Abstract Cypselae anatomical studies have helped to understand the evolution and classification of some groups within Asteraceae. In Eupatorieae, there are many uncertainties about the Campuloclinium circumscription. There are currently two classifications for the genus, and still no consensus for their delimitation. Since structural studies have contributed to the delimitation of groups in Asteraceae, we studied the cypselae of Campuloclinium, searching how the pericarpial taxonomic features could enlighten the genus classification. We studied the fruits of eleven species of this genus through morphological and anatomical observation. Our results showed relevant features to the classification of Campuloclinium and its closely related groups. The stipitate cypsela together with other diagnostic characters are relevant to delimitation of this genus within of Eupatorieae. The trichomes present in cypselae have taxonomic proved to be a possible diagnostic character for the genus, and the six-celled trichomes are essential to distinguish C. campuloclinioides and C. hirsutum. The combination of phylogenetic and structural studies may lead to future research on the delimitation of Campuloclinium and its clades and understand how the stipitate cypselae and the phytomelanin layer evolve in Eupatorieae.

Abstract Phytomelanin is a mechanically hard, blackish, and inert substance rarely found in plants. In Asteraceae, this substance was historically associated with the Heliantheae alliance, but recent studies have observed it in unrelated groups as Heterocoma and Wunderlichia. During a taxonomic investigation, we found phytomelanin in cypselae of Lychnophora salicifolia an unusual feature in Vernonieae previously found only in Heterocoma. Furthermore, phytomelanin fills the intercellular spaces of the sclerenchymatic outer mesocarp in L. salicifolia. Our results doubt the (syn)apomorphy status in Heterocoma, suggest the phytomelanin may have not the same evolutionary significance in Lychnophorinae as in other tribes and proposes new perspectives for evolutionary studies in Asteraceae.

Resumo Este trabalho realiza o tratamento sistemático da tribo Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) no Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O tratamento consta de uma chave de identificação, descrições, comentários taxonômicos, dados de floração e frutificação, ilustrações e status de conservação para as espécies. No total foram levantadas 35 espécies, pertencentes a 16 gêneros e 11 subtribos, destacando a riqueza da tribo em formações florestais e em campos de altitude neste parque nacional. O gênero mais diverso é Mikania (14 spp.), seguido por Chromolaena (quatro spp.). Os demais gêneros são representados por uma ou duas espécies cada. Vinte e uma espécies são exclusivas do Brasil e destas, quatro estão restritas à Mata Atlântica. Três espécies são novas ocorrências para Minas Gerais, enquanto nove são novos registros para o Espírito Santo e cinco são novas ocorrências para Mata Atlântica. Mikania additicia encontra-se ameaçada de extinção e Symphyopappus myricifolius é uma espécie endêmica dos campos de altitude do Parque Nacional do Caparaó.

Abstract The systematic treatment of Eupatorieae tribe (Asteraceae) in the Caparaó National Park, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was carried out. Identification key, descriptions, taxonomic comments, flowering and fruiting data, illustrations and conservation status were provided for the species. In total, 35 species from 16 genera and 11 subtribes were surveyed, highlighting the great richness of this tribe in forest formation and mountain higlands in this national park. The most diverse genus is Mikania (14 spp.), followed by Chromolaena (four spp). The other genera are represented by either one or two species each. Twenty-one species are exclusive to Brazil and four species are restricted for the Atlantic Forest. Three species are new occurrence from Minas Gerais, meanwhile nine species are new record from Espírito Santo and five new occurrence for the Atlantic Forest biome. Symphyopappus myricifolius is an endemic species for the Caparaó National Park mountain highlands, and M. additicia is an endangered species.

Resumo Dados palinológicos são usados em Vernonieae para a delimitação de gênero e espécies, principalmente na subtribo Lepidaploinae. Por este motivo, estudos palinológicos no gênero Lepidaploa são importantes para solucionar conflitos taxonômicos a nível genérico e específico. Os grãos de pólen de 23 espécies de Lepidaploa foram caracterizados com o objetivo de buscar diferenças morfológicas entre eles. Além disso, comparamos o pólen encontrado nestas espécies com o grão de pólen de outros gêneros de Lepidaploinae. Os resultados demonstraram que as espécies apresentam pólen do tipo “C” (com lacuna polar) ou “G” (sem lacuna polar), são oblato-esferoidal, subprolato o prolato-esferoidal, 3-colporado e equinolofado. O tipo de grão de pólen e sua forma foram taxonômicamente úteis. Ambos os caracteres foram utilizados para distinguir gêneros da subtribo e as espécies de Lepidaploa. Juntamente com a macromorfologia os dados dos grãos de pólen permitem delimitar os gêneros e espécies estudados.

Abstract Palynological data have been used in Vernonieae for generic and specific delimitations, particularly in the Lepidaploinae subtribe. For this reason, pollen studies in the genus Lepidaploa are important to solve taxonomic conflicts. We characterized 23 species of Lepidaploa searching for morphological differences among themselves. We then compared the data obtained with other genera of the Lepidaploinae. The results show that the species have pollen type “C” (with polar lacuna) or “G” (without polar lacuna), oblate-spheroidal, subprolate or prolate-spheroidal, 3-colporate and equinolophate. The pollen types and shape of pollen grain are taxonomically useful. Pollen morphology is useful to distinguish species and genera of Lepidaploinae. Together with macromorphological data it is possible to delimit Lepidaploa and the species studied here.

ABSTRACT Lepidaploa is a taxonomically complex genus of Vernonieae, which is difficult to delimit morphologically due to vegetative and reproductive characters that overlap with Chrysolaena and Lessingianthus. Anatomical studies of cypselae are taxonomically useful for delimiting subtribes, genera and species of Asteraceae, and especially within Astereae and Eupatorieae. Given the importance of cypselae to the taxonomy of tribes of Asteraceae, we searched for morphological patterns among the species of Lepidaploa. Using light microscopy, we analyzed fruits of 21 species of Lepidaploa to evaluate the taxonomic position of the genus and species of questionable placement in the group. Our results showed that the morphologies of the cypselae of species of Lepidaploa are homogeneous and similar to other species of Vernonieae. However, pappus vascularization and the number of mesocarp layers could be useful for differentiating the sister groups Chrysolaena, Lepidaploa and Lessingianthus, which present similar macro- and micro-morphological, palynological and chromosomal characters. Also, the presence of glandular trichomes and idioblasts in the cypsela, and lignified cells in the carpopodium exocarp, can be used to separate closely related species.

Heliantheae s.l., a terceira maior tribo da família Asteraceae, possui 48 gêneros e 379 espécies no Brasil, das quais 199 espécies são restritas ao país. A tribo está bem representada na Cadeia do Espinhaço que apresenta grande diversidade e endemismo. Neste trabalho foi realizado o tratamento florístico de Heliantheae s.l. para o Parque Estadual do Biribiri (PEB), localizado na Cadeia do Espinhaço, município de Diamantina, Estado de Minas Gerais. No tratamento é apresentada uma chave de identificação para as espécies, seguida de descrições morfológicas, comentários taxonômicos e distribuição geográfica. A tribo Heliantheae s.l. no PEB possui nove gêneros e 16 espécies: Acanthospermum, Aldama, Cosmos, Dimerostemma, Galinsoga e Melampodium (uma espécie cada), Aspilia e Bidens (três spp. cada) e Calea (quatro spp.). O PEB apresenta grande representatividade de Heliantheae s.l. quando comparado com outras áreas já estudadas no Estado de Minas Gerais. Além disso, 12,5% das suas espécies são restritas ao Estado, demonstrando a importância do Parque na conservação da flora da Cadeia do Espinhaço no Estado de Minas Gerais.

Heliantheae s.l., the third largest tribe in the Asteraceae family, has 48 genera and 379 species in Brazil, with 199 species restricted to this country. The tribe is very representative of Espinhaço Range flora, which presents a great diversity and endemism. This work presents the taxonomic treatment of Heliantheae s.l. of Parque Estadual do Biribiri (PEB), located in the Espinhaço Range, Diamantina municipality, Minas Gerais State. It provides an identification key, morphological description, geographic distribution, and taxonomic commentaries for each species. The tribe Heliantheae s.l. in PEB has nine genera and 16 species: Acanthospermum, Aldama, Cosmos, Dimerostemma, Galinsoga, and Melampodium (one species each); Aspiliaand Bidens (three spp. each), and Calea (four spp.). The PEB has a great number of species Heliantheae s.l.compared with other areas of Minas Gerais State, and it has 12.5% of its species restricted to Minas Gerais State, revealing the importance of this park to protect the flora of Espinhaço Range.