grupo C (p<0,05). Com relação ao AB pH 2,5, em ambos os grupos também foram encontradas apenas marcações de graus 1 e 2, sem diferença estatística entre grupos. Não foram observadas marcações para a coloração de tricrômico de Masson na região periglandular, em ambos os grupos. Foi observada maior quantidade de mastócitos presentes no útero na região do miométrio, em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que cadelas pré-púberes com ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina apresentam mínima atividade secretória uterina, ausência de fibrose periglandular e maior presença de mastócitos no miométrio em relação ao endométrio.

ABSTRACT: Inadequate exposure of the female reproductive system to steroids in uterine developmental periods can partially inhibit the development of endometrial glands in dogs. However, the effects of steroids on the formed glands functionality remain unknown, as well as the possible occurrence of endometrial fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the secretory activity of endometrial glands in prebubertal female dogs submitted to a protocol of partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis. Sixteen females of non-specific breed were distributed into two groups; MPA (n=8), females that received applications of medroxyprogesterone acetate every 3 weeks; and C (n=8) untreated control females. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in all animals at the age of 6 months and evaluated the uterine horns by histological and histochemistry exams. The secretion intensity (degrees 1-4) was evaluated using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5. Histological evaluation was performed using Masson’s trichrome and toluidine blue. Only degree 1 and 2 marks for PAS were observed in both groups, with no difference of uterine secretion intensity between the groups regarding the degrees found. However, the MPA group revealed higher intensity of uterine secretion compared to group C (p<0.05). Staining with AB pH 2.5 also revealed only degree 1 and 2 marks in both groups, with no statistically significance between them. Masson’s trichrome staining revealed no marks in the periglandular region in both groups. A higher among of mast cells was observed in the myometrial region of the uterus in both groups. Prepubertal female dogs with partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis present minimal uterine secretory activity, absence of periglandular fibrosis and increased presence of mast cells in the myometrium compared to endometrium.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar as características psicométricas da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) para universitários e comparar as prevalências de depressão, ansiedade e estresse segundo o sexo. Métodos: Avaliou-se o ajustamento da DASS-21 aos dados por análise confirmatória utilizando os índices razão de qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (χ2/gl), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) e Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). As prevalências de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foram calculadas e comparadas segundo o sexo. Resultados: Participaram 1.042 estudantes [idades entre 18 e 35 anos, com média de 21,13 anos (desvio-padrão = 2,81), 65,7% mulheres]. O ajustamento da DASS-21 à amostra foi adequado (χ2/gl = 5,83; CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,07), contudo o item 2 apresentou baixo peso fatorial, sendo, portanto, excluído (χ2/gl = 6,05; CFI = 0,98; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,07). Em relação ao grau de acometimento dos estudantes pela depressão, ansiedade e estresse, verificou-se que 4,7%, 1,7% e 4,5% dos estudantes apresentaram, respectivamente, escores moderados a extremamente severos. Não houve diferença significativa entre as prevalências dos estados emocionais avaliados segundo o sexo. Conclusão: A DASS-21 apresentou adequada validade e confiabilidade para amostra. A prevalência de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foi semelhante entre homens e mulheres, apontando para a necessidade de um olhar igualitário na investigação desses estados emocionais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) among Brazilian university students and to compare the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress between men and women. Methods: The DASS-21's fit was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis using the chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (χ2/df), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). A second-order hierarchical model was tested (Negative Affectivity). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was calculated and compared by sex. Results: Participants comprised 1,042 university students [aged 18 to 35 years (mean = 21.13; standard deviation = 2.81 years) 65.7% women]. The DASS-21's goodness of fit was adequate (χ2/df = 5.83; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.07). However, item 2 presented low factorial weight and was excluded (χ2/df = 6.05; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.07). The study verified that 4.7%, 1.7%, and 4.5% of students presented moderate to extremely severe scores of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. There was no significant difference between men and women in the prevalence of the emotional aspects assessed. Conclusion: The DASS-21 demonstrated adequate validity and reliability in a sample of university students. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress did not differ significantly between men and women, which points to the need for an egalitarian view in the investigation of these emotional states.

Resumo: O objetivo foi investigar a frequência com que os adolescentes brasileiros realizam as refeições com os pais e verificar a associação deste hábito com a qualidade da dieta. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - 2015 (PeNSE). A amostra foi composta por adolescentes matriculados no nono ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas, com idades entre 11 e 19 anos. A exposição de interesse foi realizar refeições com os pais (0-4 e ≥ 5 dias/semana) e os desfechos estudados foram consumo frequente (≥ 5 dias/semana) de alimentos marcadores de alimentação saudável e não saudável. Escores de alimentação saudável (variação 0-21) e não saudável (variação 0-35) foram elaborados com base no somatório dos dias que o adolescente relatou consumir cada um dos marcadores de alimentação. Foram usados modelos de regressão de Poisson e linear, ajustados por variáveis sociodemográficas. A realização frequente de refeições com os pais (≥ 5 dias/semana) foi observada em 74% (IC95%: 73,4-74,7) dos adolescentes. Aqueles que afirmaram ter esse hábito apresentaram maior probabilidade do consumo frequente de feijão (RP = 1,22; IC95%: 1,19-1,26), frutas (RP = 1,34; IC95%: 1,28-1,39) e hortaliças (RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,34-1,44); e menor probabilidade de consumo frequente de guloseimas (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,88-0,94), ultraprocessados salgados (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,87-0,94) e salgados fritos (RP = 0,85; IC95%: 0,80-0,90). Realizar as refeições com os pais foi positivamente associado ao escores de alimentação saudável e inversamente associado ao escores de alimentação não saudável. O hábito de realizar refeições com os pais é frequente entre adolescentes brasileiros e está associado à melhor qualidade da alimentação.

Abstract: The objective was to investigate how often Brazilian adolescents eat meals with their parents and verify the association between this habit and quality of the diet. Data were from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE-2015). The sample consisted of adolescents enrolled in the ninth grade in public and private schools, ranging in age from 11 to 19 years. The target exposure was eating meals with parents (0-4 and ≥ 5 days/week) and the outcomes were frequent consumption (≥ 5 days/week) of healthy and unhealthy dietary markers. Healthy diet scores (range 0-21) and unhealthy diet scores (range 0-35) were based on total days that the adolescent reported consuming each of the dietary markers. Poisson and linear regression models were used, adjusted by sociodemographic variables. Frequent sharing of meals with parents (≥ 5 days/week) was seen in 74% (95%CI: 73.4-74.7) of the adolescents. Those reporting this habit showed higher likelihood of frequent consumption of beans (PR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.19-1.26), fruits (PR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.28-1.39), and vegetables (PR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.34-1.44), and lower likelihood of frequent consumption of sweets (PR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.88-0.94), ultra-processed salty foods (PR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.87-0.94), and fried salty snacks (PR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.80-0.90). Eating meals with parents was positively associated with healthy diet scores and inversely associated with unhealthy diet scores . Eating meals with parents is a common habit in Brazilian adolescents and is associated with better quality of diet.

Resumen: El objetivo fue investigar la frecuencia con la que los adolescentes brasileños comen con los padres y verificar la asociación de este hábito con la calidad de la dieta. Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar - 2015 (PeNSE). La muestra estaba compuesta por adolescentes matriculados en el noveno año de enseñanza fundamental de escuelas públicas y privadas, con edades entre 11 y 19 años. La exposición de interés fue realizar comidas con los padres (0-4 y ≥ 5 días/semana) y los resultados estudiados fueron consumo frecuente (≥ 5 días/semana) de alimentos marcadores de alimentación saludable y no saludable. Los marcadores de alimentación saludable (variación 0-21) y no saludable (variación 0-35) se elaboraron basándose en el sumatorio de los días en los que el adolescente informó consumir cada uno de los marcadores de alimentación. Se usaron modelos de regresión de Poisson y lineales, ajustados por variables sociodemográficas. La realización frecuente de comidas con los padres (≥ 5 días/semana) se observó en un 74% (IC95%: 73,4-74,7) de los adolescentes. Aquellos que afirmaron tener ese hábito presentaron una mayor probabilidad de consumo frecuente de frijoles (RP = 1,22; IC95%: 1,19-1,26), frutas (RP = 1,34; IC95%: 1,28-1,39) y hortalizas (RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,34-1,44); y menor probabilidad de consumo frecuente de golosinas (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,88-0,94), aperitivos ultraprocesados (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,87-0,94) y aperitivos fritos (RP = 0,85; IC95%: 0,80-0,90). Realizar las comidas con los padres estuvo positivamente asociado al marcadores de alimentación saludable e inversamente asociado al marcadores de alimentación no saludable. El hábito de realizar comidas con los padres es frecuente entre adolescentes brasileños y está asociado a una mejor calidad de la alimentación.

Resumo: O objetivo foi investigar a frequência com que os adolescentes brasileiros realizam as refeições com os pais e verificar a associação deste hábito com a qualidade da dieta. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - 2015 (PeNSE). A amostra foi composta por adolescentes matriculados no nono ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas, com idades entre 11 e 19 anos. A exposição de interesse foi realizar refeições com os pais (0-4 e ≥ 5 dias/semana) e os desfechos estudados foram consumo frequente (≥ 5 dias/semana) de alimentos marcadores de alimentação saudável e não saudável. Escores de alimentação saudável (variação 0-21) e não saudável (variação 0-35) foram elaborados com base no somatório dos dias que o adolescente relatou consumir cada um dos marcadores de alimentação. Foram usados modelos de regressão de Poisson e linear, ajustados por variáveis sociodemográficas. A realização frequente de refeições com os pais (≥ 5 dias/semana) foi observada em 74% (IC95%: 73,4-74,7) dos adolescentes. Aqueles que afirmaram ter esse hábito apresentaram maior probabilidade do consumo frequente de feijão (RP = 1,22; IC95%: 1,19-1,26), frutas (RP = 1,34; IC95%: 1,28-1,39) e hortaliças (RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,34-1,44); e menor probabilidade de consumo frequente de guloseimas (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,88-0,94), ultraprocessados salgados (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,87-0,94) e salgados fritos (RP = 0,85; IC95%: 0,80-0,90). Realizar as refeições com os pais foi positivamente associado ao escores de alimentação saudável e inversamente associado ao escores de alimentação não saudável. O hábito de realizar refeições com os pais é frequente entre adolescentes brasileiros e está associado à melhor qualidade da alimentação.

Abstract: The objective was to investigate how often Brazilian adolescents eat meals with their parents and verify the association between this habit and quality of the diet. Data were from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE-2015). The sample consisted of adolescents enrolled in the ninth grade in public and private schools, ranging in age from 11 to 19 years. The target exposure was eating meals with parents (0-4 and ≥ 5 days/week) and the outcomes were frequent consumption (≥ 5 days/week) of healthy and unhealthy dietary markers. Healthy diet scores (range 0-21) and unhealthy diet scores (range 0-35) were based on total days that the adolescent reported consuming each of the dietary markers. Poisson and linear regression models were used, adjusted by sociodemographic variables. Frequent sharing of meals with parents (≥ 5 days/week) was seen in 74% (95%CI: 73.4-74.7) of the adolescents. Those reporting this habit showed higher likelihood of frequent consumption of beans (PR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.19-1.26), fruits (PR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.28-1.39), and vegetables (PR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.34-1.44), and lower likelihood of frequent consumption of sweets (PR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.88-0.94), ultra-processed salty foods (PR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.87-0.94), and fried salty snacks (PR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.80-0.90). Eating meals with parents was positively associated with healthy diet scores and inversely associated with unhealthy diet scores . Eating meals with parents is a common habit in Brazilian adolescents and is associated with better quality of diet.

Resumen: El objetivo fue investigar la frecuencia con la que los adolescentes brasileños comen con los padres y verificar la asociación de este hábito con la calidad de la dieta. Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar - 2015 (PeNSE). La muestra estaba compuesta por adolescentes matriculados en el noveno año de enseñanza fundamental de escuelas públicas y privadas, con edades entre 11 y 19 años. La exposición de interés fue realizar comidas con los padres (0-4 y ≥ 5 días/semana) y los resultados estudiados fueron consumo frecuente (≥ 5 días/semana) de alimentos marcadores de alimentación saludable y no saludable. Los marcadores de alimentación saludable (variación 0-21) y no saludable (variación 0-35) se elaboraron basándose en el sumatorio de los días en los que el adolescente informó consumir cada uno de los marcadores de alimentación. Se usaron modelos de regresión de Poisson y lineales, ajustados por variables sociodemográficas. La realización frecuente de comidas con los padres (≥ 5 días/semana) se observó en un 74% (IC95%: 73,4-74,7) de los adolescentes. Aquellos que afirmaron tener ese hábito presentaron una mayor probabilidad de consumo frecuente de frijoles (RP = 1,22; IC95%: 1,19-1,26), frutas (RP = 1,34; IC95%: 1,28-1,39) y hortalizas (RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,34-1,44); y menor probabilidad de consumo frecuente de golosinas (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,88-0,94), aperitivos ultraprocesados (RP = 0,91; IC95%: 0,87-0,94) y aperitivos fritos (RP = 0,85; IC95%: 0,80-0,90). Realizar las comidas con los padres estuvo positivamente asociado al marcadores de alimentación saludable e inversamente asociado al marcadores de alimentación no saludable. El hábito de realizar comidas con los padres es frecuente entre adolescentes brasileños y está asociado a una mejor calidad de la alimentación.

Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and P4VP/pentacyanoferrate(II) metallopolymer were used to suspend up to 1 mg mL-1 of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in ethanol/water mixtures, providing noncolavent decoration of MWCNT with electroactive iron complex. The major interaction between polymer side chains and nanotubes is via π-π stacking, rather than charge-transfer interaction reported for many nitrogenated interacting molecules. Preservation of structural integrity of the nanotubes after functionalization was attested by Raman, which was reflected in the semiconducting character of the dried nanocomposites. Proximity of pentacyanoferrate(II) to MWCNT walls was suggested by its solvatochromic shift of metal-to-ligand charge transfer band attributed to [Fe(CN)5]3− bound to P4VP pyridyl moieties. Electronic microscopy revealed smooth films and good adhesion between MWCNT bundles and the matrix. The procedure described herein can be used to combine unique properties of transition metal compounds able to coordinate to pyridyl groups, with the film-forming ability of P4VP and conductivity provided by MWCNT.

Knowledge of the effects of seed burial depth and the presence of straw on the soil surface on weed seedling emergence provides useful information for the development of weed management tactics. Buttonweed (Borreria densiflora DC.) is a troublesome weed that occurs in large infestations in soybean and sugarcane crops from north-central Brazil. This study investigated buttonweed emergence at different seed burial depths and straw amounts present on the soil surface. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions, under a factorial design between four seed burial depths and four amounts of surface straw. Percent seedling emergence and fresh biomass (g) were evaluated at twenty-five days after installation (DAI). Greater buttonweed emergence occurred in seeds that were placed on the soil surface either without surface straw or with up to 1,000 kg ha−1 of straw on the soil surface. With 4,000 kg ha−1 of surface straw, buttonweed emergence was prevented when seeds were placed at a depth of 0.5 cm or deeper in the soil. These data indicated emergence of this weed species was greater at depths near the soil surface and in soils with the least amounts of surface straw. Information generated in this study provides a starting point for the development of knowledge for understanding the biology of buttonweed emergence and its population dynamics. Such information may be directly transmitted to growers and lays the groundwork for an integrated management approach for this weed species.

Objetivo Identificar a preocupação com a forma do corpo de estudantes de Farmácia-Bioquímica e sua relação com variáveis sociais e laborais e com o estado nutricional. Métodos Participaram 346 discentes com média de idade de 20,2 (DP = 2,4) anos, sendo 278 (80,3%) do sexo feminino. Utilizou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). As validades fatorial e convergente e a consistência interna (α) do BSQ foram estimadas. Utilizaram-se como índices de ajustamento o qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (χ2/gl), o Comparative Fit Index (CFI), o Normed Fit Index (NFI) e o Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). O escore médio de preocupação com a forma do corpo foi obtido por meio de algoritmo gerado na análise fatorial confirmatória. Para comparar os escores médios segundo as variáveis de interesse, utilizou-se Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Resultados O BSQ apresentou, para a amostra de estudo, adequada validade (χ2/gl = 3,29; CFI = 0,87, NFI = 0,82, RMSEA = 0,08) e confiabilidade (α = 0,97) após ajustamento. Verificou-se que as mulheres (p < 0,001) apresentaram maior preocupação com a forma do corpo que os homens. Além disso, os estudantes que avaliaram o curso como pior que as expectativas iniciais (p = 0,048), que consomem medicamentos por causa dos estudos (p < 0,001), que já pensaram em desistir do curso (p = 0,002) e foram classificados com sobrepeso/obesidade (p < 0,001) também apresentaram alta preocupação com a forma do corpo. Conclusão As varáveis sexo, avaliação em relação ao curso, ingestão de medicamentos por causa dos estudos, pensamento em desistir do curso e o estado nutricional apresentaram relação significativa com a preocupação com a forma do corpo entre os estudantes.

Objective To determine the body shape concern among pharmacy-biochemistry students and its association with several social and labor variables and nutritional status. Methods A total of 346 students (80.3% female) with mean age 20.2 (SD = 2.4) years were asked to answer the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). The factorial and convergent validities and the internal consistencies (α) of the BSQ were calculated. The goodness-of-fit indices, the chi-square by degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df), the comparative fit index (CFI), the normed fit index (NFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were also used for data analysis. The mean score of body shape concern was estimated using an algorithm generated from the confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean scores with variables of interest. Results The BSQ presented adequate validity (χ2/df = 3.29; CFI = .87, NFI = .82, RMSEA = .08), and reliability (α = .97) after fit. Female students showed more body shape concern than male students (p < .001). Furthermore, the students who rated the course as dissatisfactory relative to their initial expectation (p = .048), consumed drugs under academic pressure (p < .001), thought about quitting the course (p = .002), and were overweight/obese (p < .001) also presented greater body shape concern. Conclusion The variables gender, dissatisfaction with the course, drug intake due to academic pressure, desire of quitting the course, and the nutritional status were significantly associated with the body shape concern among the participating students.

A catarata está entre as afecções oculares mais frequentes em cães, sendo a facoemulsificação o método que melhor se adequa à sua terapia. A opacidade de cápsula posterior (OCP) encontra-se entre as complicações mais comuns e se manifesta em semanas ou meses após a facectomia. Lentes intraoculares, empregadas na correção da hipermetropia pós-cirúrgica, contribuem para a prevenção das OCPs, especialmente as acrílicas dobráveis, com bordas truncadas ou quadradas. Entretanto, a sua implantação pode resultar na perda de células endoteliais. Com a pesquisa, propuseram-se avaliar a morfologia e a celularidade endoteliais, a microscopia especular de não contato, em pacientes afácicos e em pseudofácicos. Foram analisados a densidade celular, a área celular, o coeficiente de variação e o percentual de células hexagonais inter e entre os grupos. Ao longo dos momentos da avaliação, a densidade das células endoteliais não se alterou significativamente dentro dos grupos. Na comparação entre os grupos, ela foi maior nos pseudofácicos, em períodos que variaram de 7 a 30 dias, entretanto retornaram a valores próximos aos iniciais, tornando a diferença entre os dois grupos não significativa ao final da avaliação. Relativamente à área celular e ao coeficiente de variação, não houve diferença significativa, inter e entre os grupos. Houve diferença dentro dos grupos relativamente à hexagonalidade, com diminuição percentual após a facoemulsificação. As condições retornaram ao basal. Na comparação entre pacientes pseudofácicos e afácicos, houve diminuição nos pseudofácicos imediatamente à cirurgia.

Cataract is one of the most common ocular diseases in dogs, and phacoemulsification is considered its treatment of choice. Posterior capsular opacity (PCO) is a frequent complication and may occur weeks or months after the surgery. It is known that intraocular lenses (IOL) used for the correction of post-operative hypermetropia are an adjunctive aid in the prevention of PCOs, mainly the foldable acrylics designs with square and truncated edges. However, IOL placement may result in endothelial cell loss. This study evaluated the morphology and cellularity of the endothelium by non-contact specular microscopy in aphakic and pseudophakic dogs. Endothelial cell density, endothelial cell area, coefficient of variation and hexagonal cells percent were analyzed for each group and between groups. During all evaluation periods, endothelial cell density did not alter in any group. From days 7 to 30, endothelial cell density was higher in pseudophakic dogs. However, values returned to normal and, by the end of the study, no significant difference was observed. Cell area and variation coefficient did not differ in each group or between groups. Hexagonal cells percent significantly reduced after phacoemulsification in both groups. With time, this condition returned to initial values. When both groups were compared, hexagonal cells percent were decreased in the pseudophakic group, immediately after the surgeries.

Para evaluar los efectos cardiorespiratorios y los requerimientos de isofluorano en conejos sometidos a cirugía oftálmica tratados en diferentes momentos con tramadol, fue realizado un estudio prospectivo experimental de tipo ciego en 24 conejos distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos de ocho individuos cada uno: grupo tramadol preoperatorio (Tpre), grupo tramadol transoperatorio (Ttrans) y grupo tramadol postoperatorio (Tpos). Cada animal recibió tres inyecciones intramusculares de igual volumen en los periodos pre, intra y postoperatorio, conteniendo tramadol (4mg/kg) o NaCl 0,9%, de acuerdo al momento indicado para cada grupo. La inducción y mantenimiento anestésico fueron realizados con isofluorano en FiO2 1,0. Una vez estabilizado el plano anestésico, fue iniciado el procedimiento quirúrgico. Se evaluaron: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial media (PAM), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión de CO2 al final de la expiración (EtCO2), saturación parcial de oxihemoglobina (SpO2) y concentración de isofluorano al final de la expiración (EtISO). Las variables fueron medidas después de la estabilización anestésica (m1) y cada 10 min desde el inicio de la cirugía, hasta el final del experimento (m10 a m40). La FC, SpO2, f , EtCO2 y EtISO fueron similares entre grupos durante todo el tiempo. La PAM fue significativamente mayor (p<0,01) durante m1 comparada con el resto del tiempo y el grupo Tpre mostró valores inferiores (p=0,04) de este parámetro durante m1 con relación a los demás grupos. El clorhidrato de tramadol promueve la reducción transitoria de la presión arterial en conejos anestesiados con isofluorano y sometidos a cirugía oftálmica. La administración preoperatoria del fármaco no disminuye el requerimiento anestésico y resulta en hipotensión más pronunciada. Adicionalmente, la anestesia con isofluorano, asociada al reflejo óculo-cardiaco, generan hipotensión arterial, fenómeno que debe tenerse en cuenta durante cirugías oftalmológicas.

To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and isoflurane requirements of tramadol applied at different times during ophthalmic surgery, a blind prospective study was made in 24 rabbits, randomly divided into three groups of eight subjects each: pre-operatory tramadol group (Tpre), trans-operatory tramadol group (Ttrans) and post-operatory tramadol group (Tpos), which received three intramuscular injections of equal volume, in the pre, intra and post-operative period, containing tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg) or NaCl 0,9%, according to each group. Anesthetic induction and maintenance was made with isoflurane diluted FiO2 1.0. Once the anesthetic plane was stabilized, surgical procedure was started. Were evaluated heart rate (HR), medium arterial presseure (MAP), respiratory rate (f), end tidal CO2 (EtCO2), Oxihemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and end tidal isoflurane (EtISO). Variables were measured after anesthesia stabilization (m1) and every 10 min after onset of surgery, until the end of experimental protocol (m10 to m40). HR, SpO2, f, EtCO2 and EtISO were similar among groups at all times. MAP were significantly higher (p<0.01) in m1 than in other moments and Tpre group showed lower (p=0.04) values than the other groups at this moment. Tramadol hydrochloride promotes transient reduction of blood pressure in isoflurane anesthetized rabbits subjected to ophthalmic surgery. The preoperative administration of the drug does not reduce the anesthetic requirement and results in a more pronounced hypotension. Additionally, isoflurane anesthesia, associated to oculocardiac reflex generates a hypotension phenomenon that must be taken in to considertation during ophthalmologic surgeries.

Five hundred and four 1-day-old Cobb broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 18 treatments and fed a semi-purified basal diet (4 g/kg total phosphorus) supplemented with 2 levels of supplemental P (0.5 or 1 g/kg) during 21 days to evaluate performance and bone mineralization; to assess the relative bioavailability of P (RBP) in wheat meal (WM) and roasted (RS) or extruded soybean meal (ES), with or without phytase (0 or 750 ftu/kg diet), using dicalcium phosphate (DC) as standard; and to estimate phosphorus excretion. Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed to gain ratio (FG), and tibia ash weigh (AW) were assessed. For each source, the RBP was calculated by the slope ratio method, when tibia ash weight was regressed on P ingested. Ingested and fecal P was determined to calculate P intake, and P excretion and excretion rate. Phytase addition increased overall FI, WG, and FG ratio by 3.3, 2.6 and 0.8%, respectively, but differences were not significant. Overall AW was increased by 10.8% after the enzyme inclusion in the diets. The relative bioavailability of phosphorus values of tested WM, RS, and ES were increased by 6.32, 64.32, 76.99%, respectively, in response to supplementation of phytase in diets containing WM, RS, and ES, respectively. Phytase reduced P excretion by 12.7% and the excretion rate by 15.0%, regardless of the phosphorus source or level.

O cavalo, dado o seu meio ambiente, está sujeito a afecções frequentes da córnea e da conjuntiva, tecidos oculares bastante expostos a bactérias e fungos, principalmente Aspergillus spp. e Fusarium spp. As ceratites ulcerativas bacterianas e fúngicas, bem como as ceratites fúngicas não ulcerativas, caracterizadas principalmente pelo abscesso estromal, são frequentes nessa espécie. Ocorrida a lesão inicial, perpetua-se um ciclo vicioso, com liberação de citocinas inflamatórias, que desencadeiam uma rápida e severa infiltração corneal por células polimorfonucleares. A córnea torna-se sujeita à destruição por enzimas proteolíticas liberadas pelos micro-organismos e por células inflamatórias, capazes de desencadear a dissolução estromal e a perfuração do bulbo ocular. O tratamento clínico para a resolução da doença corneal e o controle da uveíte reflexa deve ser agressivo e associado, muitas das vezes, à terapia cirúrgica. Este artigo discorre sobre a fisiopatologia e o tratamento da ceratomicose em equinos.

Environmental and behavioral factors make horses susceptible to corneal and conjunctival lesions, since these structures are constantly exposed to bacteria and fungi specially Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. Bacterial and fungal ulcerative keratitis, as well as non-ulcerative fungal keratitis such as stromal abscess, are frequent in horses. A "cascade" effect follows the initial lesion which triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines followed by an acute and severe infiltrate of polymorphonuclear cells in the cornea. The cornea becomes susceptible to the activity of proteolytic enzymes released by microorganisms and polymorphonuclear cells, resulting in stromal degradation and ocular perforation. The medical treatment targeting the corneal disease and the controlling of reflexive uveitis should be aggressive and surgical therapy should be associated in most of the cases. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of keratomycosis in horses and specific aspects of the treatment in this species.