Abstract Background Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). When surgery is not a choice, only radiotherapy is recommended for patients with high-risk facial BCC. Interferon could be an acceptable therapeutic option for these patients. Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical response to interferon therapy in patients with high-risk facial BCC. Methods Patients with high-risk facial BCC were treated with perilesional injections of alpha-2b+ gamma interferons. Those with incomplete clinical response were reevaluated, their residual tumors excised, and declared cured. Patients treated with interferon and those treated with interferon plus surgery were followed for five years. Time to recurrence and the emergence of a new facial BCC were estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Adverse events were documented. Results This study included 195 participants; 143 (73.3%) showed a complete response (95% CI 67.2‒80.1). Patients developed recurrence after a mean of 55 months (95% CI 53.8‒57.4). The estimated rate of recurrence was 12.3% (95% CI 7.4‒17.1). Patients developed a new BCC after a mean of 52.7 months (95% CI 50.4‒54.9). The estimated rate for development of a new BCC was 20.0% (95% CI 14.4‒25.9). Fifteen (7.7%) patients abandoned the study during follow-up. Adverse events were frequent but moderate or mild; fever and local pain were the most frequent. Study limitations Observational cohort design without a control group for comparison. Conclusions Perilesional injections of alpha-2b+ gamma interferons in patients with facial high-risk BCC offer a satisfactory cure rate after five years of follow-up with an acceptable safety profile. . (BCC) highrisk high risk longterm long term alpha2b+ alpha2b alphab alpha 2b+ 2b b alpha-2b reevaluated excised cured KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier analysis documented 19 participants 14 73.3% 733 73 3 (73.3% 95% 95 (95 67.2‒80.1. 672801 67.2‒80.1 67 2 80 1 67.2‒80.1) 5 53.8‒57.4. 538574 53.8‒57.4 53 8 57 4 53.8‒57.4) 123 12 12.3 7.4‒17.1. 74171 7.4‒17.1 7 17 7.4‒17.1) 527 52 52. 50.4‒54.9. 504549 50.4‒54.9 50 54 9 50.4‒54.9) 200 20 0 20.0 14.4‒25.9. 144259 14.4‒25.9 25 14.4‒25.9) 7.7% 77 (7.7% followup. followup follow up. up mild comparison profile (BCC 73.3 (73.3 (9 67280 67.2‒80. 6 53857 53.8‒57. 12. 7417 7.4‒17. 50454 50.4‒54. 20. 14425 14.4‒25. 7.7 (7.7 73. (73. ( 6728 67.2‒80 5385 53.8‒57 741 7.4‒17 5045 50.4‒54 1442 14.4‒25 7. (7. (73 672 67.2‒8 538 53.8‒5 74 7.4‒1 504 50.4‒5 144 14.4‒2 (7 67.2‒ 53.8‒ 7.4‒ 50.4‒ 14.4‒ 67.2 53.8 7.4 50.4 14.4 67. 53. 50. 14.

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar técnicas para la multiplicación in vitro, enraizamiento in vitro y adaptación ex vitro de plantas de moras silvestres (Rubus macrocarpus Benth y Rubus bogotensis Kunth). En las fases in vitro, se evaluó la influencia de medios de cultivo basados en la composición Murashige & Skoog (MS), reducidos o no en un 50% en sus sales, vitaminas y myo-inositol y suplementados o no con bencilaminopurina (BAP), ácido indol acético (AIA), L-cisteina, agar, turba, perlita y vermiculita. La fase ex vitro se fundamentó en el manejo del sustrato conformado por tierra, cascarilla de arroz, turba y perlita. Al término de los 2 meses de evaluación de las fases in vitro, se determinó que el medio MS al 50% en sales, vitaminas y myo-inositol y suplementado con sacarosa (15000 mg.l-1) y agar (5000 mg.l-1), fue el más indicado para la obtención de los mayores valores de la media en las variables longitud apical (cm), número de brotes, porcentaje de enraizamiento y número de raíces. En la adaptación ex vitro, la subfase aclimatación evaluada durante 3 meses, determinó porcentajes de sobrevivencia del 83.33% y 75% para R. macrocarpus y R. bogotensis. El incremento en longitud promedio del tallo (cm) fue de 2.35 cm y 1.30 cm, respectivamente. En la subfase de invernadero, evaluada durante 4 meses, se registró 100% de sobrevivencia en las plantas y un incremento en longitud promedio del tallo (cm) para R. macrocarpus de 2.75 cm y para R. bogotensis de 5.31 cm.

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate techniques for in vitro multiplication and rooting and ex vitro adaptation of wild blackberry plants (Rubus bogotensis Benth. and Rubus macrocarpus Kunth). In in vitro phases, the influence of culture media was evaluated based on Murashige & Skoog (MS) composition, with or without a 50% reduction in salts, vitamins, and myo-inositol and supplemented or not with benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole acetic acid (IAA), L-cysteine, agar, peat, perlite, and vermiculite. The ex vitro phase was based on a soil, rice husks, peat, and perlite substrate management. After two months of evaluation of the in vitro phases, it was determined that the MS medium at 50% salts, vitamins, and myo-inositol and supplemented with sucrose (15000 mg.l-1) and agar (5000 mg.l-1) was the most suitable for obtaining the highest values of apical length (cm), shoot number, rooting percentage, and root number. In ex vitro adaptation, the acclimation subphase, evaluated during three months, allowed to determine survival rates of 83.33% and 75% for R. macrocarpus and R. bogotensis, respectively. The average increase in stem length (cm) was 2.35 cm and 1.30 cm, respectively. In the greenhouse subphase, evaluated for four months, 100% plant survivorship was obtained, and 2.75 cm and 5.31 cm increases in average stem length (cm) for R. macrocarpus and R. bogotensis were determined.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar medios de cultivo de germinación para el establecimiento in vitro de Hypericum goyanesii e Hypericum juniperinum como estrategia de conservación ex situ, por medios biotecnológicos de especies vegetales pertenecientes al ecosistema alto-andino. Las semillas se desinfectaron con hipoclorito de sodio y se sembraron en seis tratamientos basados en los medios de cultivo Murashige & Skoog (MS) y MS con reducción del 50% de sus macro y microsales y vitaminas, con y sin la adición de carbón activado y pulpa de banano. La germinación se favoreció por el empleo de pulpa de banano en el medio MS con reducción de sales y suplementado con carbón activado. Fue posible evidenciar que los explantes sexuales de H. goyanesii e H. juniperinum estuvieron influenciados positivamente en la variable porcentaje de germinación, por el empleo de sustancias orgánicas en reemplazo de reguladores de crecimiento.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate germination culture media for the in vitro establishment Hyperi-cum goyanesii e Hypericum juniperinum as ex situ conservation strategy for biotechnology of plant species belonging to the high-Andean ecosystem. The seeds were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and seeded into six treatments MS and MS with 50% reduction of its macro and microsales and vitaminas, with and without the addition of activated charcoal and pulp banana. Germination is favored by the use of banana pulp in MS medium with reducing salts and supplemented with activated charcoal. It was possible to show that sexual explants and H. goyanesii e H. goyanesii juniperinum were influenced positively variable germination percentage, by the use of organic substances to replace growth regulators.