RESUMO: Objetivo: O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos hospitais que participaram do Programa Nacional de Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde (PNASS 2015-2016). Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal quantitativo, que buscou mensurar o desempenho dos hospitais que participaram do programa com base nos dados do primeiro instrumento avaliativo do PNASS 2015-2016. O questionário de avaliação de processos aplicado aos hospitais contou com 102 itens, 17 critérios, agrupados em quatro blocos ou dimensões. Resultados: Participaram 1.681 hospitais. O escore médio por bloco foi: gestão organizacional (64), apoio técnico e logístico para produção de cuidado (73), gestão da atenção à saúde e do cuidado (64) e serviços/unidades específicas (72). Com relação à esfera administrativa, o melhor desempenho médio foi obtido pela esfera federal, seguido da estadual e da municipal. Os hospitais localizados no Sul e Sudeste obtiveram o melhor desempenho (73,0), seguido do Centro-Oeste (62,7), Nordeste (61,2) e Norte (58,5). Conclusão: Os hospitais que realizam procedimentos de alta complexidade, assim como os de grande porte e especiais, obtiveram melhor desempenho. Hospitais públicos federais, de gestão municipal, também alcançaram os melhores resultados, bem como os hospitais do Sul e Sudeste do país.

ABSTRACT: Aim: The present work aims to evaluate the performance of hospitals participating on the National Program for the Evaluation of Health Services (Programa Nacional de Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde - PNASS, 2015-2016). Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study, which measured the performance of hospitals participating in the program, using data from the first PNASS 2015-2016 evaluation instrument. The processes evaluation questionnaire used in hospitals had 102 items, 17 criteria, grouped into four blocks or dimensions. Results: A total of 1,681 hospitals was evaluated. The average score for each block was: Organizational management (64); technical and logistical support for care provision (73); health care and care management (64); specific services/units (72). Regarding the administrative sphere, the best average performance was of the federal sphere, followed by the state and municipal ones. The hospitals located in the Southern and Southeastern regions presented the best performance (73), followed by the Midwestern (62.7), Northeastern (61.2), and Northern (58.5) regions. Conclusion: The hospitals that perform highly complex procedures, just like those large and special ones, obtained a better performance. Public federal hospitals, with municipal management, also had the best results, as well as hospitals from the Southern and Southwestern regions of the country.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar as prevalências de uso de medicamento oral para tratamento de diabetes, bem como a distribuição das fontes de obtenção segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, nas capitais dos estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal e sua evolução no período de 2012 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com indivíduos de 20 anos ou mais que referiram diagnóstico médico de diabetes, entrevistados pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) de 2012 a 2018. Estimaram-se a prevalência de uso e a distribuição das fontes de obtenção segundo variáveis sociodemográficas (IC95%). Verificaram-se as diferenças entre as proporções pelo teste χ2 de Pearson (Rao-Scott), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve aumento na prevalência de uso de medicamento oral para tratamento de diabetes de 77,4 para 85,2%, entre 2012 e 2018, e diminuição da obtenção nas farmácias de unidade de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com aumento da obtenção nas farmácias populares. Conclusões: O SUS manteve-se como a principal fonte de obtenção de antidiabéticos orais no Brasil, financiando mais de 70% dos medicamentos orais para tratamento de diabetes no país, considerando as farmácias de unidades de saúde e as farmácias populares, mostrando, assim, a importância das políticas farmacêuticas públicas na garantia do acesso a medicamentos pela população brasileira e na diminuição das iniquidades no país. Contudo a migração da obtenção pelos usuários nas unidades de saúde do SUS para as farmácias populares sugere enfraquecimento da responsabilidade da atenção primária à saúde na oferta de medicamentos antidiabéticos orais, fragilizando o vínculo e o cuidado longitudinal.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the prevalence of use of oral medications for the treatment of diabetes, as well as the distribution of sources for obtaining according to sociodemographic variables, in the Brazilian states’ capitals and in the Federal District, and their evolution from 2012 to 2018. Methods: Cross-sectional and population-based study with individuals aged ≥ 20 years who reported a medical diagnosis of diabetes, interviewed through Vigitel from 2012 to 2018. We estimated the prevalence of use and the distribution of sources for obtaining according to sociodemographic variables (95%CI). We checked differences among proportions using the Pearson’s χ2 test (Rao-Scott), with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was an increase in the prevalence of use of oral medications for the treatment of diabetes from 77.4 to 85.2% between 2012 and 2018, and a decrease in obtaining in the Health Unit Pharmacies of the Unified Health System (SUS), while there was an increase in obtaining in Popular Pharmacies. Conclusions: In Brazil, SUS remained the main source for obtaining oral antidiabetic drugs, financing more than 70% of them in the country, considering the Health Unit Pharmacies and Popular Pharmacies, thereby showing the importance of public Pharmaceutical Policies in guaranteeing the access to medications by the Brazilian population, as well as in reducing inequities in the country. Nevertheless, the migration of obtaining by users from SUS Health Units to Popular Pharmacies suggests the weakening the responsibility of Primary Health Care in the provision oral antidiabetic drugs, thereby undermining the bond and the longitudinal care.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar as prevalências de uso de medicamento oral para tratamento de diabetes, bem como a distribuição das fontes de obtenção segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, nas capitais dos estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal e sua evolução no período de 2012 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com indivíduos de 20 anos ou mais que referiram diagnóstico médico de diabetes, entrevistados pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) de 2012 a 2018. Estimaram-se a prevalência de uso e a distribuição das fontes de obtenção segundo variáveis sociodemográficas (IC95%). Verificaram-se as diferenças entre as proporções pelo teste χ2 de Pearson (Rao-Scott), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve aumento na prevalência de uso de medicamento oral para tratamento de diabetes de 77,4 para 85,2%, entre 2012 e 2018, e diminuição da obtenção nas farmácias de unidade de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com aumento da obtenção nas farmácias populares. Conclusões: O SUS manteve-se como a principal fonte de obtenção de antidiabéticos orais no Brasil, financiando mais de 70% dos medicamentos orais para tratamento de diabetes no país, considerando as farmácias de unidades de saúde e as farmácias populares, mostrando, assim, a importância das políticas farmacêuticas públicas na garantia do acesso a medicamentos pela população brasileira e na diminuição das iniquidades no país. Contudo a migração da obtenção pelos usuários nas unidades de saúde do SUS para as farmácias populares sugere enfraquecimento da responsabilidade da atenção primária à saúde na oferta de medicamentos antidiabéticos orais, fragilizando o vínculo e o cuidado longitudinal.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the prevalence of use of oral medications for the treatment of diabetes, as well as the distribution of sources for obtaining according to sociodemographic variables, in the Brazilian states’ capitals and in the Federal District, and their evolution from 2012 to 2018. Methods: Cross-sectional and population-based study with individuals aged ≥ 20 years who reported a medical diagnosis of diabetes, interviewed through Vigitel from 2012 to 2018. We estimated the prevalence of use and the distribution of sources for obtaining according to sociodemographic variables (95%CI). We checked differences among proportions using the Pearson’s χ2 test (Rao-Scott), with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was an increase in the prevalence of use of oral medications for the treatment of diabetes from 77.4 to 85.2% between 2012 and 2018, and a decrease in obtaining in the Health Unit Pharmacies of the Unified Health System (SUS), while there was an increase in obtaining in Popular Pharmacies. Conclusions: In Brazil, SUS remained the main source for obtaining oral antidiabetic drugs, financing more than 70% of them in the country, considering the Health Unit Pharmacies and Popular Pharmacies, thereby showing the importance of public Pharmaceutical Policies in guaranteeing the access to medications by the Brazilian population, as well as in reducing inequities in the country. Nevertheless, the migration of obtaining by users from SUS Health Units to Popular Pharmacies suggests the weakening the responsibility of Primary Health Care in the provision oral antidiabetic drugs, thereby undermining the bond and the longitudinal care.

RESUMO: Objetivo: O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos hospitais que participaram do Programa Nacional de Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde (PNASS 2015-2016). Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal quantitativo, que buscou mensurar o desempenho dos hospitais que participaram do programa com base nos dados do primeiro instrumento avaliativo do PNASS 2015-2016. O questionário de avaliação de processos aplicado aos hospitais contou com 102 itens, 17 critérios, agrupados em quatro blocos ou dimensões. Resultados: Participaram 1.681 hospitais. O escore médio por bloco foi: gestão organizacional (64), apoio técnico e logístico para produção de cuidado (73), gestão da atenção à saúde e do cuidado (64) e serviços/unidades específicas (72). Com relação à esfera administrativa, o melhor desempenho médio foi obtido pela esfera federal, seguido da estadual e da municipal. Os hospitais localizados no Sul e Sudeste obtiveram o melhor desempenho (73,0), seguido do Centro-Oeste (62,7), Nordeste (61,2) e Norte (58,5). Conclusão: Os hospitais que realizam procedimentos de alta complexidade, assim como os de grande porte e especiais, obtiveram melhor desempenho. Hospitais públicos federais, de gestão municipal, também alcançaram os melhores resultados, bem como os hospitais do Sul e Sudeste do país.

ABSTRACT: Aim: The present work aims to evaluate the performance of hospitals participating on the National Program for the Evaluation of Health Services (Programa Nacional de Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde - PNASS, 2015-2016). Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study, which measured the performance of hospitals participating in the program, using data from the first PNASS 2015-2016 evaluation instrument. The processes evaluation questionnaire used in hospitals had 102 items, 17 criteria, grouped into four blocks or dimensions. Results: A total of 1,681 hospitals was evaluated. The average score for each block was: Organizational management (64); technical and logistical support for care provision (73); health care and care management (64); specific services/units (72). Regarding the administrative sphere, the best average performance was of the federal sphere, followed by the state and municipal ones. The hospitals located in the Southern and Southeastern regions presented the best performance (73), followed by the Midwestern (62.7), Northeastern (61.2), and Northern (58.5) regions. Conclusion: The hospitals that perform highly complex procedures, just like those large and special ones, obtained a better performance. Public federal hospitals, with municipal management, also had the best results, as well as hospitals from the Southern and Southwestern regions of the country.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of the 2015–2018 economic crisis on tobacco consumption in Brazil. METHODS This is an interrupted time series analysis conducted with data from 27 cities collected by VIGITEL, using linear regression models to account for first-order autocorrelation. Analyses were conducted based on gender, age group, and education level. RESULTS Smoking rates decreased between 2006 and 2018, decelerating after the crisis onset. Differently than women, men showed an immediate but transient increase in smoking, followed by a decelerated decrease. Those over 65 also showed increased smoking rates immediately after the economic crisis onset, but decline accelerated later on. In turn, we found a trend reversal among those aged 31–44. Rates also decreased among those with lower education levels, but decelerated among those with more years of schooling. CONCLUSION An economic crisis have varied impacts on the smoking habits of different population groups. Tobacco control policies should entail a detailed understanding of smoking epidemiology, especially during an economic crisis.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of the 2015–2018 economic crisis on tobacco consumption in Brazil. METHODS This is an interrupted time series analysis conducted with data from 27 cities collected by VIGITEL, using linear regression models to account for first-order autocorrelation. Analyses were conducted based on gender, age group, and education level. RESULTS Smoking rates decreased between 2006 and 2018, decelerating after the crisis onset. Differently than women, men showed an immediate but transient increase in smoking, followed by a decelerated decrease. Those over 65 also showed increased smoking rates immediately after the economic crisis onset, but decline accelerated later on. In turn, we found a trend reversal among those aged 31–44. Rates also decreased among those with lower education levels, but decelerated among those with more years of schooling. CONCLUSION An economic crisis have varied impacts on the smoking habits of different population groups. Tobacco control policies should entail a detailed understanding of smoking epidemiology, especially during an economic crisis.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a serious global public health problem that affects a large part of the Brazilian adult population and can cause limitations and losses of quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the association of hypertension and its correlated limitations, with sociodemographic and epidemiological factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study analyzing information on 44,271 adults (30 years or older) from the Brazilian National Health Survey of 2013. METHODS: The prevalence of hypertension and the degree of limitation of the patients’ activities associated with hypertension, according to sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and lifestyles, were calculated for both sexes. To analyze the strength of association, bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression were used. RESULTS: Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor among Brazilian adults aged 30 years or older (40.7%). It was strongly associated with the aging process (prevalence ratio, PR 3.51), obesity (PR 1.73), heart disease (PR 1.67) and stroke (PR 1.86). Furthermore, limitations associated with hypertension were more prevalent among those with comorbidities from noncommunicable diseases relating to hypertension complications (stroke PR 1.47; heart disease PR 1.69) and with incomplete elementary education (PR 1.19). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed sociodemographic inequality in the prevalence of hypertension, especially in the population with some degree of limitation associated with hypertension. It showed that improvements in access to primary care services for controlling hypertension at its initial stages are essential in order to avoid comorbidities of greater severity and limitations and losses of quality of life, especially among socially disadvantaged people.