RESUMO Muitos trabalhos têm demonstrado a relevância ecológica e a grande diversidade de morcegos no Brasil. Contudo, áreas montanhosas têm sido desproporcionalmente menos amostradas, principalmente na Região Sudeste. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi inventariar e comparar a riqueza e diversidade de morcegos Phyllostomidae, a mais diversa família de morcegos, em diferentes formações florestais no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, buscando compreender as causas das possíveis diferenças encontradas. O Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca está inserido nos domínios da Serra da Mantiqueira, em área de Mata Atlântica, na Zona da Mata do estado de Minas Gerais, cujas altitudes variam de 1.200 a 1.784 metros. O estudo foi conduzido em dois tipos de florestas, classificadas como "Nanofloresta Nebular" e "Floresta Nebular", cujos respectivos dados sobre riqueza e diversidade foram comparados. Os morcegos foram capturados com 8-10 redes de neblina por 14 meses (entre abril de 2011 a maio de 2012) e 4 noites por mês, totalizando 62.171,25 m2h de esforço de captura. Foram obtidas um total de 392 capturas (12 espécies) pertencentes à família Phyllostomidae. As espécies mais abundantes foram Sturnira lilium (59,9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11,3%), Artibeus lituratus (8,7%) e Carollia perspicillata (7,6%). As duas áreas amostradas apresentaram diferenças relacionadas à riqueza, diversidade e composição de espécies de morcegos, sendo esta diferença influenciada predominantemente por S. lilium. É provável que as diferenças observadas na assembleia de morcegos entre as duas áreas amostradas apresentem alguma relação com a variação na composição florística. O registro de A. lituratus e P. lineatus em poucos meses do ano e próximo a Ficus mexiae em frutificação sugere que pelo menos estas espécies se deslocam para o parque durante alguns períodos do ano em busca de recursos alimentares, possivelmente movendo-se através das variações altitudinais da paisagem.

ABSTRACT Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012) and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species) belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%), Artibeus lituratus (8.7%) and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%). The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.

The aim of this work was to describe the community composition of bats in mountain forest areas in the Serra Negra region, southeastern Brazil, and to compare species diversity and richness between the southern and northern slopes of mountain chain. During November 2007 to March 2010 a total of 608 captures of 19 bat species belonging to families Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae were obtained with mist-nets. Phyllostomidae constituted approximately 97% of the captures, and represented by 15 species, and Vespertilionidae nearly 3% of the captures, represented by 4 species. Sturnira lilium was the most frequently captured species (n = 207), followed by Carollia perspicillata (n = 154), Desmodus rotundus (n = 98) and Artibeus lituratus (n = 50). The number of species found (19) is close to the richness estimated by Chao 1 index (21.7). There was no difference in Simpson diversity indices between the slopes, and rarefaction analysis also showed that there was no difference in species richness. The relative abundance of species was different between northern and southern slopes of Serra Negra, as noted by differences in captures of the most common species. Although the availability of food resources was not directly assessed, some data previously recorded in Serra Negra suggest that the presence of more abundant species may be linked to the availability of food resources.

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la composición de la comunidad de murciélagos en las zonas boscosas de montaña en la región de Serra Negra, sudeste de Brasil, y comparar la diversidad y riqueza de especies entre las laderas sur y norte. Durante noviembre 2007 hasta marzo 2010 se obtuvieron con redes de niebla un total de 608 capturas de 19 especies de murciélagos pertenecientes a las familias Phyllostomidae y Vespertilionidae. Phyllostomidae constituyó el 97.4% de las capturas, lo que representa 15 especies; Vespertilionidae conformó el 3% de las capturas, con 4 especies. Sturnira lilium fue la especie más frecuentemente capturada (n = 207), seguida de Carollia perspicillata (n = 154), Desmodus rotundus (n = 98) y Artibeus lituratus (n = 50). El número de especies encontradas (19) está muy cerca de la riqueza estimada por Chao 1 índice (21.7). No hubo diferencia en los índices de diversidad de Simpson entre las pistas, y los análisis de rarificación también mostraron que no había diferencia en la riqueza de especies. La principal diferencia entre las pendientes radica en la composición de la comunidad, como se ha señalado por las diferencias en las capturas de las especies más comunes. A pesar que la disponibilidad de recursos alimenticios no se evaluó directamente, observaciones personales y los datos florísticos registrados previamente en Serra Negra sugieren que la presencia de las especies más abundantes de quirópteros está ligada a la disponibilidad de recursos alimenticios.

A Floresta Atlântica apresenta uma alta taxa de destruição e pouca informação disponível de alguns aspectos da biologia da avifauna neotropical. Alterações do ambiente são fatores importantes que influenciam nos recursos disponíveis para as aves. Nós comparamos o nível de sensibilidade das espécies de aves do sub-bosque de dois trechos em diferentes estágios sucessionais (trechos de floresta primária e secundária). Dois trechos de 100 ha cada de Floresta Atlântica de baixada foram analisados entre agosto e dezembro de 2006. Entre as 25 espécies de aves analisadas, treze tiveram menor abundância no trecho de floresta secundária, duas na floresta primária, e dez não mostraram qualquer tendência. De acordo com os critérios adotados, as porcentagens de espécies que apresentaram sensibilidades baixa, e média e alta às alterações de habitat foram de 44% e 56%, respectivamente. O número de espécies afetadas não esteve associado ao grau de endemismo ou estrato de forrageamento. Os resultados indicam a importância do conhecimento do grau de sensibilidade das espécies de aves quanto à modificação dos habitats e não apenas aos efeitos da fragmentação florestal.

The Atlantic Forest has a high destruction rate and there is little information available on some aspects of the neotropical bird biology. Changes in environment are important factors that affect the resources available to birds. We compared the species sensitivity level of understorey birds in two areas in distinct successional stages (primary and secondary sections). Two 100 ha plots of lowland Atlantic Forest were analysed between August and December 2006. Among 25 bird species recorded, thirteen had lower abundance in secondary forest, two in primary forest, and ten had not clear tendency. According to the criteria used, the percentages for species with low, and medium and high sensitivity to habitat change were 44% and 56%, respectively. The number of species was not associated with the endemism level or foraging strata. Results show the importance of knowing bird species' sensitivity level with regard to habitat modification, and not only forest fragmentation.

Eleven species of tanagers in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, were studied for 12 months and the birds diet was described. Fruits of 52 plant species were the main item consumed for all tanagers, representing 59.70% of all items in 1330 events, although different proportions in the use of this resource have been found among the bird species. The main plant families found were Myrtaceae with eight species accounting for 22.29% (n=177), and Melastomataceae with seven species accounting for 22.29% (n=177) of fruit intake. The most frequent plant species in the diet was Cecropia glaziovi Snethl. (Cecropiaceae), which made up 17.76% (n=141) of fruit intake of all species of tanagers. Arthropod consumption came second with 22.63% (n=301), but flowers, leaves, nectar, food remains left by tourists and galls were also represented. Several environmental features influenced diet composition. An Asteraceae, Vanillosmopsis erythropappa Schultz, very common in the park, was important for some birds as its flowers attracted arthropods and its branches and leaves were used as a substrate for insectivory. Fruit intake rate, some bird-plant interaction and features of food-handling were also discussed, pointing to the importance of these birds for the structure of the heterogeneous local landscape, possibly through the spread of seeds of different plant species.