ABSTRACT The aim was to evaluate mood, depressed mood and quality of life of athletes with visual impairment, as well as the dissimilarity between these constructs and sports practice. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 44 athletes with low vision or total blindness (26.8 ± 6.0 years of age, 72.7% men): 11 five-a-side football players, 14 goalball players, 2 athletics and 17 judo athletes. The Portuguese Brazilian versions of the following instruments were used: (i) Profile of Mood States (POMS); (ii) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and (iii) Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Participants presented the desirable iceberg profile for POMS, 81.8% presented "no risk" of depressive disorder and all scores of SF-36 domains were above average. Positive correlation was found between the duration of the training session and the "vigor" factor of the POMS, among others. The study participants presented a positive profile in mood states, a low risk of depressive disorder and a positive perception of quality of life. There seems to be closeness of elements of sports practice with states of humor and domains of quality of life, and therefore must be accompanied.

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar o estado de humor, o humor deprimido e a qualidade de vida de atletas de rendimento com deficiência visual, assim como a dissimilaridade entre estes constructos e a prática esportiva. Foi realizado um estudo seccional com 44 atletas com baixa visão ou cegueira total (26,8 ± 6,0 anos de idade; 72,7% homens), sendo 11 atletas de futebol de cinco, 14 de goalball, 2 de atletismo e 17 de judô. Os seguintes instrumentos na sua versão em português foram utilizados: (i) Profile of Mood States (POMS); (ii) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) e (iii) Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Os participantes apresentaram o perfil de iceberg desejável para a POMS, 81,8% apresentou “nenhum risco” de transtorno depressivo e todos os escores dos domínios do SF-36 estavam acima da média. Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre a duração da sessão de treino e o fator “vigor” da POMS, dentre outras. Os participantes do estudo apresentaram perfil positivo nos estados de humor, baixo risco de ocorrência de transtorno depressivo e uma percepção positiva de qualidade de vida. Parece haver proximidade de elementos da prática esportiva com os estados de humor e domínios da qualidade de vida, e portanto devem ser acompanhados.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar el estado de ánimo, el estado de ánimo deprimido y lacalidad de vida de los atletas com discapacidad visual, así como la disparidad entre estos constructos y la práctica deportiva. Se realizo um estudio transversal con 44 atletas con baja visión o ceguera total (26.8 ± 6.0 años de edad, 72.7% hombres): 11 jugadores de fútbol de 5, 14 jugadores de goalball, 2 atletas de atletismo y 17 atletas de judo. Se utilizaron las versions brasileñas de los siguientes instrumentos: Profile of Mood States (POMS); (ii) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) y (iii) Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Los participantes presentaron el deseable perfil de iceberg para POMS, el 81.8% presentó "sin riesgo" de transtorno depresivo y todos los puntajes de los dominios SF-36 estuvieron por encima del promedio. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la duración de la sesión de entrenamiento y el factor "vigor" del POMS, entre otros. Los participantes del estúdio presentaron un perfil positivo en los estados de ánimo, un bajo riesgo de transtorno depresivo y una percepción positiva de la calidad de vida. Parece haber una cercanía entre los elementos de la práctica deportiva con los estados de humor y los dominios de la calidad de vida, y por lo tanto deben acompañarse.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays an important role in the assessment of functional capacity in patients with interstitial lung disease. The aim of this study was to identify CPET measures that might be helpful in predicting the vital capacity and diffusion capacity outcomes of patients with thoracic sarcoidosis. A longitudinal study was conducted on 42 nonsmoking patients with thoracic sarcoidosis (median age = 46.5 years, 22 females). At the first evaluation, spirometry, the measurement of single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D LCOsb) and CPET were performed. Five years later, the patients underwent a second evaluation consisting of spirometry and D LCOsb measurement. After 5 years, forced vital capacity (FVC)% and D LCOsb% had decreased significantly [95.5 (82-105) vs 87.5 (58-103) and 93.5 (79-103) vs 84.5 (44-102), respectively; P < 0.0001 for both]. In CPET, the peak oxygen uptake, maximum respiratory rate, breathing reserve, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradient at peak exercise (P(A-a)O2), and Δ SpO2 values showed a strong correlation with the relative differences for FVC% and D LCOsb% (P < 0.0001 for all). P(A-a)O2 ≥22 mmHg and breathing reserve ≤40% were identified as significant independent variables for the decline in pulmonary function. Patients with thoracic sarcoidosis showed a significant reduction in FVC% and D LCOsb% after 5 years of follow-up. These data show that the outcome measures of CPET are predictors of the decline of pulmonary function.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) patients present cardiopulmonary, vascular and muscle dysfunction, but there is no consensus about the benefits of levothyroxine (L-T4) intervention on cardiopulmonary performance during exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-T4 on cardiopulmonary exercise reserve and recovery in SH patients. Twenty-three SH women, 44 (40-50) years old, were submitted to two ergospirometry tests, with an interval of 6 months of normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (L-T4 replacement group) or simple observation (TSH = 6.90 μIU/mL; L-T4 = 1.02 ng/dL). Patients with TSH >10 μIU/mL were excluded from the study to assure that they would receive treatment in this later stage of SH. Twenty 30- to 57-year-old women with no thyroid dysfunction (TSH = 1.38 μIU/mL; L-T4 = 1.18 ng/dL) were also evaluated. At baseline, lower values of gas exchange ratio reserve (0.24 vs 0.30; P < 0.05) were found for SH patients. The treated group presented greater variation than the untreated group for pulmonary ventilation reserve (20.45 to 21.60 L/min; median variation = 5.2 vs 25.09 to 22.45 L/min; median variation = -4.75, respectively) and for gas exchange ratio reserve (0.19 to 0.27; median variation = 0.06 vs 0.28 to 0.18; median variation = -0.08, respectively). There were no relevant differences in cardiopulmonary recovery for either group at baseline or after follow-up. In the sample studied, L-T4 replacement improved exercise cardiopulmonary reserve, but no modification was found in recovery performance after exercise during this period of analysis.