Neste artigo, oferecemos formulações padronizadas das principais ideias do modelo das interações entre as atividades científicas e os valores, proposto em anos recentes na revista Scientiae Studia. O modelo trata das várias funções desempenhadas pelos valores - éticos, sociais, políticos, cognitivos (epis têmi cos), religiosos etc. - nas atividades científicas e de seu impacto na viabilidade dos ideais (imparciali dade, abran gência, neutralidade, autonomia) da tradição da ciência moderna.

In this article, we offer standardized versions of the principal ideas of the model of the interactions among scientific activities and values that has been proposed in recent years within Scientiae Studia. The model deals with the various roles played by values - ethical, social, political, cognitive (epistemic), religious, etc -in scientific activities, and with their impact on the viability of the ideals (impartiality, comprehensiveness, neutrality, autonomy) of the tradition of modern science.

Esta nota apresenta comentários e críticas ulteriores à manifestação feita na Audiência Pública, organizada pelo Ministério Público Federal em 12 de dezembro de 2013, sobre a atuação da Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança (CTNBio) no caso da liberação comercial de sementes GM resistentes a agro tóxicos. Os comentários aqui desenvolvidos seguem duas linhas: primeiro, faço considerações sociológicas sobre o sistema brasileiro de regulação biotecnológica; a seguir, comento, de uma perspectiva pragmática compatível com o modelo da interação entre as atividades científicas e os valores, as consequências epistemológicas e éticas das práticas correntes das empresas de biotecnologia agrícola.

This note presents further commentaries and critiques to the presentation I made in the Public Audience, organized by the Public Federal Ministry in 12th December 2013, about the current situation of the National Technical Commission of Bio-security (CTNBio) concerning the commercial authorization of GM crops resistant to agrotoxics. There are two lines to my commentaries: first, sociological considerations about the Brazilian system of biotechnological regulation; and second, epistemological and ethical consequences of the current practices of the biotechnological enterprises that I address from a pragmatic perspective compatible with the model of the interaction between scientific activities and values.

Na primeira parte deste artigo, sumariamos a versão padronizada do modelo da interação entre as atividades científicas e os valores (M-CV) apresentada em Lacey e Mariconda (no prelo). Esboçamos, então, argumentos, desenvolvidos a partir do modelo em Lacey (no prelo), em favor de três propostas: (1) a de que há uma incoerência profunda no autoentendimento comum da tradição científica moderna; (2) aquela segundo a qual as principais opções atualmente disponíveis para assegurar a continuidade das realizações positivas da tradição científica podem ser bem representadas por dois tipos ideais, que denominamos aqui respectivamente por "tecnociência comercialmente orientada" (TC) e por "pesquisa multiestratégica" (P-MS); e (3) aquela que considera que, apesar do fato de que a TC predomina nas instituições científicas atuais e que elas deixam pouco espaço para o desenvolvimento da P-MS, ainda assim, para a integridade da ciência e para fortalecer os interesses democráticos, é urgente explorar as possibilidades abertas pela P-MS.

In the first part of this article, we summarize the standardized version of the model of the interaction between scientific activities and values (M-CV) presented in Lacey & Mariconda (in press). Then, we sketch some arguments, developed (Lacey, in press) from the model, in favor of three proposals: (1) that there is a profound incoherence in the self understanding of the modern scientific tradition; (2) that the main options actually available to ensure continuity with the positive realizations of this tradition can be well represented by two sorts of ideal types that we name, respectively, "commercially orientated technoscience" and "multi-strategic research" (P-MS); and (3) that, despite the fact that TC predominates in the actual scientific institutions and that they leave little room for the development of P-MS, nevertheless, for the sake of the integrity of science and of strengthening democratic interests, it is urgent to explore the possibilities opened by P-MS.

After discussing the transformation of age-old agricultural practices that has been occurring since the mid nineteenth century, and its impact on the natural environment, I identify four features of technology that point to the ambiguity of the idea of "technological progress". These are linked to the intrinsic unpredictability (and uncertainty) of technological applications and have implications for evaluating technological risks. I then show that large scale technological applications and innovations - such as expanding the practice of smallpox inoculation in the second half of the eighteenth century - occur in states of 'technological exception'. In them, values are suspended and rules, limits and security norms are absent; and, in the face of risks, losses and harm to health and environment that are occasioned by technological applications introduced in the name of economical progress (development), normal social inhibitions become suspended in the name of furthering the values of capital and market. In addition, I show that maintaining technological exception has favored, on the one hand, the development by large corporations of antiscientific practices that threaten the moral integrity (ethos) of science by impeding the proper use of the scientific method for evaluating the consequences of using technologies that are protected by patents; and, on the other hand, under the cover of ignorance, continued deterioration of the environment that threatens the very survival of the human species.