ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased in the recent decades, along with the number of patients in the terminal stages of this disease, requiring transplantation. Some skin disorders are more frequent in patients with CKD and in renal transplant recipients (RTR). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of skin diseases in RTR and patients with CKD receiving conservative treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: This observational cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients with CKD and RTR from a nephrology clinic at a teaching hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2020. METHODS: Quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approaches were used. The sample was selected based on convenience sampling. Data were collected from dermatological visits and participants’ medical records. RESULTS: Overall, 308 participants were included: 206 RTR (66.9%, median age: 48 years, interquartile range [IQR] 38.0–56.0, 63.6% men) and 102 patients with CKD (33.1%, median age: 61.0 years, IQR 50.0–71.2, 48% men). The frequency of infectious skin diseases (39.3% vs. 21.6% P = 0.002) were higher in RTR than in patients with CKD. Neoplastic skin lesions were present in nine (4.4%) RTR and in only one (1.0%) patient with CKD. Among the RTR, the ratio of basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was 2:1. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that an increased frequency of infectious skin diseases may be expected in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Among skin cancers, BCC is more frequently observed in RTR, especially in those using azathioprine. BACKGROUND (CKD decades transplantation RTR. . (RTR) OBJECTIVES treatment SETTING crosssectional cross sectional 201 2020 METHODS Quantitative descriptive used sampling records RESULTS Overall 30 included 20 66.9%, 669 66 9 (66.9% age 4 years [IQR 380560 38 0 56 38.0–56.0 636 63 6 63.6 men 10 33.1%, 331 33 1 (33.1% 610 61 61. 500712 50 71 2 50.0–71.2 men. 39.3% 393 39 3 (39.3 vs 216 21 21.6 0.002 0002 002 4.4% 44 (4.4% 1.0% (1.0% 21. 1. 2:1 CONCLUSIONS cancers azathioprine (RTR 202 66.9% (66.9 38056 5 38.0–56. 63. 33.1% (33.1 50071 7 50.0–71. 39.3 (39. 0.00 000 00 4.4 (4.4 1.0 (1.0 2: 66.9 (66. 3805 38.0–56 33.1 (33. 5007 50.0–71 39. (39 0.0 4. (4. (1. 66. (66 380 38.0–5 33. (33 500 50.0–7 (3 0. (4 (1 (6 38.0– 50.0– ( 38.0 50.0 38. 50.

ABSTRACT Milk is a rich food, source of several indispensable nutrients, much consumed by the population. Its quality and microbiota are influenced by several factors. The objective of the present study was to determine the microbiota of refrigerated raw milk and processed milk in dairy products in Vale do Taquari - RS, through genetic sequencing. Three types of milk were analyzed in two dairies in the region: raw refrigerated milk, which arrives at the dairies by means of tank trucks, pasteurized milk and milk treated by Ultra High Temperature (UHT). The determination of the milk microbiota was performed through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that refrigerated raw milk has the highest number of microorganisms in the two dairy products, followed by pasteurized milk and milk sterilized by the UHT process, successively. Dairy processing 2 proved to be more efficient, especially for UHT treated milk, considerably reducing the microbiota. Eighty-seven species of the Bacteria Kingdom were identified and the samples showed considerable microbiological diversity. Psychrotrophic microorganisms such as Kurthia gibsonii were expressive in the samples. Lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococcus macedonicus were found in refrigerated raw milk and pasteurized milk and Streptococcus thermophilus in sterilized milk. Harmful species such as Bacillus cereus group, Aeromonas dhakensis and Acinetobacter haemolyticus were found in UHT treated milk from both dairy products, in addition to Aeromonas caviae, Enterobacter mori and Viridibacillus arenosi. food nutrients population factors RS region trucks UHT. . (UHT) S gene process successively efficient Eightyseven Eighty seven diversity group caviae arenosi (UHT

RESUMO O leite é um alimento rico, fonte de diversos nutrientes indispensáveis, muito consumido pela população. A sua qualidade e a sua microbiota são influenciadas por diversos fatores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a microbiota do leite cru refrigerado e de leites processados em laticínios do Vale do Taquari - RS, por meio do sequenciamento genético. Foram analisados três tipos de leite em dois laticínios da região: leite cru refrigerado, que chega aos laticínios por meio dos caminhões-tanques, leite pasteurizado e leite esterilizado por Ultra High Temperature (UHT). A determinação da microbiota do leite foi realizada por meio do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. Os resultados mostraram que o leite cru refrigerado possui a maior quantidade de microrganismos nos dois laticínios, seguido do leite pasteurizado e pelo leite tratado pelo processo UHT, sucessivamente. O processamento do Laticínio 2 mostrou-se mais eficiente, principalmente para o leite UHT, reduzindo consideravelmente a microbiota. Foram identificadas 87 espécies do Reino Bacteria e as amostras mostraram considerável diversidade microbiológica. Microrganismos psicrotróficos, como Kurthia gibsonii foram expressivos nas amostras. Bactérias ácido-láticas como Streptococcus macedonicus foram encontradas no leite cru refrigerado e no leite pasteurizado e Streptococcus termophilus, no leite esterilizado. Espécies nocivas como Bacillus cereus group, Aeromonas dhakensis e Acinetobacter haemolyticus foram encontrados no leite UHT de ambos os laticínios, além de Aeromonas caviae, Enterobacter mori and Viridibacillus arenosi. rico indispensáveis população fatores RS genético região caminhõestanques, caminhõestanques caminhões tanques, tanques caminhões-tanques UHT. . (UHT) S rRNA sucessivamente mostrouse mostrou se eficiente 8 microbiológica psicrotróficos ácidoláticas ácido láticas termophilus group caviae arenosi (UHT

ABSTRACT Milk is an essential food, widely consumed by the population. Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of milk. Milk quality is influenced by several factors in all its stages of production. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological profile of refrigerated and processed raw bovine milk from industries in Vale do Taquari, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using metagenomic analysis. A total of six samples were collected, one of refrigerated raw milk from the tanker truck, one of pasteurized milk and one of milk sterilized by the ultra-high temperature (UHT) process, in each of the industries. The identification of the milk microbiota was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The results show that refrigerated raw milk has a greater number of microorganisms, followed by pasteurized milk and sterilized milk, successively. Processed milk showed the presence of beneficial microorganisms such as Streptococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus macedonicus. Nevertheless, even UHT milk showed the presence of microorganisms considered harmful, such as the Bacillus cereus group, Aeromonas dhakensis, Enterobacter bacterium and Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Metagenomics is a valuable tool for the thorough evaluation of the milk microbiota in order to implement the processing stages in industries.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a qualidade do leite cru refrigerado das propriedades produtoras de leite e do leite cru refrigerado, pasteurizado e Ultra High Temperature (UHT) das indústrias do Vale do Taquari no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram realizadas análises de composição do leite, análises físico-químicas e análises microbiológicas, estabelecidas pela legislação, além de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, contagem de psicrotróficos nos três tipos de leite, contagem de mesófilos no leite pasteurizado e no leite UHT das indústrias. As coletas ocorreram em duas indústrias e 33 propriedades produtoras de leite. Em relação às propriedades, duas (6%) apresentaram leite com acidez acima do estabelecido pela legislação e três (9%) apresentaram leite com contagem bacteriana total (CBT) acima do estabelecido. O leite da indústria 1 apresentou acidez, CBT e densidade fora dos padrões estabelecidos. As duas indústrias e 53,2% das propriedades apresentaram leite com contagem de células somáticas (CCS) acima do determinado pela legislação. O leite das indústrias demonstrou maiores quantidades de CCS, CBT, psicrotróficos e coliformes totais e termotolerantes que o leite das propriedades produtoras de leite e o leite da indústria 1 apresentou maiores quantidades que a indústria 2, nos parâmetros microbiológicos.

Abstract The goal of the present study was to verify the quality of refrigerated raw milk from dairy properties and also of refrigerated raw milk, pasteurized and Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk from industries in Vale do Taquari in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Physicochemical, microbiological and milk composition analysis were carried out, as established by legislation, in addition to total and thermotolerant coliforms and psychrotrophic counts in the three types of milk and mesophiles count in pasteurized milk and UHT milk from the industries. The collections took place in two industries and 33 dairy properties. Regarding the properties, two (6%) had milk with acidity above that established by legislation and three (9%) had milk with a total bacterial count (TBC) above the established. The milk from industry 1 presented acidity, TBC and density out of the established standards. The two industries and 53.2% of the properties had milk with somatic cell counts (SCC) above that determined by legislation. The milk from the industries showed higher amounts of SCC, TBC, psychrotrophic and total and thermotolerant coliforms than the milk from the dairy properties, and the milk from industry 1 showed higher amounts than the industry 2, in the microbiological parameters.

Resumo A doença celíaca é caracterizada pela incapacidade do organismo de digerir o glúten no intestino delgado, e o tratamento dietético consiste em evitar alimentos que contenham essa proteína. Casca de batata, semente de abóbora e quinoa são ingredientes que podem ser usados para produzir pão sem glúten. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas e sensoriais de pães isentos de glúten adicionados de farinhas de casca de batata (FCB), semente de abóbora (FSA) e quinoa (FQ). Foram realizadas a análise sensorial dos pães preparados sem glúten e a análise química das farinhas alternativas e das formulações de pães elaboradas. A formulação do pão com farinhas e amidos tradicionais que obteve maior aceitação na avaliação sensorial foi utilizada como base para preparar as três formulações de pães com 2,5%, 5,0% e 7,5% de cada uma das farinhas alternativas. Na análise química das farinhas, as concentrações de carboidratos da FCB e FQ não diferiram estatisticamente. Os níveis de lipídios, proteínas e cinzas da FSA foram significativamente maiores que os das demais farinhas. Os teores de carboidratos, cinzas e lipídios das três formulações elaboradas com as farinhas alternativas não apresentaram diferença significativa. A formulação com 5,0% das farinhas alternativas apresentou maior aceitação sensorial. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as farinhas utilizadas são alternativas viáveis para a produção de pães sem glúten, o que torna possível melhorar a dieta da população com doença celíaca pelo aumento do teor nutricional de minerais, proteínas e lipídios.

Abstract Celiac disease is characterized by the body’s inability to digest gluten in the small intestine, and the dietary treatment consists of avoiding foods that contain this protein. Potato peel, pumpkin seeds, and quinoa are ingredients that can be used to produce gluten-free bread. The aim of this work was to evaluate chemical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free breads consisting of the idea to compare both made with traditional ingredients and with the addition of Potato Peel Flour (PPF), Pumpkin Seed Flour (PSF), and Quinoa Flour (QF). Sensory analysis of the prepared gluten-free breads and chemical analysis of the alternative flours were performed, as well as the formulations developed. The bread formulation with traditional flours and starches that obtained the highest acceptance in the sensory evaluation was used as a base to prepare three bread formulations, with 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% of each alternative flours. Regarding the chemical analysis of the flours, carbohydrate concentrations of PPF and QF did not differ statistically. Lipid, protein, and ash levels in PSF were significantly higher than those in the other flours. Carbohydrate, ash, and lipid contents of the three formulations made with alternative flours showed no significant differences. The formulation with 5.0% of the alternative flours had higher sensory acceptance. The results showed that the alternative flours used are viable alternatives for the production of gluten-free breads, making it possible to improve the diet of part of the population with celiac disease by increasing the nutritional contents of minerals, lipids, and proteins.

Abstract Although cow milk is the most widely used dairy product, the milk of other animals presents characteristics relevant to the development of these products. Goat milk has higher digestibility and a lower incidence of allergic reactions than cow milk, while buffalo milk has higher levels of lipids, proteins and lactose. The objective of this work was to elaborate and evaluate the physicochemical, technological, microbiological and sensory characteristics of cream cheese formulations elaborated with different proportions of cow, goat and buffalo milk without whey removal. The milk mixture was allowed to produce cream cheese with high levels of ashes and proteins, and despite the retention of the whey, no occurrence of syneresis was observed in the formulations. The formulation elaborated with 33.33% of each type of milk obtained the highest positive intent to purchase, the highest acceptability index for overall impression and the highest score for the flavor attribute. Considering the number of probiotic microorganisms present in the cream cheese composition, the developed product can be considered a functional food. It is possible to prepare cream cheese with different types of milk and whey retention, creating a competitive product for the market and an alternative for the industry.

RESUMO O gênero Salmonella spp. Possui distribuição geográfica mundial constituindo-se como potencial risco para a saúde animal e saúde humana. O uso inadequado bem como a exposição continuada aos antibióticos e aos desinfetantes pode resultar no surgimento de resistência desses microrganismos frente aos compostos antimicrobianos. Os objetivos do trabalho foram investigar a ocorrência de resistência a antibióticos e aos desinfetantes de Salmonella spp. isoladas em produtos e matéria-prima de origem animal (suínos e aves), e verificar se entre os isolados resistentes a antibióticos ocorre o fenômeno de resistência concomitante com desinfetantes. O teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos (TSA) aplicado em 134 isolados indicou que 51 (38%) foram resistentes a pelo menos um dos oito antibióticos usados, sendo que 28 (55% dos resistentes) mostraram-se multirresistentes. Os isolados resistentes foram submetidos ao teste de suspensão quantitativo frente a quatro concentrações de desinfetantes em três tempos de contato, e o resultado comparado com o da cepa referência (Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10.708). Considerando como indicador a maior concentração (200 ppm) e o menor tempo de contato (5 min), frente ao cloreto de cetil trimetilamônio (quaternário de amônia), enquanto a cepa referência foi sensível, 12 (24%) dos isolados foram resistentes; a cepa referência foi resistente a clorexidina, o que ocorreu com 22 (43%) dos isolados; assim como ocorreu com a cepa referência, todos os isolados foram sensíveis/inativados pelo hipoclorito de sódio e iodóforo. Não houve relações estatisticamente significativas de resistência concomitante entre os antibióticos e os desinfetantes testados.

ABSTRACT The genus Salmonella spp. Has worldwide geographical distribution, and represents a potential risk both to animal and human health. Inadequate use as well as continuous exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants might lead to the appearance of resistance of these microorganisms to antimicrobial compounds. The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of resistance in Salmonella spp., isolated from products and raw material of animal origin (swine and poultry), to antibiotics and disinfectants, and check whether the phenomenon of simultaneous resistance to disinfectants occurs among the antibiotic-resistant isolates. The test of susceptibility to antimicrobials (TSA) applied in 134 isolates indicated that 51 (38%) were resistant to at least one of the eight antibiotics used, and 28 (55%) of resistant isolates were multi-resistant. Resistant isolates were submitted to the test of quantitative suspension against four concentrations of disinfectants in three contact times, and the result was compared with that of the reference strain (Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10.708). While the reference strain was sensitive considering the highest concentration (200 ppm) and the lowest contact time (5 min) as indicators, 12 (24%) isolates were resistant to cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (ammonia quaternary); the reference strain was resistant to chlorhexidine, which also occurred with 22 (43%) of the isolates; similar to the reference strain, all isolates were sensitive/inactivated by sodium hypochlorite and iodophore. There were no significant relations of simultaneous resistance between the antibiotics and the disinfectants tested.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) em transplantados renais e avaliar as associações sociodemográficas, comportamentais e clínicas com a prova tuberculínica (PT) positiva. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com pacientes com idade ≥ 18 anos, transplantados renais no Centro de Transplante Renal do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em Belo Horizonte (MG). Foram incluídos os pacientes submetidos a transplante renal que realizaram a PT no período entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2013. Quando o resultado da primeira PT foi negativo, uma segunda PT foi realizada. As análises bivariada e multivariada, por meio de regressão logística, foram utilizadas para determinar os fatores associados com PT positiva. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 216 pacientes. A taxa de prevalência para ILTB foi de 18.5%. Na análise multivariada, história de contato com caso de tuberculose e função do enxerto preservada (taxa de filtração glomerular estimada ≥ 60 ml/min/1,73 m2) foram associadas com PT positiva. O incremento da primeira PT para a segunda PT foi de 5,8%, considerado significante (p = 0,012). Conclusões: A prevalência da ILTB foi baixa nessa amostra de pacientes transplantados renais. A PT deve ser efetuada quando a função do enxerto renal estiver preservada. Uma segunda PT deve ser realizada quando a primeira PT for negativa.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in renal transplant recipients and to assess sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical associations with positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent renal transplantation at the Renal Transplant Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Hospital das Clínicas, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We included renal transplant recipients who underwent the TST between January 2011 and July 2013. If the result of the first TST was negative, a second TST was administered. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with positive TST results. Results: The sample included 216 patients. The prevalence of LTBI was 18.5%. In the multivariate analysis, history of contact with a tuberculosis case and preserved graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were associated with positive TST results. TST induration increased by 5.8% from the first to the second test, which was considered significant (p = 0.012). Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI was low in this sample of renal transplant recipients. The TST should be administered if renal graft function is preserved. A second TST should be administered if the first TST is negative.

Abstract Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is used in traditional medicine because of its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant and antibacterial. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria and as an indicator of contamination in food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-Escherichia coli effect and the change in pH on the control of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, using hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa L. in different concentrations in a meat model, verifying its potential as food additive for microbiological stability on ground beef during cooling storage. For the preparation of the treatments, the meat experimental units were elaborated with different concentrations of the vegetal extract (5, 10, 15 and 20%), ground beef and contaminated with E. coli. For pH evaluation, the meat experimental units were added different percentages of hydroethanolic extract. The H. sabdariffa L. antibacterial action reduced two logarithmic levels in practically all treatments. The best pH result was obtained in the meat containing 30% of the extract. The hydroethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. showed anti-Escherichia coli activity in the presence of refrigerated ground beef. Analyzing the pH results and the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, it is possible this extract to be used as a natural food additive.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a ação de diferentes métodos de muda forçada sobre o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de codornas de postura. O experimento foi conduzido em um galpão convencional para codornas e teve duração de 115 dias. Foram utilizadas 480 codornas japonesas, com idade inicial de 52 semanas. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: Jejum total de ração (tratamento testemunha); Ração constituída de milho e farelo de soja; Ração com alto nível de Zn (7.300 ppm); Fornecimento de farelo de trigo; Fornecimento de milho moído. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 5tratamentos e 4 repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída de 24 codornas, totalizando 480 aves. Foram avaliadas características de desempenho (produção e peso de ovos, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, por massa e por dúzia, ovos viáveis e viabilidade) e qualidade de ovos (espessura e rendimento de casca, peso específico e unidade Haugh). As diferenças entre os tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott (5%). Os tratamentos constituídos por farelo de trigo e ração com alto nível de zinco proporcionaram piores produções médias de ovos e conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos. Não houve influência dos tratamentos sobre as características de qualidade de ovos. Pode-se concluir que o fornecimento de somente milho ou somente milho e farelo de soja podem ser adotados como métodos de muda forçada para codornas japonesas em substituição ao jejum.

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different forced-molting methods on the performance and quality of laying quail eggs. The experiment was conducted in a conventional shed for quails and lasted 115 days. 480 Japanese quails at an initial age of 52 weeks were used. The following treatments were evaluated: total feed fasting (control treatment); corn and soybean bran diet; high- zinc diet (7,300 ppm); wheat bran diet; and ground corn diet. A fully randomized experimental outline was used with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. Each lot was formed by 24 quails with a total of 480 birds. Performance (production and egg weights, feed intake, feed conversion ratio per kg egg mass and per dozen eggs, viable eggs and egg viability) and egg quality (eggshell thickness and yield, specific weight and Haugh unit) were evaluated. Treatment differences were compared using the Scott-Knott test (5%). Wheat bran and high- zinc diets yielded poorer averages of egg production and feed conversion ratioper dozen eggs. Studied treatments had no influence on egg quality. Hence, we can conclude that corn- only or corn and soybean bran only feeds can be adopted as forced molting methods in Japanese quails instead of traditional fasting methods.

RESUMO: O transporte do leite cru refrigerado a granel melhorou muito a qualidade da matéria-prima recebida pelas indústrias de laticínios, reduzindo a proliferação de micro-organismos mesófilos que causam a acidez do leite e que impossibilitam seu beneficiamento. Porém, a refrigeração favoreceu o crescimento de micro-organismos psicrotróficos que são capazes de crescer em baixas temperaturas (abaixo de 10ºC) e que produzem enzimas termorresistentes que degradam alguns componentes do leite, diminuindo o seu tempo de prateleira e causando alterações organolépticas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do leite cru presente na propriedade leiteira e após o transporte para a indústria beneficiadora, por meio da contagem em placas de micro-organismos mesófilos e psicrotróficos. Foram coletadas 14 amostras de leite nos tanques das propriedades produtoras e uma amostra do caminhão de transporte dessas propriedades, na chegada à indústria beneficiadora. Os resultados mostraram que, nas amostras coletadas diretamente nos tanques das propriedades, a média de micro-organismos mesófilos foi mais alta do que a amostra coletada diretamente do caminhão de transporte ao chegar à indústria. Dos 14 tanques amostrados, 64,3% estão em desacordo com a legislação. A amostra coletada do caminhão de transporte do leite, contendo o leite de todas as propriedades, apresentou média maior de micro-organismos psicrotróficos em relação à média das propriedades. Conclui-se que o leite das propriedades apresentou maior quantidade de mesófilos e que, após o transporte, na chegada à indústria beneficiadora, há maior quantidade de psicrotróficos.

ABSTRACT: Transport of cooled raw milk in bulk has greatly improved the quality of the raw material collected by dairy plants as it reduces the proliferation of mesophilic microorganisms that cause milk acidity and hinder its processing. However, refrigeration has favored the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms which are able to grow at low temperatures (below 10ºC) and that produce heat resistant enzymes which degrade some milk components, reducing milk shelf life and causing organoleptic changes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw milk in dairy farms and after its transport to the processing dairy plant, through plate counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Fourteen milk samples were collected from tanks of the dairy-farming properties, and one sample was collected from their milk transport tanker at the entrance of the processing plant. Our results showed that the mean number of mesophilic microorganisms was higher in samples collected straight from the dairy farm tanks than in the samples collected from the transportation tankers at the entrance of the plant. Of the 14 sampled tanks, 64.3% were non-compliant with legislation. The sample collected from the milk transportation tanker containing milk from all properties showed a higher mean number of psychrotrophic microorganisms than the dairy farm samples. We conclude that the milk from dairy properties showed a higher amount of mesophilic microorganisms, and after transportation, at the entrance of the processing plant, there is a higher amount of psychrotrophic microorganisms.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho, as variáveis fisiológicas e o comportamento de cinco linhagens de frangos de corte caipiras criadas em sistema semi-intensivo, em região de clima quente. Utilizaram-se 400 aves, com idade inicial de 35 dias, em cinco tratamentos representados pelas linhagens caipiras: Pescoço Pelado, Vermelho Pesadão, Carijó, Master Griss e Colorido. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e 20 parcelas. Avaliaram-se desempenho (ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar), temperatura retal, frequência respiratória e comportamento. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as linhagens para desempenho e variáveis fisiológicas. Todas as linhagens apresentaram desconforto térmico e, com base nos comportamentos observados, notou-se uma adaptação à alta temperatura. As linhagens Pescoço Pelado, Vermelho Pesadão, Carijó, Master Griss e Colorido podem ser utilizadas para a criação em sistema semi-intensivo, em região de clima quente.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance, physiological traits, and behavior of five lines of free-range broilers reared in a semi-intensive system in hot climate region. Four hundred birds, with an initial age of 35 days, were used in five treatments represented by the free-range lines: Pescoço Pelado, Vermelho Pesadão, Carijó, Master Griss, and Colorido lines. A completely randomized design with four replicates and 20 plots was used. Performance (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion), rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, and behavior were evaluated. There were no significant differences between the lines for performance and physiological variables. All lines showed thermal discomfort and, based on their behaviors, an adaptation trend to hot climate was noted. The Pescoço Pelado, Vermelho Pesadão, Carijó, Master Griss, and Colorido lines can be reared in semi-intensive systems in hot climate region.

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar o extrato de tingui aplicado previamente ao abate nas alterações post mortem da tilápia-do-Nilo. Utilizou-se 72 exemplares de tilápia-do-Nilo com peso médio de 527 ± 53g. Os peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 caixas com capacidade de 50 litros cada, às quais foram adicionadas três soluções de acordo com os tratamentos, extrato de tingui hidroalcoólico; extrato de tingui aquoso e cloro, formando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os peixes permaneceram nas caixas durante 40 minutos e após esse período eles foram colocados em caixas isotérmicas contendo água e gelo (1:1) para a insensibilização e abate. Posteriormente, os peixes foram acondicionados em bandejas plásticas, contendo gelo em camadas. O período de armazenamento foi de 21 dias. Foram avaliados, o rigor mortis, pH, bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais (BNVT) e a análise sensorial. O rigor mortis dos peixes atingiu plenitude após 14 horas de armazenamento em todos os tratamentos. O tratamento com extrato de tingui aquoso se mostrou mais eficiente, evitando que o pescado sofresse alterações de pH e BNVT durante 21 dias de armazenamento, além de ser melhor aceito sensorialmente.

SUMMARY The aim was to evaluate the tingui extract applied previously to slaughter about changes post mortem of Nile tilapia. Were used 72 Nile tilapia with average weight of 527 ± 53 g. The fishes were randomly distributed in 12 boxes of 50 liters each, which were added three solutions according to the treatments, hydroalcoholic tingui extract; aqueous tingui extract and chlorine, forming a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. The fishes remained in the boxes for 40 minutes and after this period, were placed in insulated boxes containing ice and water (1:1), for stunning and slaughter. After, the fish were packed in plastic trays containing ice layers. The storage period was 21 days. Were evaluated the rigor mortis, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and sensory analysis. The rigor mortis of fishes reached fullness after 14 hours of storage for all treatments. The aqueous tingui extract treatment was the more efficient, preventing the fish suffer changes of pH and BNVT, during the storage by 21 days, besides being better accepted sensorily.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) em pessoas privadas de liberdade no Estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo de coorte transversal realizado em duas penitenciárias em Minas Gerais. Foi realizada a prova tuberculínica nos indivíduos que aceitaram participar do estudo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 1.120 indivíduos para a pesquisa. A prevalência da ILTB foi de 25,2%. Na análise multivariada, a ILTB esteve associada com relato de contato com caso de tuberculose ativa dentro da penitenciária (OR ajustada = 1,51; IC95%: 1,05-2,18) e uso de drogas inaláveis (OR ajustada = 1,48; IC95%: 1,03-2,13). Foram identificados 131 pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios (11,7%). O teste anti-HIV foi realizado em 940 (83,9%) dos participantes, sendo positivo em 5 indivíduos (0,5%). Dois casos de tuberculose ativa foram identificados no período do estudo. Conclusões: A prevalência de ILTB dentro das penitenciárias estudadas foi alta. Além disso, a ILTB estava associada ao relato de contato com casos de tuberculose e ao uso de drogas inaláveis. Nossos achados demonstram que é necessária a melhoria das condições de encarceramento e a utilização de outras estratégias, como a triagem por radiografia de tórax, para a descoberta de casos de tuberculose e redução da infecção pelo M. tuberculosis no sistema penitenciário.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in prisoners in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted in two prisons in Minas Gerais. Tuberculin skin tests were performed in the individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Results: A total of 1,120 individuals were selected for inclusion in this study. The prevalence of LTBI was 25.2%. In the multivariate analysis, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within prisons (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) and use of inhaled drugs (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.13). Respiratory symptoms were identified in 131 (11.7%) of the participants. Serological testing for HIV was performed in 940 (83.9%) of the participants, and the result was positive in 5 (0.5%). Two cases of active tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Conclusions: Within the prisons under study, the prevalence of LTBI was high. In addition, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients and with the use of inhaled drugs. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the conditions in prisons, as well as to introduce strategies, such as chest X-ray screening, in order to detect tuberculosis cases and, consequently, reduce M. tuberculosis infection within the prison system.

O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Suinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, na Fazenda Experimental Professor Hélio Barbosa, Igarapé-MG, em 2013. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis de torta da polpa da macaúba para suínos em terminação. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) composto por, 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições, 2 animais (macho e fêmea)/baia, totalizando 40 suínos híbridos (F1 de Machos Topigs X Fêmeas DB). Os tratamentos foram 1- ração-controle, 2= ração com 5 % torta da polpa da macaúba; 3= ração com 10 % torta da polpa da macaúba; 4= ração com 15 % torta da polpa da macaúba; 5= ração com 20 % torta da polpa da macaúba. As rações e água foram fornecidas à vontade. Foram avaliados: desempenho dos animais, peso final (PF), ganho peso diário (GPD), consumo de ração diário (CRD) e conversão alimentar (CA), avaliações in vivo de espessura toucinho nos pontos ETP1 e ETP2, profundidade lombo (PL), porcentagem de carne magra (CM) e taxa de deposição carne magra diária (TDCMD), além das características de carcaça, como peso da carcaça quente (PCQ), espessura de toucinho na décima costela (ET-10a) e na última costela (ETUL) e comprimento de carcaça (CC). O CDR foi significativo pelo teste de Dunnett, com efeito quadrático atingindo o melhor consumo quando se fornece 9,4 % e TDCMD apresentou comportamento quadrático com melhor deposição de carne magra quando se adiciona 10,3 % da torta na ração.

The experiment was conducted at the Division of Swine Department of Animal Science of Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, at Experimental Farm Professor Hélio Barbosa, Igarapé-MG, 2013. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding of levels of macaúba pulp cake for pigs in the finishing phase. The design was in blocks at random (RBD), with 5 treatments, 4 replicates, and 2 animals (male and female) per pen totalizing 40 hybrid pigs. The treatments were 1 - control diet, 2 = diet with 5 % of macaúba pulp cake, 3 = diet with 10 % of macaúba pulp cake, 4 = diet with 15 % of macaúba pulp cake, 5 = diet with 20 % of macaúba pulp cake. The diets and water were supplied ad libitum. They were evaluated: animal performance, final weight, average daily gain, average feed intake and feed conversion, in vivo evaluations of backfat thickness in ETP1 and ETP2 points, loin depth, percentage of lean meat, daily deposition rate lean meat and features of hot carcass weight, backfat thickness at the tenth rib and backfat thickness at the last rib and carcass length. The CDR was significant by Dunnett test, with quadratic effect reaching the best consumption when it provides 9.4% and TDCMD quadratic behavior presented with better deposition of lean meat when you add 10.3% of the pie in the feed.