Resumen: El Síndrome de Tatton Brown Rahman (STBR) es un síndrome de sobrecrecimiento recientemente reportado, producido por variantes en el gen DNMT3A. La descripción de su fenotipo y diferencias con sus principales diagnósticos diferenciales se encuentran aún en desarrollo, con pocos sujetos de origen latinoamericano identificados. Objetivo: Describir un caso de STBR en un individuo de población chilena para ampliar el espectro fenotípico y genotípico de este nuevo síndrome. Caso Clínico: Escolar de 9 años diagnosticado con STBR a través de secuenciación completa de exoma (WES) en quién se identificó la variante DNMT3A: c.2311C > T, p. (Arg771*) no reportada previa mente en la literatura en individuos con la condición. Presentaba las principales características de este síndrome con sobrecrecimiento desde la etapa neonatal, discapacidad intelectual leve asociada a trastorno del espectro autista, ausencia de anomalías mayores en órganos internos y dismorfias características con facies tosca, cejas horizontalizadas e incisivos centrales superiores prominentes. Tuvo un electroencefalograma alterado con frecuente actividad epileptiforme interictal temporal iz quierda, sin historia de convulsiones, y resonancia magnética de cerebro normal. Además, presentaba una edad ósea avanzada, hallazgo común en otros síndromes de sobrecrecimiento pero no reportado con frecuencia en el STBR. El estudio genético de su hermana resultó normal y no se pudo realizar el estudio de segregación de la variante identificada en los padres. Conclusiones: El reporte de este caso contribuye a ampliar el espectro genotípico del síndrome y a la caracterización de las manifestaciones fenotípicas incluyendo individuos de distintas etnias, recalcando sus características más comunes y otras que dificultan su diagnóstico diferencial de otros síndromes de sobrecrecimiento.

Abstract: Tatton Brown Rahman Syndrome (TBRS) is a recently described overgrowth syndrome caused by variants in the DNMT3A gene. The description of its phenotype and the differences with its main differential diagnoses are still under development, with very few individuals of Latin American origin described to date. Objective: To describe a Chilean case of TBRS in order to broaden the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of this new syndrome. Clinical Case: 9-year-old boy diagnosed with TBRS through whole-exome sequencing (WES), which showed a variant in DNMT3A: c.2311C > T, p. (Arg771*) that has not been previously reported in the literature in individuals with the condition. He presented the main characteristics of this syndrome with overgrowth from the neonatal stage, mild intellectual disability associated with autism spectrum disorder, absence of major abnormalities in internal organs, and characteristic dysmorphism with coarse facies, horizontal eyebrows, and prominent upper central incisors. An EEG showed alterations due to frequent interictal epileptiform activity in the left temporal region, with no history of seizures, and normal brain MRI. In addition, he presented advanced bone age, a common finding in other overgrowth syndromes but not frequently reported in TBRS. A sister showed normal genetic study and the segregation study of the variant identified in the parents could not be performed. Conclusions: The report of this case broadens the genotypic spectrum of the syndrome and contributes to the characterization of the phenotypic manifestations including individuals of different ethnicities, emphasizing its most common characteristics and others that hinder its differential diagnosis from other overgrowth syndromes.

ABSTRACT La Moneda Palace, seat of the Chilean government, constitutes one of the oldest and most recognised National Historical Monuments in Chile, Located in the Typical Zone of the Barrio Cívico-Eje Bulnes-Parque Almagro, (civic neighbourhood). Throughout its more than 200 years of history, it has been witness and setting of various changes and historical continuities. This research proposes an analysis of the interventions carried out in the framework of the social outburst of October 2019, in the vicinity of La Moneda Palace and its Typical Zone, from the week of the 18th October to the last week of 2019. The aim is to characterise the interventions carried out in this Typical Zone and its relationship with this space, as the place where the government resides and establishes its power. This way, those who intervene this heritage site, thereby install a resignification and opinion of the values that consecrate it as such, accounting for of a critical relationship of the citizenship with the power, where the mere democratic or reconciliation discourse is not enough to propose a new way of perceiving its history, memory and future.

RESUMEN El Palacio de La Moneda, sede de gobierno, constituye uno de los Monumentos Históricos Nacionales más antiguos y reconocidos de Chile. Emplazado en la Zona Típica del Barrio Cívico-Eje Bulnes-Parque Almagro, a lo largo de sus más de 200 años ha sido testigo y escenario de diversos cambios y continuidades históricas. Esta investigación plantea el análisis de las intervenciones realizadas en el marco del estallido social de octubre del año 2019 en las inmediaciones del Palacio de La Moneda y su Zona Típica, desde la semana del 18 de octubre hasta la última semana del año 2019. El objetivo es analizar las intervenciones registradas en la Zona Típica y la relación que establecen con este espacio, como el lugar donde reside el gobierno y establece su poder. De esta manera, quienes intervienen este patrimonio instalan una resignificación y opinión de los valores que lo consagran como tal, dando cuenta de una relación crítica de la ciudadanía con el poder, donde el mero discurso democrático o reconciliatorio no basta para plantear una nueva forma de percibir su historia, memoria y devenir.

RESUMEN Introducción: Actualmente, un creciente número de pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) busca tratamiento ortodóncico, lo que hace necesario conocer las implicancias de la DM en dicho tratamiento. La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene como propósito evaluar la influencia de DM en el tratamiento ortodóncico. Revisión: Existen escasos estudios clínicos acerca del comportamiento de diabéticos ante fuerzas ortodóncicas, siendo realizados mayoritariamente en modelos animales. La DM altera la respuesta inmune, por tanto, la inflamación y síntesis de matriz extracelular. La fuerza ortodóncica produce desequilibrio entre las metaloproteinasas de la matriz extracelular y sus inhibidores, alterando la actividad fibroblástica. Este desequilibrio afecta más rápida y prolongadamente a diabéticos. La remodelación del colágeno en animales diabéticos causa retardo en la regeneración ósea, debilitamiento del ligamento periodontal (PL) y microangiopatías gingivales. Los altos niveles de citoquinas y quimioquinas pro-inflamatorias presentes en diabéticos amplifican la inflamación, lo que puede explicar el mayor número de osteoclastos en comparación con pacientes sin DM. En la DM, los osteoclastos actúan más prolongadamente tras fuerzas ortodóncicas, causando altos niveles de destrucción ósea y degradación del PL. La DM no controlada puede retardar el tratamiento ortodóncico, por lo que en este caso estaría contraindicado. Se ha observado que glicemias normales, transforman a diabéticos en sanos frente a fuerzas ortodóncicas, normalizando las respuestas periodontal y alveolar. Conclusiones: En animales, la DM ha mostrado aumento de destrucción del PL y hueso alveolar, y disminución de efectividad del movimiento ortodóncico. Para realizar un tratamiento ortodóncico, es fundamental que la DM esté controlada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: An increasing number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are now seeking orthodontic treatment. It is necessary to know the influence of DM on orthodontic treatment. This literature review aims to evaluate the influence of DM on orthodontic treatment. Review: There are few clinical studies on the behavior of diabetics under orthodontic forces, being performed on animal models. DM alters the immune response, thus inflammation and extracellular matrix synthesis. The orthodontic force produces an imbalance between extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, altering the activity of fibroblasts. This imbalance affects diabetics faster and longer. Collagen remodeling in diabetic animals slows down bone regeneration, weakening of the periodontal ligament (PL) and gingival microangiopathies. High levels of cytokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines present in diabetics amplify inflammation, which may explain the greater number of osteoclasts relative to patients without DM. In DM, osteoclasts show longer action after orthodontic forces, causing high levels of bone destruction and LP degradation. Uncontrolled DM can delay orthodontic treatment, so in this case it would be contraindicated. It has been observed that normal glycemia transforms diabetics into healthy ones when faced with orthodontic forces, normalizing periodontal and alveolar responses. Conclusions: In animals, DM has shown increased destruction of PL and alveolar bone and decreased effectiveness of orthodontic movement. To perform orthodontic treatment, it is essential that the DM is controlled.

Neurological diseases are responsible for approximately 6.8 million deaths every year. They affect up to 1 billion people worldwide and cause significant disability and reduced quality of life. In most neurological disorders, the diagnosis can be challenging; it frequently requires long-term investigation. Thus, the discovery of better diagnostic methods to help in the accurate and fast diagnosis of neurological disorders is crucial. Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) are defined as any type of DNA or RNA that is present in body biofluids. They can be found within extracellular vesicles or as cell-free DNA and RNA. Currently, CNAs are being explored as potential biomarkers for diseases because they can be obtained using non-invasive methods and may reflect unique characteristics of the biological processes involved in several diseases. CNAs can be especially useful as biomarkers for conditions that involve organs or structures that are difficult to assess, such as the central nervous system. This review presents a critical assessment of the most current literature about the use of plasma and serum CNAs as biomarkers for several aspects of neurological disorders: defining a diagnosis, establishing a prognosis, and monitoring the disease progression and response to therapy. We explored the biological origin, types, and general mechanisms involved in the generation of CNAs in physiological and pathological processes, with specific attention to neurological disorders. In addition, we present some of the future applications of CNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for these diseases.

RESUMEN Los mecanismos de daño de corrosión por CO2 y desgaste abrasivo por arena han reducido la vida en servicio de las líneas de flujo y líneas colectoras en el campo Casabe localizado en la Cuenca del Valle del Rio Magdalena, en el Departamento de Antioquia en Colombia, requiriendo de una solución efectiva y oportuna. En este trabajo pruebas de laboratorio ajustadas a las condiciones del fluido de producción del campo Casabe fueron realizadas para evaluar la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo y corrosión por CO2 sobre secciones de tubería de PEAD (Polietileno de Alta Densidad) y de acero al carbono API 5L grado X65. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo, mostraron que la resistencia del PEAD al desgaste abrasivo y corrosión por CO2 es significativa, siendo, tres veces más alta comparada con el acero al carbono. Adicionalmente, las propiedades del PEAD permanecieron constantes al contrario del desempeño del acero al carbono durante el tiempo de prueba. Este resultado es probablemente debido a la mayor tenacidad y resistencia química del PEAD. Con base en estos resultados, se implementó una prueba a escala piloto para evaluar el comportamiento del encamisado de PEAD en una línea colectora con una vida en servicio entre 6 y 9 meses, la cual recoge los fluidos de diferentes líneas de flujo de los pozos productores. Después de 12 meses, en servicio en la prueba piloto del encamisado evaluado mediante inspección visual y pruebas DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) se demuestra que el encamisado de PEAD expuesto en las condiciones del fluido multifásico con arena de producción permanece estable, sin evidencia de ampollamiento, hinchamiento, ablandamiento o cambios en su geometría por la absorción del hidrocarburo en su estructura física. Esto fue también evidenciado en los resultados de temperatura de fusión y cristalinidad obtenidos en los ensayos de DSC antes y después de exposición en las condiciones de campo. Además, el piloto de encamisado de PEAD después de seis años de servicio continúa operando exitosamente.

ABSTRACT Failure mechanisms of CO2 corrosion and abrasive wear by production sand have reduced the service life of flowlines and collector lines in Casabe's mature field located in the middle Magdalena River Valley Basin of Colombia's Antioquia department, which has required a timely and effective solution. In this work, laboratory tests set to conditions of Casabe's production fluid were performed to assess abrasive wear and CO2 corrosion resistance on pipeline sections of both HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and carbon steel API 5L grade X65. The results obtained showed that resistance of HDPE to abrasive wear and CO2 corrosion of HDPE is significant, being three times higher as compared with carbon steel. Additionally, material properties of HDPE remained constant in contrast to performance of carbon steel over time tests. This result is due to the toughness and chemical resistance of HDPE. Based on these results, a field trial was implemented to pilot-scale for evaluating the performance of HDPE liner in a collector line with a service life between 6 to 9 months, which collect fluids of different flowlines from producing wells. After 12 months in service, the field trial of the liner assessed through visual inspection and DSC tests revealed that HDPE liner exposed at multiphasic fluid conditions with production sand remained stable without evidence of swelling, blistering, softening or changes in its geometry associated with liquid hydrocarbon absorption in its physical structure. This was also evidenced in the results of melting temperature and crystallinity obtained from DSC tests before and after exposure to field conditions. Moreover, pilot tests with HDPE lining after six years of service still operate successfully.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El dolor que se asocia al trabajo de parto (TDP) afecta a todas las mujeres y puede producir alteraciones tanto maternas como fetales, e incluso interferir con el desarrollo normal del proceso. OBJETIVO: Conocer el grado de cumplimiento de solicitud de analgesia peridural en partos vaginales en el servicio de preparto del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena (HHHA) versus la analgesia administrada. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, realizado en base a datos del sistema perinatal del servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del HHHA, periodo 2014-2016. RESULTADOS: Del total de partos Vaginales entre los años 2014-2016 solo se solicitó Analgesia Peridural en 56.5% de ellos. De las analgesias solicitadas en éste período se administraron un 98%. CONCLUSIÓN: Basado en los registros clínicos, el grado de cumplimiento es cercano al 100% en las analgesias solicitadas. Se observó un incremento anual entre 2014 y 2016 de solicitud de anestesia en procedimientos de parto, y a pesar de esto la eficiencia del hospital no se ha visto afectada. No obstante, se espera que el porcentaje de solicitudes siga en aumento manteniendo el alto nivel de eficiencia. Es pertinente plantear la realización de estudios para extrapolar este resultado a nivel regional y nacional.

Resumen La perforación duodenal posterior a la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) es una complicación infrecuente que sucede en un 0,1%-0,6% de los casos. El manejo (quirúrgico o no quirúrgico) depende de varios factores. Presentamos el caso de una mujer que sufrió una perforación duodenal post-CPRE manejada conservadoramente con un stent biliar metálico autoexpandible (SMAE) totalmente recubierto y antibióticos, quien no requirió manejo quirúrgico.

Abstract Post-ERCP duodenal perforations occur in only 0.1 to 0.6% of ERCP cases. Whether these occurrences are managed with or without surgery depends on several factors. We report the case of a woman who had a post-ERCP duodenal perforation that was conservatively managed with a fully covered self-expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) and antibiotics who did not require surgical management.

RESUMO Na África do Sul não há recomendações de espaçamento estabelecidas para a produção de cultivares de tomate em sistemas hidropônicos fechados. Determinou-se o rendimento e a qualidade de cultivares de tomate de crescimento determinado (Dynimo, Mariana, Mion e Sama) em hidroponia e densidades de plantio (10, 16, 20 e 25 plantas/m2) durante primavera/verão e verão/outono. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial de quatro espaçamentos de plantas x quatro cultivares com três repetições. Não houve diferenças significativas no rendimento comercial entre as cultivares testadas nas duas épocas de plantio. A cultivar Mion apresentou maior incidência de podridão apical, enquanto ‘Mariana’ apresentou maior podridão de frutos durante a primavera/verão. Durante a primavera/verão, o rendimento comercializável aumentou com a maior densidade de plantas (25 pl/m2), seguido por 20 pl/m2. Durante o verão/outono, a densidade de plantas não mostrou efeito significativo no rendimento total e comercializável, embora tenha sido observada tendência de declínio com maior densidade. O número de frutos por planta bem como o tamanho do fruto diminuíram com o aumento da densidade de plantas durante as duas estações, entretanto, sem efeito no rendimento global por área de parcela. O aumento da densidade de plantas para 25 pl/m2 pode melhorar o rendimento comercializável de cultivares de tomate determinado durante a primavera/verão enquanto que a densidade de 10 pl/m2 será mais rentável durante o verão/outono. Esta informação permitirá aos agricultores otimizar o rendimento e a qualidade de cultivares de tomate determinado em sistemas hidropônicos fechados.

ABSTRACT In South Africa there are no established spacing recommendations for determinate tomato cultivar production under closed hydroponic systems. This study was conducted to determine yield and quality of hydroponically grown determinate tomato cultivars at different plant densities. Four determinate tomato cultivars (Dynimo, Mariana, Mion and Sama) were subjected to four plant densities (10, 16, 20 and 25 plants/m2) during the spring/summer and summer/fall seasons. Experimental layout was a randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme of four plant spacing x four cultivars with three replicates. There were no significant differences in marketable yield between the cultivars tested during the spring/summer and summer/fall seasons. Cultivar Mion showed higher incidence of blossom end rot, while Mariana showed the highest fruit rot during the spring/summer season as compared to the other cultivars. During the spring/summer season, marketable yield increased with increased plant density with the highest yield obtained at 25 plants/m2 followed by 20 plants/m2. During the summer/fall season, plant density did not show a significant effect on total and marketable yield although a tendency for declined yield with increased density was observed. Number of fruit per plant as well as fruit size decreased with increased plant density during both seasons which did not have an effect on overall yield per plot area. Increasing the plant density to 25 plants/m2 can improve marketable yield of determinate tomato cultivars during spring/summer season while using a plant density of 10 plants/m2 will be more cost effective during the summer/fall season. This information will enable farmers to optimise yield and quality of determinate tomato cultivars under closed hydroponic systems.

ABSTRACT Jenynsia multidentata Jenyns, 1842 (one-sided livebearers) are euryhaline viviparous fish of small size, used in the laboratory experiment, important as resource for biological control of mosquito’s larva and a key species to recover eutrophic lakes. Works have been published dealing with parasite biodiversity of this host, but little has been studied about the parasite community ecology. From early 2009 to ends of 2010 specimens of J. multidentata were collected from two places, the Salado Relief Channel (S.R.C.) on Samborombón Bay and the Sauce Chico River near to the city of Bahia Blanca (B.B.). All fish were sexed, measured and grouped into sizes/age classes. The fishes from both sites harbored 16 parasitic species: nine digenean, one monogenean, one metacestode, one acanthocephalan, two nematode and two copepods. Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905, the metacercariae Hemiuridae gen. sp. indet., metacercariae Thylodelphys sp. (inside the eye), Glossocercus sp. nematode L4 (intestine) and Ergasilus sieboldii Nordmann, 1832 are new records for the host. The high number of larval stages made of this fish a link between micro and macroecosystems. The size 2 had the higher biodiversity in both sites, which could be the most suitable age to store the maximal number of parasite of the environment and have a more equitability in their distribution on the host. In B.B. some parasites had higher prevalence and mean abun dance due to the small size of the waterbody compared with the S.R.C. Despite that, in S.R.C. exist a higher specific richness and biodiversity due the daily flow of saline and freshwater and proximity of the sample site to the mouth of the channel in the bay. This is the first approximation to an analysis of the parasitic ecology on this host.

RESUMEN Jenynsia multidentata Jenyns, 1842 (madrecitas) son peces viviparous, eurihalinos de pequeño tamaño usados en experimientos de laboratorio, como un recurso importante para el control biológico de larvas de mosquito y una especie clave para recuperar lagos eutrofizados. Han sido publicados varios trabajos acerca de la biodiversidad parasitaria de este pez pero poco es conocido acerca de la ecologia de la comunidad parasitaria de este hospedador. pero poco se conoce acerca de su ecología parasitaria. Durante los meses de primavera y verano en el 2009 y 2010, especímenes de J. multidentata se colectaron del Canal Colector del Salado (S.R.C.) en la Bahía de Samborombón y del Rio Sauce Chico cercano a la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (B.B.), fueron sexados, medidos y agrupados en clases según su tamaño/edad. Los peces de los dos sitios albergaron 16 especies de parásitos: nueve digeneos, un monogeneo, un cestodo, un acantocéfalo, dos nematodos y dos copépodos. Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905, la metacercaria Hemiuridae gen. sp. indet., metacercaria Thylodelphys sp. (en el ojo), Glossocercus sp. nematode L4 (intestino) y de Ergasilus sieboldii Nordmann, 1832 son nuevas citas para el hospedador. El gran número de estadios larvales hacen de este pez un nexo entre micro y macroecosistemas. La talla 2 tuvo una mayor biodiversidad en ambos sitios, la cual puede ser la edad más apropiada para recolectar el máximo número de parásitos del ambiente y tener una distribución dentro del hospedador de mayor equitabilidad. En B.B. algunos parasitos tuvieron mayor prevalencia y abundancia media debido al menor tamaño del cuerpo de agua comparado con S.R.C. A pesar de esto, en S.R.C. existe una mayor riqueza específica y biodiversidad debido al flujo diario de agua dulce y salina y a la proximidad del sitio de muestreo a la desembocadura del canal en la Bahía. El gran número de parásitos en los machos puede deberse a un cambio en el uso de la energía que se focaliza en la reproducción. Esta es la primera aproximación a un análisis de la ecología parasitaria de este hospedador y, como resultado, podemos ver algún tipo de influencia del mismo que no debe ser ignorado y debería ser estudiado en el futuro considerando cada parasito como la interrelación entre ellos y el hospedador.

Union with Christ is a heuristic, over-arching rubric for the discussion of many themes in Torrance's soteriology. Union with Christ, however, has not been a major topic in Torrance studies. The purpose of this article is to address this inadequacy. The present article provides an overview of Torrance's discussion of incarnational reconciliation and 'vicarious humanity' of Jesus Christ. According to Torrance, the hypostatic union is a dynamic, atoning union in which humanity is cleansed of sin and brought into sanctifying union with God. Throughout his earthly life, Jesus acts 'vicariously', reconciling humanity to God and sanctifying every stage of human life, so that union with Christ is fully and objectively accomplished for all humanity in Jesus. All aspects of Christian life, including faith, justification and sanctification are fully realised for all in the incarnate life of Christ. The objective union, established in the incarnation, is subjectively realised in the life of the believer through the communion of the Holy Spirit. In response to the objective reality of grace, believers are summoned to take up the cross and follow Jesus. Torrance's assertion of union with Christ as a fait accompli in the incarnation and vicarious act of Christ raises questions regarding the subjective human response to salvation as well as the issue of universalism. Content is based on a review of primary literature published by Torrance over a span of more than 40 years as well as a review of recent secondary resources that include some aspect of the subject.

ABSTRACT Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 is an economically important food fish and has been recommended for aquaculture in South America. A total of 278 fishes were collected in the spring and summer of 2009 and 2010. These fish were sorted into sample groups according to their size class. We used Bayesian statistics and 95% credible intervals for each parameter tested were calculated. Fish studied harbored a total of 15 different species of parasites. Diversity of parasite species found on Mugil liza was greatest at the S.R.C. collection site, but evidenced a lower species richness than at A.R. site. The 1st size fishes of both sites evidenced greater parasite diversity than either 2nd or 3rd size fish. Differences observed could be explained by the different use of habitat types at the two sites or differential susceptibility to infection by parasites. The dominance of D. fastigatainfluenced observed results of lower community diversity indexes. New works elucidating different parasite life cycles within juvenile and adults ofM. liza in Argentina, promise to be important for determining the risk of the parasitism by zoonotic metacercariae A. (P.) longa and use of this fish as food and an economic resource, and the possible use of mullet parasites in other promising fields as indicators of biodiversity, and/ or water contamination.

RESUMEN Mugil liza, Valenciennes, 1836 es un pez de importancia comercial y ha sido recomendado en Sudamerica para la acuicultura. Los peces se distribuyeron en grupos de acuerdo con la talla. Usamos estadística Bayesiana e intervalos de credibilidad del 95% para cada parámetro calculado. Los peces alojaron un total de 15 especies parasitarias. La diversidad de las especies parasitas de M. liza fue mayor en el sitio de colecta S.R.C., pero evidencio una menor riqueza especifica que en A.R. La 1er talla de los peces de ambos sitios evidencio una mayor diversidad parasitaria que la 2da o 3er talla. Las diferencias observadas se pueden explicar por un uso diferente del hábitat en los dos sitios o a una susceptibilidad diferente a la infección por los parasitos. La influencia de la dominancia de D. fastigata resulta en el menor índice de diversidad de la comunidad. Nuevos trabajos que diluciden los diferentes ciclos de vida de los parásitos en los juveniles y adultos de M. liza en Argentina, prometen ser importantes para determinar el riesgo del parasitismo de la metacercaria zoonotica A. (P.) longa y el uso de este pez como alimento, una fuente económica y el posible uso de los parásitos de la lisa en otros promisorios campos como indicadores de biodiversidad y/o contaminación acuática.

Objectives: To evaluate the gastrointestinal tolerance and acceptance of the new formulation of Isosource Protein® Fibre® with a new blend of fibers IS50®. Methods: Opened, non-comparative, nonrandomized, descriptive study in patients requiring full enteral tube feeding for at least 7 days. Gastrointestinal tolerance was assessed by daily record of subjective gastrointestinal symptoms by the patient, and objectives behind the abdominal exploration by the researcher for up to 15 days. Results: 18 patients were included with a mean age of 67.32 ± 13.8 years, of whom 66.7% were male. The average actual weight of the sample was 68.7 ± 9.8 kg (range: 51-90 kg) and BMI 24.0 ± 4.0 kg/m² (range: 16.0 to 32.00 kg/m²). The average volume prescribed Isosource Protein® Fiber® was 1580 ± 282.7 ml / day (range: 1200 to 2000 ml/day). 72.22% of the patients received 1500 ml/day, received 16.67% 1750 ml / day, 5.56% received 2000 ml/day and 5.56% received 2500 ml/day. The analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerance of patients revealed that in the first study visit, reported no significant gastrointestinal problems, only one patient indicated the presence of mild constipation. By contrast, in the last study visit, it was observed that two patients reported constipation (mild to moderate) and two patients reported diarrhea (mild and severe). As for the evaluation of gastrointestinal tolerance by the investigator and depositional habit, the results show that in 100% cases tolerance was normal. Regarding the depositional habit, it was observed than the 66.7% of patients had no bowel movements at baseline, compared to 33.4% at the last visit of the patient (p = 0.035). In this sense, a significant increase (p = 0.035) in the mean number of daily bowel movements at the final visit (0.89 ± 0.90, range: 0-3) was observed, compared to the initial visit (0.44 ± 0.78, range: 0-3). Conclusions: Isosource Protein® Fibre® has proved a formula for enteral nutrition well tolerated, with a very low frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and an improvement in the number of stools, which encourages compliance with the standard prescribed by the health professional and suggest a positive effect on the regulation of intestinal transit.

Objetivos: Evaluar la tolerancia gastrointestinal y aceptación de la nueva formulación de Isosource Protein® Fibre® con una nueva mezcla de fibras soluble e insoluble en practica clínica real. Material y métodos: Estudio abierto, no comparativo, no aleatorizado, descriptivo, evaluándose la tolerancia gastrointestinal mediante el registro diario de síntomas gastrointestinales subjetivos por parte del paciente, y objetivos tras la exploración abdominal por parte del investigador. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes con una media de edad de 67,32 ±13,8 años y de los cuales un 66,7% eran varones. El peso actual medio de la muestra fue de 68,7±9,8 kg (Rango: 51 - 90 kg) y el IMC 24,0±4,0 kg/m² y (Rango: 16,0 - 32,00 kg/m²). El volumen medio final prescrito de Isosource Protein® Fibre® fue de 1580 ± 282,7 ml/día (Rango: 1200 - 2000 ml/día). El 72,22% de los pacientes recibió 1500 ml/día, un 16,67% recibió 1750 ml/día, un 5,56% recibió 2000 ml/día y un 5,56% recibió 2500 ml/día. El análisis de la tolerancia gastrointestinal por parte de los pacientes reveló que en la primera visita del estudio, no refirieron problemas gastrointestinales relevantes, tan solo un paciente indicó la presencia de estreñimiento moderado. Por el contrario, en la última visita del estudio, se observó que dos pacientes refirieron estreñimiento (leve y moderado) y dos pacientes refirieron diarrea (leve y severa). En cuanto a la evaluación de la tolerancia gastrointestinal por parte del investigador y del hábito deposicional, los resultados muestran que en el 100% casos la tolerancia fue normal. Respecto al hábito deposicional se observa significativamente (p=0,035) que el 66,7% de los pacientes no presentaron deposiciones al inicio del estudio, frente al 33,4% en la última visita. En este sentido, se observó un aumento significativo en la media del número de deposiciones diarias en la visita final (0,89 ± 0,90, rango: 0 a 3), respecto a la inicial (0,44 ± 0,78, rango: 0 a 3) (p=0,035). En ningún caso se neceobservaron complicaciones digestivas relacionadas con la fórmula o con su administración, ni se reportaron acontecimientos adversos relacionados con la nutrición. Conclusiones: Isosource Protein® Fibre® ha mostrado ser una fórmula de nutrición enteral bien tolerada, con una baja frecuencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y una mejoría en el número de deposiciones, lo que favorece el cumplimiento de la pauta prescrita por el profesional de la salud y sugiere un efecto positivo en la regulación del tránsito intestinal.

The "Jesuit Letters", in our hands, have become illegible. As Jacques Derrida said, all text is ash, but it didn't become ash, it was born as such. All text is a ruthless reduction of what has happened, as the popular saying goes: where there was fire, ashes remain. A text is what remains after life and time do their job of annihilation, of consumption.

Las cartas de los jesuitas, en nuestras manos, se han vuelto ilegibles. Como afirmó Jacques Derrida, todo texto es ceniza, pero no se volvió ceniza, nació como tal. Todo texto es una reducción despiadada de lo que ha pasado; como dice el refrán popular: donde hubo fuego, cenizas quedan. Un texto es lo que queda después de que la vida y el tiempo hicieron su trabajo de aniquilación, de consumición.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is classified within the family Hepeviridae, genus Hepevirus. HEV genotype 3 (Gt3) infections are endemic in pigs in Western Europe and in North and South America and cause zoonotic infections in humans. Several serological assays to detect HEV antibodies in pigs have been developed, at first mainly based on HEV genotype 1 (Gt1) antigens. To develop a sensitive HEV Gt3 ELISA, a recombinant baculovirus expression product of HEV Gt3 open reading frame-2 was produced and coated onto polystyrene ELISA plates. After incubation of porcine sera, bound HEV antibodies were detected with anti-porcine anti-IgG and anti-IgM conjugates. For primary estimation of sensitivity and specificity of the assay, sets of sera were used from pigs experimentally infected with HEV Gt3. For further validation of the assay and to set the cutoff value, a batch of 1100 pig sera was used. All pig sera were tested using the developed HEV Gt3 assay and two other serologic assays based on HEV Gt1 antigens. Since there is no gold standard available for HEV antibody testing, further validation and a definite setting of the cutoff of the developed HEV Gt3 assay were performed using a statistical approach based on Bayes' theorem. The developed and validated HEV antibody assay showed effective detection of HEV-specific antibodies. This assay can contribute to an improved detection of HEV antibodies and enable more reliable estimates of the prevalence of HEV Gt3 in swine in different regions.

The doctrine of the mediation of Jesus Christ in the scientific theology of T.F. Torrance rests on the fundamental methodological axiom that knowledge is developed according to the nature (kata physin) of the object of scientific inquiry. To know God through the incarnate Son, who is 'of one nature with the Father', is to know God in strict accordance with God's nature and hence in a theologically scientific way. In Torrance's kataphysical method, a priori knowledge of God is excluded, for epistemology follows ontology. Because the fundamental aspects of reality are relational rather than atomistic, a scientific theological approach to the doctrine of the mediation of Jesus Christ requires that he be investigated within the nexuses of 'being-constituting' interrelations, or 'onto-relations', which disclose his identity as incarnate Saviour of the world. Following the principle of logical simplicity, the vast and scattered array of Torrance's thought can be reduced to a minimal number of elemental forms that succinctly describe in a unitary, non-dualist manner the onto-relations that constitute the identity of the incarnate Son. The primary elemental forms of Torrance's doctrine of mediation are the Nicene homoousion and the Chalcedonian doctrine of the hypostatic union. Two additional elemental forms that readily arise as corollaries of the doctrine of the hypostatic union are the doctrines of incarnational redemption and the 'vicarious humanity' of Jesus Christ. These elemental forms provide a conceptual lens for a theologically holistic view of the mediation of Jesus Christ in the scientific theology of T.F. Torrance.

Die leer van die versoening van Christus in die wetenskaplike teologie van T.F. Torrance berus op die fundamentele metodologiese aanname dat kennis volgens die aard (kataphysin) van die voorwerp van wetenskaplike ondersoek verwerf word. Om God deur die vleesgeworde Seun (wat een in wese met die Vader is) te ken, is om Hom in noue ooreenstemming met sy wese en daarom op 'n teologies-wetenskaplike wyse te ken. Volgens Torrance se katafisiese metode is aprioriese kennis van God nie moontlik nie, omdat die ontologie aan die epistemologie voorafgaan. Aangesien die fundamentele kenmerke van die werklikheid relasioneel eerder as atomisties is, vereis 'n wetenskaplik-teologiese benadering tot die leer van die versoening van Christus dat die ondersoek binne die kader van 'wesensbepalende' verhoudings of 'onto-verhoudings' plaasvind. Dit is immers laasgenoemde wat Christus se identiteit as vleesgeworde Verlosser van die wêreld blootlê. Deur die beginsel van logiese eenvoud toe te pas, kan die omvangryke en sporadiese idees van Torrance gereduseer word tot 'n kleiner aantal kernelemente wat op 'n unitêre, ondubbelsinnige wyse die 'onto-verhoudings' wat die identiteit van die vleesgeworde Seun verteenwoordig, duidelik beskryf. Die vernaamste kernelemente van Torrance se leer oor die middelaarskap is die Niceaanse homoousion en die Chalcedoniese leer van die wesenseenheid. Twee opvallende, parallelle kernelemente by die leer van die wesenseenheid is die leer van die verlossing op grond van die vleeswording en die plaasvervangende mensheid van Jesus Christus. Hierdie kernelemente verskaf 'n konsepsuele lens waardeur 'n teologiese, holistiese beskouing van die middelaarskap van Jesus Christus in die wetenskaplike teologie van T.F. Torrance ondersoek kan word.