Resumo Foi investigada a ação repelente do líquido da casca da castanha-de-caju (LCC) Anacardium occidentale L. sobre o caruncho Dinoderus minutus Fabricius, (1775), na Base de Pesquisa em Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, município de Campo Grande - MS. Colmos maduros de Bambusa vulgaris Schrad (1808), foram coletados de uma touceira local. Destes, foram obtidos doze toletes colocados para secar em estufa a 50±3ºC por 48h. Em seguida foram impregnados, por imersão, durante 24h em concentrações de 0,03; 0,05 e 0,09 mg/mL de LCC. Após as impregnações, os toletes foram desidratados em uma estufa durante 12h a 50±3ºC e distribuídos aleatoriamente em uma arena de acrílico instalada em uma sala de 27 m3. O experimento foi repetido durante cinco dias consecutivos durante 24h cada. Em cada repetição foram liberados no centro da arena 60 carunchos adultos para avaliar a atratividade ou repelência dos mesmos em relação aos toletes. A avaliação contabilizou os carunchos que não conseguiram penetrar nos toletes de bambu. Todas as concentrações repeliram o caruncho-do-bambu, porém, sem diferenças significativas.

Abstract The repellent action of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) Anacardium occidentale on the beetles Dinoderus minutus was investigated at the Agricultural Sciences Research Center of the Dom Bosco Catholic University, in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS state. Culms mature Bambusa vulgaris were collected from a local clump. Out of these, twelve stalks placed to dry in an oven at 50±3 °C for 48 hours were obtained. Then, they were impregnated by immersion for 24 hours at concentrations of 0.03; 0.05 and 0.09 mg / mL LCC. After the impregnation, the stalks were dried in an oven for 12h at 50±3°C and randomly distributed in an acrylic cage installed in a 27-m3 room. The experiment was repeated for five consecutive days every 24 hours. In each repetition, 60 adult beetles were released in the center of the arena to assess the attractiveness or repellency of the same in relation to oarlocks. The assessment counted the beetles that failed to penetrate the bamboo stalks. All concentrations repelled the bamboo beetle, but no differences were found.

RESUMO. O líquido da casca da castanha de caju (LCC) de Anacardium occidentale está sendo utilizado com sucesso em ensaios larvicidas para Aedes aegypti; porém pouco se sabe sobre seus efeitos ambientais. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do LCC e de um fitoproduto a base de LCC na germinação e no crescimento de Lactuca sativa (alface), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomate) e Senna obtusifolia (fedegoso). O pH do LCC e formulação é 6,4 e 6,8, respectivamente; a condutividade elétrica 2,89 µS cm-1 (LCC) e 2,21 µS cm-1 (formulação) e ambos contêm ácido anacárdico (53,2%) e produtos de degradação. Nos bioensaios de germinação e de crescimento, utilizou-se LCC (25, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg mL-1) e a formulação (100 mg mL-1) e controle, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados demonstraram efeito do LCC, afetando negativamente a germinação e vigor da alface e tomate e o vigor do fedegoso; no crescimento, influenciou negativamente o crescimento da raiz e caule de alface e tomate e no fedegoso, apenas da raiz. A formulação exerceu efeito negativo apenas para sementes de fedegoso e afetou negativamente o crescimento das plântulas de alface e tomate, raiz e parte aérea. Os resultados obtidos indicaram fitotoxicidade do LCC e da formulação para as espécies testadas.

ABSTRACT. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell liquid (CNSL) has been successfully used in trials as an Aedes aegypti larvicide, but little is known about its environmental effects. In this study, the potential effects of CNSL and a CNSL-based phyto-product formulation on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) and Senna obtusifolia (coffee senna) were assessed. The pH of CNSL and the formulation were 6.4 and 6.8, respectively; the electrical conductivities were 2.89 μS cm-1 (CNSL) and 2.21 μS cm-1 (formulation), respectively, and both contained anacardic acid (53.2%) and degradation products. In bioassays for germination and growth, CNSL (25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg mL-1), the formulation (100 mg mL-1) and the control were used in a completely randomized design. The results demonstrated the chemical effects of CNSL, which negatively affected the germination and vigor of lettuce and tomato and the vigor of coffee senna; for growth, it negatively influenced both the root and aerial parts of lettuce and tomato, but only the roots of coffee senna. The formulation had negative effects on the vigor of coffee senna and the growth of tomato and lettuce seedlings (roots and aerial parts). The results indicate the phytotoxicity of CNSL and the formulation for the plant species tested.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti Linn. (1792) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito, which is endemic in several regions of Brazil. Alternative methods for the control of the vector include botanical insecticides, which offer advantages such as lower environmental contamination levels and less likelihood of resistant populations. Thus, in this study, the ability of botanical insecticide formulations to inhibit the activity of the liver enzymes serum cholinesterase and malate dehydrogenase was evaluated. METHODS: Inhibition profiles were assessed using in vitro assays for cholinesterase and malate dehydrogenase activity and quantitated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy at 410nm to 340nm. RESULTS Insecticide products formulated from cashew nutshell liquid [A] and ricinoleic acid [B] showed cholinesterase activity levels of 6.26IU/mL and 6.61IU/mL, respectively, while the control level for cholinesterase was 5-12IU/mL. The products did not affect the level of 0.44IU/mL established for malate dehydrogenase, as the levels produced by [A] and [B] were 0.43IU/mL and 0.45IU/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that in vitro testing of the formulated products at concentrations lethal to A. aegypti did not affect the activity of cholinesterase and malate dehydrogenase, indicating the safety of these products.