The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, performance and nutrient digestibility of sheep supplemented with sugarcane ensiled with four levels of calcium oxide (0.0, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4%) and urea (1.5%), on a natural matter basis. Twenty castrated Santa Ines lambs with 24.09 kg average weight were housed in individual 1.5 m² pens, distributed in a completely randomized design. The diet supplied had a roughage:concentrate ratio of 70:30 and the experimental period lasted 77 days, of which 14 days were used for adaptation to the diet and three 21-day periods for data collection. No differences were observed for the average daily intake of dry matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, total carbohydrates, hemicellulose and total digestible nutrients. The treatment with urea showed differences for the intake (kg/day) of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates. There was no effect of diets on the digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber or total digestible nutrients, but there was a quadratic effect for total carbohydrates and increasing linear effect for non-fibrous carbohydrates. The calcium intake increased as the levels of calcium oxide in the sugarcane were elevated. The calcium:phosphorus ratio in the silage of calcium oxide was different from the silage with urea and control. No effect was observed for the performance characteristics of sheep. Sugarcane silages with calcium oxide levels of up to 2.4% or with urea do not improve the intake or weight gain of sheep.

A maioria dos fungos tem a função de decompor moléculas orgânicas complexas possibilitando o aporte de nutrientes para o solo pelo processo de ciclagem e fertilização. Este estudo objetiva analisar a riqueza, freqüência, constância e a similaridade entre os fungos decompositores da serapilheira de três plantas endêmicas da Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia e em três áreas. Folhas em decomposição foram coletadas no período de dezembro/2007 a junho/2008, lavadas, colocadas em câmaras-úmidas e incubadas na temperatura ambiente. Obteve-se uma riqueza total de 52 espécies e 39 gêneros. A riqueza obtida nas áreas foi: Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru-PESC (78,8%), Ecoparque (71,2%) e Reserva Capitão (61,5%). Em relação às plantas, Harleyodendron unifoliolatum Cowan apresentou uma riqueza de 75,0%, Manilkara maxima Pennington 57,7% e Parinari alvimii Prance 42,3%. Houve similaridade fúngica entre as plantas e entre as áreas. A maioria dos fungos apresentou frequência esporádica e constância acidental. Este estudo, pioneiro na Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia e em relação às plantas estudadas, contribui para o conhecimento dos fungos anamorfos existentes neste bioma, riquíssimo em biodiversidade.

Most fungi have the function of breaking down complex organic molecules, enabling the supply of nutrients to the soil through the process of cycling and fertilization. This paper aimed to analyze the richness, frequency, constancy and similarity among decomposing fungi on the litter of three endemic trees in three areas of the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia. Decaying leaves were collected from December 2007 to June 2008, washed, placed in wet chambers and incubated at room temperature. Fifty-two fungal species belonging to 39 genera were found. The richness of each area was the following: Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru (78,8%), Ecoparque (71.2%) and Reserva Capitão (61.5%). In relation to plants, the richness of Harleyodendron unifoliolatum Cowan was 75.0%, Manilkara maxima Pennington 57.7% and Parinari alvimii Prance 42.3%. There was similarity between plants and between areas. The frequency of most fungi was sporadic. This pioneer work on these trees of the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia contributes to the knowledge of the anamorphic fungi existing in this biologically rich biome.

Avaliaram-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e magnésio (Mg) na parte aérea do capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum) adubado com nitrogênio e fósforo durante o período de verão/outono. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 3, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha/ano) e três doses de pentóxido de difósforo (P2O5) (0, 50 e 100 kg/ha/ano), com três repetições. Foram realizados três cortes a 40 cm do solo, a cada 35 dias. Após cada corte, foi realizada adubação, aplicando-se o P2O5 de uma só vez no corte de uniformização e o nitrogênio parcelado em três vezes. As doses de nitrogênio não afetaram os teores de magnésio e reduziram os teores de matéria seca, cálcio e fósforo, enquanto a adubação fosfatada aumentou o teor de fósforo. A adubação teve efeito quadrático nos teores de PB, FDN e NDT, melhorando a qualidade da forragem conforme aumentaram as doses, principalmente de nitrogênio. Nas condições edafoclimáticas estudadas, recomenda-se que o capim-tanzânia seja adubado com 300 kg de N/ha e 100 kg de P2O5/ha.

It was evaluated in this work the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in the aerial section of the Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum), fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus during the summer and autumn. The experimental design was complete randomized, with a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, and four N rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha/year), and three pentoxide diphosphorus (P2O5) rates (0, 50, and 100 kg/ha/year), with three replicates. Three cuts were made at 40 cm of the soil, every 35 days. After each cut, the fertilization was accomplished, and P2O5 was applied only once on the uniformed cut and N was parceled in three times. Nitrogen rates did not affect contents of magnesium and they reduced contents of dry matter, calcium and phosphorus, while phosphate fertilization increased levels of phosphorus. Fertilization had a quadratic effect on the levels of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients providing a forage of better quality as doses increased, mainly nitrogen doses. In the studied edaphoclimathic conditions, it is recommend fertilization of Tanzania grass with 300 kg of N/ha and 100 kg of P2O5/ha.

Este experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a produção de MS, a relação folha:colmo, o teor de PB e a eficiência de resposta ao nitrogênio da folha e do colmo do capim-braquiária adubado com diferentes doses de nitrogênio e de fósforo durante o verão. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 × 3, composto de quatro doses de nitrogênio (N) (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha/ano), utilizando-se o sulfato de amônio, e três doses de P2O5 (0, 50 e 100 kg/ha/ano), utilizando-se o superfosfato simples. A quantidade de K aplicada foi de 40 kg/ha/ano. Os cortes (a 20 cm do solo) foram realizados em intervalos de 28 dias, totalizando três cortes durante o experimento. Após cada corte, foi realizada adubação, conforme os tratamentos. A adubação nitrogenada afetou a produção de MS, que apresentou valores máximos de 5.345,6 e 4.857,7 kg/ha para folha e colmo, respectivamente. A relação folha:colmo foi maior (1,31) na dose de N de 200 kg/ha, independentemente da dose de fósforo. A adubação nitrogenada teve efeito quadrático sobre o teor de PB das folhas e efeito linear sobre o teor de PB no colmo. A adubação com fósforo, no entanto, não teve efeito sobre essas variáveis. A eficiência de utilização do N teve efeito quadrático quando utilizadas doses crescentes de N. O ponto de máxima foi obtido com 245,3 kg de N, dose que proporcionou 18,84 kg de MS/kg de N.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the DM production, leaf:stem ratio, CP content and leaf and stem efficiency response to nitrogen of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. grass, fertilized with different N and P doses during the summer period. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, composed by four N doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha/year), using ammonium sulfate, and three P2O5 doses (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha/year), using super simple phosphate. The K amount applied was 40 kg/ha/year. The cuts (at 20 cm of the soil) were performed every 28 days, in a total of three cuts during the experiment. After each cut, fertilization was accomplished according to the treatment. N fertilization affected DM production, that showed maximum values of 5,345.6 and 4,857.7 kg/ha of leaf and stem, respectively. Leaf:stem ratio was greater (1.31) with 200 kg/ha N dose, independent of the phosphorus dose. N fertilization had quadratic effect on CP content of the leaves and linear effect on CP content of the stem. P fertilization, however, had no effect on these variables. The N efficiency of utilization had quadratic effect when increasing N doses were used. The point of maximum was 245.3 kg of N, dose that provided 18.84 kg of DM/kg of N.