RESUMEN Fundamento: la orientación educativa a las familias de niños con discapacidad físico-motora es esencial para su correcta rehabilitación e inserción en la sociedad. Objetivo: aplicar un sistema de acciones de orientación educativa a la familia de un niño con discapacidad físico-motora. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo de investigación acción práctica a la familia de un niño con diagnóstico de una parálisis cerebral percibida como una discapacidad físico-motora en el período julio 2021-diciembre 2022, perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Docente “Marta Abreu”. Los métodos teóricos utilizados fueron: analítico-sintético; inductivo-deductivo y la modelación. Entre los métodos empíricos se aplicaron: la observación participante; entrevista en profundidad; análisis de documentos; diario del investigador y estudio de casos. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado demostró la necesidad de la preparación de la familia de un niño con discapacidad fisico-motora para afrontar con calidad esta nueva etapa de sus vidas, por lo que se diseñó y aplicó un sistema de acciones el cual fue estructurado en tres subsistemas: primero, acciones para el manejo de las técnicas de aseo; segundo, para las técnicas de alimentación; y tercero, los cuidados posturales y las transferencias. Fue valorado por especialistas vinculados con esta temática, quienes lo consideraron muy pertinente y viable. Conclusiones: el sistema de acciones de orientación a las familias de niños con discapacidad fisico-motora resultó efectivo pues se evidenciaron cambios importantes en cuanto al manejo de este niño por la familia.

ABSTRACT Background: educational guidance for families of children with physical-motor disabilities is essential for their correct rehabilitation and insertion into society. Objective: apply a system of educational guidance actions to the family of a child with physical-motor disability. Methods: a qualitative practical action research study was carried out on the family of a child with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy perceived as a physical-motor disability from July 2021 to December 2022, from “Marta Abreu” University Polyclinic health area theoretical methods used were: analytical-synthetic; inductive-deductive and modeling: empirical ones: participant observation; depth interview; document analysis; researcher diary and case study. Results: the diagnosis carried out demonstrated the need to prepare the family of the child with a physical-motor disability to face this new stage of their lives with quality, so a system of actions was designed and applied which was structured in three subsystems: first, actions to manage grooming techniques; second, for feeding techniques; and third, postural care and transfers. It was evaluated by specialists linked to this topic, who considered it very pertinent and viable. Conclusions: the system of guidance actions for the family of a child with a physical-motor disability was effective as important changes were evident in terms of the management of this child by the family.

ABSTRACT Nursing practice has a high component of responsibility and ethical behavior for the emotional control of people with a history of acute myocardial infarction. This support gives meaning to the practice of Nursing to be applied in a systematic and organized way. A descriptive research was carried out with the objective of proposing actions, from the point of view of Nursing, that contribute to the improvement of emotional control in people with a history of acute myocardial infarction belonging to "Martha Abreu de Estévez" University Teaching Polyclinic, in Santa Clara, Villa Clara, from January 2017 to February 2019. A predominance of low self-esteem, high vulnerability to stress and anxiety was found in the people studied. On the other hand, difficulties in understanding their emotional states, inability to clarify and repair their emotions, as well as unsatisfactory life satisfaction were evidenced.

RESUMEN El ejercicio de la Enfermería tiene un alto componente de responsabilidad y comportamiento ético para el control emocional de las personas con antecedentes de infarto agudo de miocardio. Este sustento le da significado a la práctica de la Enfermería para ser aplicada de forma sistemática y organizada. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con el objetivo de proponer acciones, desde la Enfermería, que contribuyan al mejoramiento del control emocional en las personas con antecedentes de infarto agudo de miocardio pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente Universitario «Martha Abreu de Estévez», de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, en el período de enero de 2017 a febrero de 2019. En las personas estudiadas se constató un predominio de: autoestima baja, alta vulnerabilidad al estrés y la ansiedad. Por otro lado, se evidenciaron dificultades en el conocimiento de sus estados emocionales, incapacidad para clarificar y reparar sus emociones, así como una satisfacción vital no satisfactoria.

ABSTRACT Background: civilized societies have proposed strategies to strengthen the quality of life, validity and independence of early retirement or with extended active employment relationship. Objective: to determine modifications in the coping with life events and in the neurocognitive state in people in pre-retirement stage when applying an educational program based on physical activity. Methods: an intervention study with a quasi-experimental design was carried out at the “Marta Abreu” University Polyclinic, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, from April 2017 to May 2019. Theoretical, empirical, statistical-mathematical methods and a battery of neuropsychological examination based on Luria's postulates, which allowed the diagnosis of thought disorders. Then the educational program based on physical activity was applied in the study group; and finally the results were compared in a before and after in the study group, and between this and the control group. Results: greater quantification of efficient intellectual processes, improvement in logical-verbal, practical-constructive and ruminative thinking was observed in the study group; while in the control group these changes were not reflected. Conclusions: positive modifications were determined in the study group, evidenced in neurocognitive progress in early retirement, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the educational program based on physical activity, once applied.

RESUMEN Fundamento: las sociedades civilizadas se han propuesto estrategias para fortalecer la calidad de vida, el validismo e independencia de los adultos mayores prejubilables o con vínculo laboral activo extendido. Objetivo: determinar modificaciones en el afrontamiento a los acontecimientos vitales y en el estado neurocognitivo en personas en etapa de prejubilación al aplicar un programa educativo basado en la actividad física. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención con diseño cuasiexperimental en el Policlínico Universitario “Marta Abreu”, de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, entre abril 2017-mayo 2019. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos, estadísticos-matemáticos y una batería de exploración neuropsicológica basada en los postulados de Luria, que permitió el diagnóstico de las alteraciones del pensamiento. Luego se procedió a la aplicación del programa educativo basado en la actividad física en el grupo estudio; y finalmente se compararon los resultados en un antes y un después en el grupo estudio, y entre este y el grupo testigo. Resultados: se observó mayor cuantificación de los procesos intelectuales eficientes, mejoría en el pensamiento lógico-verbal, práctico-constructivo y rumiativo en el grupo estudio; mientras en el grupo testigo no se reflejaron estos cambios. Conclusiones: se determinaron modificaciones positivas en el grupo estudio, evidenciadas en progresos neurocognitivos en las personas prejubilables, lo cual demostró la efectividad del programa educativo basado en la actividad física, una vez aplicado.

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Abstract: Introduction: since the beginning of blood banks, refinements in laboratory processes have allowed longer red blood cell storage times. While advantageous to the logistics of stock management, the clinical impact of RBC storage duration prior to transfusion remains uncertain and a topic of growing interest. Although the structural, biochemical, and impermeable changes that red blood cells undergo during storage are well described, the evidence that this storage injury translates into adverse clinical outcomes for patients receiving blood with longer storage times remains controversial. Objective: to compare the efficacy of the transfusion of globular packages of ≤ 15 days of extraction vs. globular packages ≥ 16-40 days of extraction in the hemodynamic and gasometric repercussion of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of HE CMNO. Material and methods: a controlled, single-center, randomized, single-blind, prospective and comparative clinical trial was conducted, where patients between 18 and 80 years of age with severe postoperative cranioencephalic trauma who required blood transfusions were invited to participate. Participants were included in two random groups, group F and group E. Group F was administered packed cells ≤ 15 days of extraction. Group E will be administered globular packages ≥ 16-40 days of extraction. During the study, various hemodynamic and biochemical variables were measured before, during, and after blood transfusion, and a comparison of the results obtained between groups F and E was subsequently made. Results: in the present study, a total of 26 patients with severe TBI were included and who were transfused with red blood cell packs, of the total number of patients, 13 were transfused with a «standard» red blood cell pack and another 13 patients with a «fresh» red blood cell pack. The average days of transfusion after extraction were 18 and 14 days for the «standard» and «fresh» packs, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Twenty-one infectious events were reported, 11 in the group of patients who were transfused with the standard pack and 10 in the fresh pack group. Mortality at 28 days was estimated in 31% of the patients transfused with the standard pack and in 23% of the patients with the fresh pack (RR, for 28-day mortality of 0.90 [95% CI 0.56-144]). The median duration time in the intensive care unit was 8 days for both groups (0.32 SD), and of the days associated with the ventilator, 15 days were observed for the group of patients with the standard package and 7 for the group with fresh package (0.60 SD), without discovering statistically significant differences in these variables. However, in this analysis statistically significant differences were found for the gasometric parameters of central venous oxygen saturation, cardiac output (Fick) and lactate before and after transfusion in favor of the group of patients transfused with fresh pack (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: the results of this study infer that there is no association between the storage time of transfused red blood cells and the presence of adverse clinical outcomes with longer storage times. In both groups, transfusions were equally safe and effective. The researchers refer to the sample size as a limitation for this study.

Resumo: Introdução: desde o surgimento dos bancos de sangue, o refinamento dos processos laboratoriais permitiu tempos de estocagem cada vez mais longos para as hemácias. Embora vantajoso para a logística do gerenciamento de estoque, o impacto clínico da duração do armazenamento de glóbulos vermelhos antes da transfusão permanece incerto e um tópico de interesse crescente. Embora as alterações estruturais, bioquímicas e imunológicas pelas quais as hemácias sofrem durante o armazenamento sejam bem descritas, as evidências de que essa lesão de armazenamento resulta em resultados clínicos adversos para pacientes que recebem sangue armazenado por mais tempo permanecem controversas. Objetivo: comparar a eficácia da transfusão de concentrado de hemácias ≤ 15 dias de extração vs concentrado de hemácias ≥ 16-40 dias de extração nas repercussão hemodinâmica e gasométrica dos pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) grave, internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do HE CMN Occidente. Material e métodos: realizou-se um ensaio clínico, controlado, unicêntrico, randomizado, simples-cego, prospectivo e comparativo, onde foram convidados a participar pacientes com idade entre 18 e 80 anos com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave submetidos a hemicraniectomia descompressiva com necessidade de transfusão sanguínea. Os participantes foram incluídos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos, grupo F e grupo E. Grupo F recebeu concentrado de hemácias ≤ 15 dias após a extração. O grupo E receberá concentrado de hemácias ≥ 16-40 dias após a extração. Durante o estudo, várias variáveis hemodinâmicas e bioquímicas foram medidas antes, durante e após a transfusão de sangue, e posteriormente foi feita uma comparação dos resultados obtidos entre os grupos F e E. Resultados: no presente estudo incluíram-se um total de 26 pacientes com TCE grave e que foram transfundidos com concentrado de hemácias, do total de pacientes 13 foram transfundidos com um concentrado de hemácias «padrão» e outros 13 pacientes com um concentrado de hemácias «fresco». A média de dias de transfusão após a extração foi de 18 e 14 dias para as pacotes «padrão» e «fresco», respectivamente (p ≤ 0.001). Relatou-se 21 eventos infecciosos, 11 no grupo de pacientes que receberam transfusão com concentrado padrão e 10 no grupo com concentrado fresco. A mortalidade em 28 dias foi estimada em 31% dos pacientes transfundidos com concentrado padrão e em 23% dos pacientes com concentrado fresco (RR, para mortalidade em 28 dias de 0.90 (IC 95% 0.56-144). A duração mediana na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 8 dias para ambos os grupos (0.32 DP), sendo que 2 dias associados ao ventilador, foram observados 15 dias para o grupo de pacientes com concentrado padrão e 7 para o grupo de concentrado fresco (0.60 DE), sem descobrir diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas referidas variáveis.No entanto, nesta análise foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os parâmetros gasométricos de saturação venosa central de oxigênio, débito cardíaco (Fick) e lactato antes e após a transfusão em favor do grupo de pacientes transfundidos com concentrado fresco (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo inferem que não há associação entre o tempo de estocagem das hemácias transfundidas e a presença de desfechos clínicos adversos com tempos de estocagem mais longos. Em ambos os grupos, as transfusões foram igualmente seguras e eficazes. Os pesquisadores referem-se ao tamanho da amostra como limitante para este estudo.

Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a medical-surgical condition characterized by brain involvement secondary to a traumatic lesion. Patients with severe TBI are at high risk of mortality and this will depend on different factors such as the presence of intracranial hypertension, age, origin of the injury and score on the Glasgow coma scale. Measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) appears to be a good indirect indicator of intercranial hypertension and therefore, a good predictor of mortality. Objective: To determine the most appropriate cut-off point, as well as the measurement of the ONSD usefulness as a prognostic indicator of mortality in patients with severe TBI in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Material and methods: This is an analytical, descriptive, and retrospective study. The universe of study consists of all the case/files with TBI. For the sample selection, all available records of patients with severe TBI sent to the ICU during the period from March 1 to August 31, 2021, will be included. Within the inclusion criteria patients with a Glasgow scale score of < 8 points on entry and with a computerized scan done. The dependent variables to considerer are the outcome understood as death or survival of the patient, the days hospitalized in the ICU, the presence of complications; among the dependent variables is the diameter of the optic nerve sheath measured by computerized tomography. Intervening variables were also considered such as the presence of comorbidities and overweight/obesity, the age and sex of the patient. The project consisted of four phases: 1) request for authorization and access to files, 2) application of selection criteria, 3) performance of ONSD measurements and 4) creation of the database. Finally, once the database is formed, the statistical analysis will proceed; for the descriptive part, prevalence’s, means (standard deviation) and medians (percentiles) will be calculated for the variables by sex and by outcome, subsequently the diagnostic capacity of the ONSD will be analyzed through the area under the ROC curve (receiving operating characteristics) for the outcome. Afterwards the performance of this and other cut-off points are compared using the Youden index. Results: Sixty records of TBI patients admitted to the ICU were studied, 51 were men (85%), 45 patients survived (75%) and 15 patients died (25%). The average age was of 50.5 ± 10.6 years, the average Glasgow score on admission was 6.6 ± 1.6 points, the average BMI was 26.42 ± 4.10 kg/m2, and the average number of days spent in the ICU was 9.03 ± 6.4. The diameter of the optic nerve was not a predictor of mortality, but if the Glasgow coma scale was, with an AUC of 0.775 (95% CI: 0.648-0.901, p = 0.002), the best cut-off point was 7 with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 54%. The bivariate linear regression model points to low Glasgow coma score and long hospital stay as predictors of mortality. Conclusions: The results of this study infer that, consistent with current scientific evidence, the sociodemographic characteristics of our population are similar to those reported by other authors, with men over 50 years of age being the most affected by this entity. On the other hand, the measurement of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath has been considered a good prognostic indicator of intracranial hypertension, which in turn is associated with increased mortality. However, in the present study there is no association between the diameter of the optic nerve sheath and the prognosis of mortality.

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Resumo: Introdução: O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é uma condição médico-cirúrgica caracterizada por lesão cerebral secundária a uma lesão traumática. Pacientes com TCE grave apresentam alto risco de mortalidade e isso dependerá de diversos fatores, como presença de hipertensão intracraniana, idade, origem da lesão e pontuação na Escala de Coma de Glasgow. A medida do diâmetro da bainha do nervo óptico (DBNO) parece ser um bom indicador indireto de hipertensão intracraniana e, portanto, um bom preditor de mortalidade. Objetivo: Determinar o ponto de corte mais adequado, bem como a utilidade da medida do DBNO como indicador prognóstico de mortalidade em pacientes com TCE grave na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, descritivo e retrospectivo. O universo de estudo é composto por todos os prontuários de casos/pacientes com TCE grave. Para a seleção da amostra foram incluídos todos os prontuários disponíveis de pacientes com TCE grave encaminhados à Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no período de 1o de março a 31 de agosto de 2021, dentro dos critérios de inclusão foram considerados pacientes com escala de Glasgow < 8 pontos na admissão e com uma tomografia computadorizada realizada. As variáveis dependentes consideradas são o desfecho entendido como óbito ou sobrevida do paciente, os dias de internação na UTI, a presença de complicações; dentro das variáveis independentes está o diâmetro da bainha do nervo óptico medido por tomografia computadorizada. Também foram consideradas variáveis intervenientes, como presença de comorbidades e sobrepeso/obesidade, idade e sexo do paciente. O projeto consistiu em três fases: a) Pedido de autorização e acesso aos prontuários, b) Aplicação dos critérios de seleção, c) Desenvolvimento da base de dados. Por fim, uma vez formada a base de dados, procedeu-se à análise estatística. Para a parte descritiva, foram calculadas as prevalências, médias (desvio padrão) e medianas (percentis) das variáveis por sexo e por desfecho. Posteriormente, a capacidade diagnóstica do DBNO foi analisada pela área sob a curva ROC (Receiving Operating Characteristics) para o resultado. Posteriormente, o desempenho deste e de outros pontos de corte foi comparado pelo índice de Youden. Resultados: Foram estudados 60 prontuários de pacientes com TCE que deram entrada na UTI, 51 eram homens (85%), 45 pacientes sobreviveram (75%) e 15 pacientes morreram (25%). A média de idade foi de 50.5 ± 10.6 anos, a média de Glasgow na admissão foi de 6.6 ± 1.6 pontos, a média de IMC foi de 26.42 ± 4.10 kg/m2 e a média de dias de internação na UTI foi de 9.03 ± 6.4. O diâmetro do nervo óptico não foi preditor de mortalidade, mas a Escala de Coma de Glasgow sim, com AUC de 0.775 (IC 95%: 0.648-0.901, p = 0.002), o melhor ponto de corte foi 7 com sensibilidade de 93% e especificidade de 54%. O modelo de regressão linear bivariada aponta para baixo escore de coma de Glasgow e longa permanência hospitalar como preditores de mortalidade. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo inferem que, de acordo com as evidências científicas atuais, as características sociodemográficas de nossa população são semelhantes às relatadas por outros autores, sendo os homens com aproximadamente 50 anos de idade os mais acometidos por essa entidade. Por outro lado, a medida do diâmetro da bainha do nervo óptico tem sido considerada um bom indicador prognóstico de hipertensão intracraniana, que por sua vez está associada ao aumento da mortalidade. No entanto, no presente estudo não há associação entre o diâmetro da bainha do nervo óptico e o prognóstico de mortalidade.

ABSTRACT Background: the preparation programs for assuming a healthy retirement are key elements in protecting life quality in early retirement people. Objective: to show the effectiveness of the application of an educational program aimed at people in pre-retirement stage to face a future life with quality. Methods: a multi-stage study with a quasi-experimental design was carried out at the “Marta Abreu” University Polyclinic, in Santa Clara, Villa Clara, from January 2017 to February 2019. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural; empirical ones: documentary analysis, questionnaire before and after applying the program; and to assess the proposal, the focal and nominal groups were used, as well as the criteria of specialists, in addition, mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results: the diagnosis showed the need to prepare early retirees to face a new stage of their lives with quality, so an educational program was designed which was structured in five modules: retirement as a transcendental stage in the adult life, physical and psychological health, psychosocial well-being and emotional intelligence, planning and entrepreneurship, and comprehensive adaptation to a new phase. It was valued by specialists, who considered it very relevant and feasible. Conclusions: the educational program was effective for improving the quality of life in early retirement in the study group, since meaningful changes in the direction of progress were found when comparing their knowledge before and after it was applied and in relation to the control group.

RESUMEN Fundamento: los programas de preparación para asumir una jubilación saludable son elementos clave en la protección de la calidad de vida de las personas prejubilables. Objetivo: mostrar la eficacia de la aplicación de un programa educativo dirigido a personas en etapa de prejubilación para el afrontamiento de una vida futura con calidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio polietápico con diseño cuasiexperimental, en el Policlínico Universitario “Marta Abreu”, en Santa Clara, Villa Clara, entre enero 2017-febrero 2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y sistémico-estructural; empíricos: análisis documental, cuestionario antes y después de aplicado el programa; y para valorar la propuesta se utilizaron los grupos focal y nominal, y los criterios de especialistas, además se emplearon métodos matemático-estadísticos. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado demostró la necesidad de la preparación de las personas prejubilables para afrontar con calidad una nueva etapa de sus vidas, por lo que se diseñó un programa educativo el cual fue estructurado en cinco módulos: la jubilación como una etapa trascendental en la vida del adulto, salud física y salud psicológica, bienestar psicosocial e inteligencia emocional, planificación y emprendimiento y la adaptación integral a una nueva fase. Fue valorado por especialistas, quienes lo consideraron muy pertinente y viable. Conclusiones: el programa educativo resultó efectivo para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en personas prejubilables del grupo estudio, pues se constataron cambios significativos en sentido de avance al comparar sus conocimientos antes y después de aplicado y en relación con el grupo de control.

ABSTRACT Introduction: early retirement is a process of social relevance due to the high growth rate of the aging workforce, whose most relevant concern arises from the extension, perhaps oversized, of working life. Objective: to determine the results of music therapy in early retired people. Methods: a music therapy intervention was carried out with the aim of regulating emotions in early retired people, faced with the dilemma of the termination of the employment relationship or its continuity; a quasi-experimental study was carried out at "Marta Abreu" Teaching Polyclinic, Villa Clara, from January 2017 to February 2019. Procedures, methods and techniques with application of music therapy were used in a study group of 200 early retired people aged 55 to 65 years. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were used. Psychological techniques were applied in the study group before and after music therapy and in the control group without intervention. Results: relevant results were found in the study group, and very significant changes were recorded: more low anxiety and mild depressive emotional states, high self-esteem, and notable improvement in vulnerability to stress. No favorable changes were reflected in the control group. Conclusions: music therapy was effective for achieving positive changes in emotional state in early retired people from the study group. The promising identification of potentialities in musical language, with the minimum use of spoken language in comprehensive care for people in early retirement, was a novelty.

RESUMEN Introducción: la prejubilación es un proceso de relevancia social por la alta tasa de crecimiento de la población activa envejecida, cuya preocupación más relevante surge por la extensión, quizás sobredimensionada, de la vida laboral. Objetivo: determinar los resultados de la musicoterapia en personas prejubilables. Métodos: se realizó una intervención musicoterapéutica con el objetivo de regular las emociones en personas prejubilables, ante el dilema del cese del vínculo laboral o la continuidad de este; se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental en el Policlínico Docente «Marta Abreu», Villa Clara, en el período de enero 2017 a febrero 2019. Se emplearon procedimientos, métodos y técnicas con aplicación de la musicoterapia en un grupo estudio de 200 personas prejubilables, de 55 a 65 años de edad. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos-matemáticos. Se aplicaron técnicas psicológicas antes y después de la musicoterapia en el grupo estudio y en el grupo control. Resultados: se constataron resultados relevantes en el grupo estudio, y se registraron cambios muy significativos: más estados emocionales ansiosos bajo y depresivo leve, autoestima alta, y notable mejoría en la vulnerabilidad al estrés. En el grupo control no se reflejaron cambios favorables. Conclusiones: la musicoterapia resultó efectiva por el logro de cambios positivos en el estado emocional en personas prejubilables del grupo estudio. La identificación prometedora de potencialidades en el lenguaje musical, con la utilización mínima de la palabra en la atención integral a personas en etapa de prejubilación, constituyó una novedad.

Abstract This study was to evaluate meat quality of quails supplemented with oregano essential oils (OEO) Lippia berlandieri Schauer (Lb) and Poliomintha longiflora Gray (Pl). Experimental diets consisted on CON: control diet, Lb: 0.20 g kg−1 Lippia berlandieri Schauer and Pl: 0.20 g kg−1 Poliomintha longiflora Gray added on diet. Variables of slaughter, physicochemicals, texture and sensorial attributes were evaluated. Lb increased (P < 0.05) slaughter weight. The pH and water holding capacity (WHC) decreased (P < 0.05) for Lb and Pl treatments, while CON treatment showed higher (P < 0.05) WHC. PI had the best value on lightness (P < 0.05). CON increased (P < 0.05) cohesiveness and resilience of meat; however, sensory atributtes did not change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, 0.20 g kg−1 of OEO in diet improved slaughter yields and meat quality.

Resumen Este estudio evaluó la calidad de la carne de codorniz suplementadas con aceites de orégano (AEO) Lippia berlandieri Schauer (Lb) y Poliomintha longiflora Gray(Pl). Los tratamientos fueron CON: dieta control, Lb: 0.20 g kg−1 Lippia berlandieri Schauer en dieta y Pl: 0.20 g kg−1 Poliomintha longiflora Gray en dieta. Las variables de sacrificio, fisicoquímicas, textura y sensoriales fueron evaluadas. El peso sacrificio incrementó (P < 0.05) en Lb. El pH y capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) disminuyeron (P < 0.05) en Lb y Pl, mientras que CON presentó (P < 0.05) más CRA. En Pl se obtuvo el mejor valor (P < 0.05) de luminosidad. La cohesividad y resistencia de la carne incrementaron (P < 0.05) para CON; sin embargo, los atributos sensoriales no cambiaron (P > 0.05). En conclusión, los aceites de orégano en 0.20 g kg−1 mejoran los rendimientos sacrificio y calidad de la carne.

Resumo Para investigar a eficácia anti-helmíntica de Divi-divi (Caesalpinia coriaria), uma planta medicinal tradicional usada na América Central e no norte da América do Sul. Extratos das folhas dessa planta foram utilizados em testes in vitro de inibição da eclosão de ovos (EHT) e desembainhamento larvar (LEIT) de Haemonchus contortus. Quatro diferentes extratos foram avaliados: acetona-água (AW), metanol-água (MW), acetona-água-diclorometano (AWD) e metanol-água-diclorometano (MWD). Para os testes EHT e LEIT, as concentrações utilizadas variaram de 500 a 4000 µg mL-1, em seis repetições por concentração. As concentrações efetivas (EC50) foram calculadas, usando-se a análise Probit. A EC50 para EHT foram 2947,0; 3347,0; 3959,6 e 4538,7 µg mL-1 para MWD, MW, AW e AWD, respectivamente. As EC50 para LEIT foram 2883,4; 5927,4; 9876,3 e 9955,4 µg mL-1 para AWD, AW, MWD e MW, respectivamente. Os extratos de metanol foram os mais eficazes em inibir a eclosão de ovos, enquanto os extratos de acetona mostraram-se eficazes em inibir a desembainhamento larvar. Este estudo ajuda a explicar a importância da C. coriaria como planta medicinal nos países da América Central e América do Sul.

Abstract To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), a traditional medicinal plant used in Central America and the northern part of South America, extracts from the foliage of this plant were subjected to the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT), against Haemonchus contortus. Four different extracts were evaluated: acetone-water (AW), methanol-water (MW), acetone-water-dichloromethane (AWD) and methanol-water-dichloromethane (MWD). The concentrations used for the EHT and LEIT tests ranged from 500 to 4000 µg mL-1 and six repetitions per concentration. The effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated using Probit analysis. The EC50 for EHT were 2947.0, 3347.0, 3959.6 and 4538.7 µg mL-1 for MWD, MW, AW and AWD, respectively. The EC50 for LEIT were 2883.4, 5927.4, 9876.3 and 9955.4 µg mL-1 for AWD, AW, MWD and MW, respectively. The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment. This study explains the importance that C. coriaria has as a medicinal plant in Central and South American countries.

ABSTRACT Psychotropic drugs are frequently consumed by the population; their irrational use threatens the quality of life of patients who take them regularly without medical supervision. The objective of this research is to characterize the consumption of psychotropic drugs in a Basic Work Group from the health area of ‟Martha Abreu de Estevez” University Teaching Polyclinic. These drugs are often taken for self-medication, prescribed for complacency, and although they have a precise medical indication, sometimes the established norms for their correct use are not met. Ages between 50 and 64 years and female gender predominated among the epidemiological variables. Lower blood pressure and alleviate family and work problems were the main causes of consumption. We concluded that there was a high rate of self-medicated use of psychotropic drugs; the interviewees had access to them through unconventional ways, not related to the health system.

RESUMEN Los psicofármacos son frecuentemente consumidos por la población; su uso irracional atenta contra la calidad de vida de los pacientes que los toman regularmente sin supervisión médica. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar el consumo de psicofármacos en un Grupo Básico de Trabajo en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente Universitario Martha Abreu de Estévez. Frecuentemente, se toman por automedicación, son prescriptos por complacencia y aunque tengan una indicación médica precisa, en ocasiones no se cumplen las normas establecidas para su uso correcto. Entre las variables epidemiológicas predominaron: las edades entre 50 y 64 años y el sexo femenino. Las principales causas del consumo fueron: para disminuir la tensión arterial y aliviar problemas familiares y laborales. Se concluyó que existió un alto índice de consumo de psicofármacos de manera automedicada; los entrevistados accedieron a estos a través de vías no convencionales, no relacionadas con el sistema de salud.

RESUMEN Los fenómenos de la violencia escolar y el malestar docente son contemporáneos. El primero fue delimitado por Olweus en 1978, mientras que el segundo fue acotado por Esteve en 1987. Son pocos los estudios que han ubicado como objeto de investigación la relación entre ambos; sin embargo, desde inicios del siglo XXI se ha empezado a reconocer situaciones de maltrato y agresiones hacia los docentes. Desde una revisión documental de los estudios sobre el tema, incluyendo elementos legislativos, se elaboró una base de datos y un fichero referencial, que permitieron un análisis de contenido que llevó a identificar el papel de los cambios en el sistema educativo y la profesión docente, como determinantes de una relación pedagógica en la que el docente es destituido del lugar de saber pedagógico, generando victimización por parte de sus estudiantes, con consecuencias en su salud, e incluso, la aparición de enfermedades profesionales.

SUMMARY Teacher's discomfort and School violence phenomena are contemporary. The first one was implemented by Olweus in 1978 and the second by Esteve in 1987. There are few studies about this relationship, however from the beginning of the 21st Century the school violence towards the Teachers have been documented. In the documental revision of the topic, including legal papers, a database and a reference database were created to analyze the content in order to identify the chances in the education system and Teachers Development as a relevant pedagogical relationship in which the teacher is removed from their knowledge-pedagogical base generating to be seen as victims, health problems and even, professional illnesses.

SUMÁRIO Os fenômenos da violência escolar e do desconforto dos professores são contemporâneos. O primeiro foi delimitado por Olweus em 1978, enquanto o segundo foi delimitado por Esteve em 1987. Poucos estudos colocaram a relação entre os dois como objeto de investigação; No entanto, desde o início do século XXI, situações de abuso e agressão a professores começaram a ser reconhecidas. A partir de uma revisão documental dos estudos sobre o assunto, incluindo elementos legislativos, foram elaborados um banco de dados e um arquivo de referência, o que permitiu uma análise de conteúdo que levou à identificação do papel das mudanças no sistema educacional e na profissão docente, como determinantes de uma relação pedagógica na qual o professor é retirado do lugar do conhecimento pedagógico, gerando vitimização por seus alunos, com consequências para a saúde e até o surgimento de doenças ocupacionais.

Abstract Chicken breast was marinated with oregano oil (OO) to evaluate its quality over 14 days at 4 °C. Treatments were T1 = marinated chicken breast without OO, T2 = marinated chicken breast + 2000 mg/kg of OO, and T3 = marinated chicken breast + 4000 mg/kg of OO. Chicken breast with OO showed higher and lower (p < 0.05) values of pH after over 1 and 7 days, respectively. T2 had higher (p < 0.05) values on lightness and T3 the highest (p < 0.05) yellowness. Protein content showed the maximum (p < 0.05) value at 14 days. At these days T1, T2 y T3 given higher (p < 0.05) values on antioxidant capacity, mesophilic, psychrophilic and lactic acid bacteria. These treatments obtained the lowest (p < 0.05) fungi and yeast number. Chicken breast texture presented the highest (p < 0.05) values at 14 d. T2 and T3 improved (p < 0.05) the acceptance of global odor and oregano odor at 7 and 14 d, while hardness and overall acceptability for T2 were the best (p < 0.05) at 14 d. Oregano oil can be used (2000 and 4000 g/kg) into chicken breast marinated to preserve their physicochemical traits, nutrient content, texture and acceptability.

Resumen Pechugas de pollo se marinaron sin y con aceite de orégano (AO) para evaluar su calidad durante 14 días a 4 °C. Los tratamientos fueron T1 = pechuga marinada sin AO, T2= pechuga marinada con 2000 mg/kg AO y T3 = pechuga marinada con 4000 mg/kg AO. Las pechugas tratadas con AO presentaron los valores de pH más altos y bajos después de 1 y 7 días de almacenamiento, respectivamente. El T2 causó los valores más altos (p < 0.05) en luminosidad y el T3 la mayor (p < 0.05) pigmentación amarilla. El contenido de proteína presentó su valor máximo (p < 0.05) a los 14 días. Los tratamientos T1, T2 y T3 a los 14 días causaron los valores más altos (p < 0.05) de capacidad antioxidante, mesófilos, psicrótrofos y bacterias ácido lácticas. Estos tratamientos presentaron la menor (p < 0.05) carga de hongos y levaduras. La textura de las pechugas presentó los valores más bajos (p < 0.05) a los 14 días. Los tratamientos T2 y T3 mejoraron (p < 0.05) la aceptabilidad del olor global y olor a orégano a los 7 y 14 días, mientras que la dureza y aceptabilidad causada por el T2 fueron mejores (p < 0.05) a los 14 días. El AO puede ser usado a dosis de 2000 y 4000 mg/kg en el marinado de pechugas para conservar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, contenido nutrimental, textura y aceptabilidad.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of agave inulin (AI) and Mexican oregano essential oil (MOEO) on the productive behavior, slaughter variables and quality of broiler meat. A total of 330, 1-day-old Ross-308 broilers were randomly assigned to six treatments with five replications each (11 chickens per pen): T1 = control diet, T2 = diet + 5.0 g kg-1 AI, T3 = diet + 10.0 g kg-1 AI, T4 = diet + 5.0 g kg-1 AI + 0.2 g kg-1 MOEO, T5 = diet + 10.0 g kg-1 AI + 0.2 g kg-1 MOEO, and T6 = diet + 0.2 g kg-1 MOEO. Chickens in T4 and T5 (p < 0.05) weighed less than in T1, but feed consumption was higher in T2 (5.63 kg) and the lowest in T6 (4.77 kg). Sacrifice and wing weight (p < 0.05) were higher in T1 and lower in T5 and T4. Water retention, hardness and gomosity (p < 0.05) were higher in T3 (63.2%; 9.36 kgf; 3204.9 g) and lower in T1 (56.98%; 7.28 kgf; 2532.7 g), and the yellow color was higher in T5 and lower in T3. Agave inulin (10.0 g kg-1) and oregano oil (0.2 g kg-1) can be used in broilers to improve meat production and quality.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la inulina de agave (IA) y aceite esencial de orégano Mexicano (AEOM) en el comportamiento productivo, variables de sacrificio y calidad de la carne de pollos de engorda. Un total de 330 pollos de engorda (1 día de edad) Ross-308 se asignaron de forma aleatoria a seis tratamientos con cinco repeticiones cada uno (11 pollos por corral): T1 = dieta control, T2 = dieta + 5.0 g kg-1 IA, T3 = dieta + 10.0 g kg-1 IA, T4 = dieta + 5.0 g kg-1 IA + 0.2 g kg-1 AEOM, T5 = dieta + 10.0 g kg-1 IA + 0.2 g kg-1 AEOM, y T6 = dieta + 0.2 g kg-1 AEOM. Los pollos de T4 y T6 (p < 0.05) pesaron menos que T1, pero el consumo de alimento fue más alto en T2 (5.63 kg) y el más bajo en T6 (4.77 kg). El peso sacrificio y alas (p < 0.05) fueron más altos en T1 y más bajos en T5 y T4. La retención de agua, dureza y gomosidad (p < 0.05) fueron mayores en T3 (63.2%; 9.36 kgf; 3204.9 g) y menores en T1 (56.98%; 7.28 kgf; 2532.7 g), y el color amarillo fue más alto en T5 y más bajo en T3. La inulina de agave (10.0 g kg-1) y el aceite de orégano (0.2 g kg-1) pueden usarse en la engorda de pollos para mejorar la producción y calidad de la carne.

Abstract Distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are widely in livestock diets to replace costly ingredients. An evaluation was done of the effect of dietary inclusion of different levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 %) of DDGS on carcass and meat quality in rabbits. At 96 d, after the growth period, a sample of 56 rabbits (Negro Azteca x Chinchilla) were slaughtered. Carcass characteristics were measured and calculated using twenty rabbits (5 per treatment): carcass proportions of anterior limbs, posterior limbs, ribs and loins; weight of meat, bone and loin fat; and the meat:bone ratio. A sensory evaluation of rabbit meat acceptance was done with a panel of 46 untrained evaluators who expressed their perceptions of meat aroma, color, flavor and texture. Color of the Longissimus dorsi muscle was quantified with the CIELAB system, and texture measured via shear force. Carcass and meat quality results were analyzed with an ANOVA. Sensory evaluation results were assessed with non-parametric statistics. No differences (P>0.05) were present in the carcass, organoleptic and meat texture results. The b* chromatic parameter was higher (P<0.05) in the treatments containing 10, 20 and 30 % DDGS (11.77, 12.17 and 12.22, respectively) than in the control diet (9.68). Sensory evaluation showed that rabbit meat with or without DDGS was perceived as having an agreeable aroma and taste, pale color and soft texture. Dietary inclusion of DDGS at up to 30 % had no effect on carcass or meat characteristics in rabbits.

Resumen Se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles (0, 10, 20 y 30 %) de grano seco de destilería con solubles (DDGS), sobre la calidad de la canal y de la carne de conejos en crecimiento, utilizando 56 conejos (Negro Azteca x Chinchilla) de 40 días de edad. Terminado el período de ceba, se sacrificaron 20 conejos (5 por tratamiento) y se determinó la proporción de la canal conformada por las extremidades anteriores, extremidades posteriores, costillas y lomo. Se determinó el peso total de carne, hueso y grasa del lomo, y se calculó la relación carne:hueso para toda la canal. Se realizó la evaluación sensorial de la carne con 46 panelistas que valoraron el olor, color, sabor y textura. En el músculo Longissimus dorsi se determinó el color, evaluando la luminosidad (L*), el índice de rojo (a*) y el índice de amarillos (b*). Además, se evaluó textura mediante medición de la fuerza de ruptura. Los resultados de calidad de la canal y de la carne se analizaron por medio de ANOVA. Los resultados de la evaluación sensorial se evaluaron con estadística no paramétrica. No hubo diferencias (P>0.05) en las mediciones de la canal, características organolépticas ni textura de la carne. El parámetro b* del color de la carne fue mayor (P<0.05) en las dietas con 10, 20 y 30 % de DDGS (11.77, 12.17 y 12.22 respectivamente) comparado con la dieta control (9.68). La evaluación sensorial evidenció que la carne de conejo con o sin DDGS tuvo un olor y sabor agradable, color pálido y textura suave. Se concluyó que la inclusión de DDGS hasta 30 % en la dieta, no afectó las características de la canal ni de la carne de los conejos.

ABSTRACT The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of Mexican oregano essential oil (MOO) extracts from Lippia berlandieri Schauer (LBS) and Poliomintha longiflora Gray (PLG) on performance, blood profiles, carcass variables, and meat composition of broilers at slaugther. A total of 360 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments with six replicate pens per treatment and 15 birds per pen. The dietary treatments were: a basal diet (control), control + 0.40 g of LBS/kg of feed, control + 0.40 g of PLG/kg, and control + 0.40 g of LBS/kg + 0.40 g of PLG/kg. Results showed that linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of days were significant in the performance variables of broilers. The treatments with LBS and PLG maintained the broiler body weight without increasing feed intake and water intake when compared with the control group. Broilers given LBS+PLG and PLG had increased blood leukocytes, lymphocytes, low-density lipoprotein, and hot carcass yields. In meat composition, treatments with PLG and LBS+PLG presented similar breast protein content compared with the control treatment. Supplementation with these two MOO exhibits positive effects on broiler performance, blood profiles, carcass traits, and meat composition. These two MOO may be promising feed supplements as growth promoters and enhancers of meat quality in broiler production.