Abstract Studies evaluating the influence of nutrients on plant anatomy are very important because nutritional deficiencies can alter the thickness and shape of certain tissues, compromising their functionality what can explain the reduction of productivity. The aim of this study was to characterize the anatomical changes in cherry tomato plants subjected to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) deficiencies. The experiment was conducted in nutrient solution and the plants subjected to three treatments: complete solution (Control), Ca restriction (1 mmol L-1 of Ca) and Mg omission (without Mg). The experimental design was completely randomized, with three repetitions. Sixty days after seedling transplanting leaves and stem were collected and submitted to anatomical evaluations. Ca or Mg deficiency promotes most evident anatomical changes in chlorophyllous and vascular tissues of the leaves, rather than in the stems. Leaves of ‘Sindy’ tomato plants with a concentration of 1.7 g kg-1 of Mg and visual symptoms of Mg deficiency present hyperplasia of both tissues, phloem and xylem. This deficiency also promotes increases in the thickness of mesophyll, spongy parenchyma and palisade parenchyma, and consequently of leaf thickness. The midrib of the leaves with a concentration of 10 g kg-1 of Ca, without visual symptoms of deficiency presented phloem hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.), pertecente à família Euphorbiaceae, é uma planta oleaginosa que tem recebido expressiva atenção para produção de biocombustível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da deficiência de macro e micronutrientes no crescimento e estado nutricional de pinhão-manso, cultivado em solução nutritiva. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com treze tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de solução completa e omissão individual de cada um dos seguintes nutrientes: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn ou Fe. A ordem decrescente de restrição da produção de massa de matéria seca foi N>Mg>S>K>Ca=P>Zn>B=Fe. As omissões de N e de P foram as que mais afetaram os teores dos macronutrientes da parte aérea das plantas e os sintomas de deficiências observados foram clorose, redução do crescimento e folhas deformadas.

Jatropha curcas L. belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. It is an oleaginousplant and it has received much attention because of the production of biofuels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of Jatropha curcas under deficiency of macro and micronutrients in nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with thirteen treatments and three replications.The treatments consisted of a complete solution and individual omission of each of the following nutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn or Fe. The decreasing orderofproductionrestriction ofdry matterwasN>Mg>S>K>Ca=P>Zn>B=Fe. Omissions of N and P affected mots the contents of macronutrients in the shoots of physic nut and the deficiency symptoms observed were chlorosis, reduced growth and deformed leaves.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito inseticida ou repelência de Cyperus rotundus, importante planta infestante, por meio de métodos alternativos de extração sobre Diabrotica speciosa. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os extratos foram elaborados utilizando raízes e folhas de C. rotundus mediante extração alcoólica, aquosa (água quente) e aquosa (água fria) diluindo-se em quatro diferentes concentrações (0, 5, 10 e 15%) em comparação com o controle (água). A maior mortalidade de adultos de D. speciosa, bem como, menor consumo de área foliar foram observadas com o aumento da dose nos diferentes extratos das folhas e das raízes de C. rotundus, destacando-se a extração alcoólica das folhas (55% da mortalidade e de 28% do consumo de folha). Portanto, o extrato alcoólico de folhas de C. rotundus é uma opção para o controle de D. speciosa em sistemas agroecológicos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal effect or repellency of Cyperus rotundus, an important weed plant, through alternative methods of extraction, on Diabrotica speciosa, a pest that affects several plant species. The experimental design was completely casual, and consisted of five repetitions. The C. rotundus extracts were prepared using leaves and roots by alcoholic extraction, aqueous (hot water) extraction and aqueous (cold water) extraction and diluted to four different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15% of the volume of each extract). These dilutions were then tested and compared with a control. The higher mortality of D. speciosa adults as well as a smaller leaf consumption area were observed after treatments with increasing dosages of different C. rotundus extracts generated by alcoholic extraction (55% of mortality and 28% leaf consumption). Therefore, the alcoholic extract of the C. rotundus foliage is an option for the control of D. speciosa in agroecologic systems.